MOFs for next-generation cancer therapeutics through a biophysical approach-a review

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising nanocarriers for cancer treatment due to their unique properties. Featuring high porosity, extensive surface area, chemical stability, and good biocompatibility, MOFs are ideal for efficient drug delivery, targeted therapy, and controlled release. They can be designed to target specific cellular organelles to disrupt metabolic processes in cancer cells. Additionally, functionalization with enzymes mimics their catalytic activity, enhancing photodynamic therapy and overcoming apoptosis resistance in cancer cells. The controllable and regular structure of MOFs, along with their tumor microenvironment responsiveness, make them promising nanocarriers for anticancer drugs. These carriers can effectively deliver a wide range of drugs with improved bioavailability, controlled release rate, and targeted delivery efficiency compared to alternatives. In this article, we review both experimental and computational studies focusing on the interaction between MOFs and drug, explicating the release mechanisms and stability in physiological conditions. Notably, we explore the relationship between MOF structure and its ability to damage cancer cells, elucidating why MOFs are excellent candidates for bio-applicability. By understanding the problem and exploring potential solutions, this review provides insights into the future directions for harnessing the full potential of MOFs, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic outcomes in cancer treatment.

Recent advancements in modifications of metal-organic frameworks-based materials for enhanced water purification and contaminant detection

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a key focus in water treatment and monitoring due to their unique structural features, including extensive surface area, customizable porosity, reversible adsorption, and high catalytic efficiency. While numerous reviews have discussed MOFs in environmental remediation, this review specifically addresses recent advancements in modifying MOFs to enhance their effectiveness in water purification and monitoring. It underscores their roles as adsorbents, photocatalysts, and in luminescent and electrochemical sensing. Advancements such as pore modification, defect engineering, and functionalization, combined synergistically with advanced materials, have led to the development of recyclable MOF-based nano-adsorbents, Z-scheme photocatalytic systems, nanocomposites, and hybrid materials. These innovations have broadened the spectrum of removable contaminants and improved material recyclability. Additionally, this review delves into the creation of multifunctional MOF materials, the development of robust MOF variants, and the simplification of synthesis methods, marking significant progress in MOF sensor technology. Furthermore, the review addresses current challenges in this field and proposes potential future research directions and practical applications. The growing research interest in MOFs underscores the need for an updated synthesis of knowledge in this area, focusing on both current challenges and future opportunities in water remediation.

Efficient structure tuning over the defective modulated zirconium metal organic framework with active coordinate surface for photocatalyst CO2 reduction

Structure engineering of zirconium-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) aims to develop efficient catalysts for transforming intermittent renewable energy into value-added chemical fuels. In order to have a deeper understanding of industrial scaling, it is vital to ascertain the favourable operational parameters that are necessary for projecting at the atomic level. The proposed paradigm provides a robust basis for the efficient design of MOFs based heterogeneous photocatalysts. In this study, set of defective MOF (D-NUiO66) was effectively produced using a modular acidic method. Afterwards, the D-NUiO66 was combined with CeO2 to form the D-CeNUiO66 heterojunction for the purpose of carbon dioxide reduction. The morphological aspect of the composite investigation suggested that D-CeNUiO66 had a mesoporous structure with favourable adsorption properties. The optimized D-CeNUiO66 photocatalyst showed the high activity for the reduction of CO2 to CO, with a rate of 38.6 µmolg-1h-1 and demonstrated remarkable repeatability in terms of CO production. The incorporation of defect sites in the D-NUiO66 enhanced the light response to visible light, resulting in reduced band gap of 2.9 eV. The photoelectrochemical tests indicated that the introduction of defects in the UiO66 and coupling CeO2 in the D-CeNUiO66 composite induced fast charge transfer, therefore suppressing the charge recombination rate. This study provides valuable insights into the use of defective engineering and heterojunction approaches to metal-organic frameworks for photocatalytic applications.

Enhancing Uranium Removal with a Titanium-Incorporated Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Framework

The urgent need to efficiently and rapidly decontaminate uranium contamination in aquatic environments underscores its significance for ecological preservation and environmental restoration. Herein, a series of titanium-doped zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks were meticulously synthesized through a stepwise process. The resultant hybrid bimetallic materials, denoted as NU-Zr-n%Ti, exhibited remarkable efficiency in eliminating uranium (U (VI)) from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were executed to comprehensively assess the adsorption capabilities of NU-Zr-n%Ti. Notably, the hybrid materials exhibited a substantial increase in adsorption capacity for U (VI) compared to the parent NU-1000 framework. Remarkably, the optimized NU-Zr-15%Ti displayed a noteworthy adsorption capacity (∼118 mg g-1) along with exceptionally rapid kinetics at pH 4.0, surpassing that of pristine NU-1000 by a factor of 10. This heightened selectivity for U (VI) persisted even when diverse ions exist. The dominant mechanisms driving this high adsorption capacity were identified as the robust electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged surface of NU-Zr-15%Ti and positively charged U (VI) species as well as surface complexation. Consequently, NU-Zr-15%Ti emerges as a promising contender for addressing uranium-laden wastewater treatment and disposal due to its favorable sequestration performance.

Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid from Sugars over Polyoxometalate/Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts

Converting extensive sugars into value-added 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has been considered to be a promising approach to developing sustainable substitutes for chemicals from fossil resources. The complicated conversion processes involved multiple cascade reactions and intermediates, which made the design of efficient multifunction catalysts challenging. Herein, we developed a catalyst by introducing phosphotungstic acid (PW) and Co sites into the UiO-66, which achieved a one-pot cascade conversion of fructose-to-FDCA with high conversion (>99 %) and yield (94.6 %) based on the controllable Lewis/Brønsted acid sites and redox sites. Controlled experiments and detailed characterizations show that the multifunctional PW/UiO(Zr, Co) catalysts successfully affords the direct synthesis of FDCA from fructose via dehydration and selective oxidation in the one-pot reaction. Additionally, the MOF catalysts could also efficiently convert various sugars into FDCA, which has broad application prospects. This study provides new strategies for designing multifunctional catalysts to achieve efficient production of FDCA from biomass in the one-pot reaction.

Atomically dispersed Ti-O clusters anchored on NH2-UiO-66(Zr) as efficient and deactivation-resistant photocatalyst for abatement of gaseous toluene under visible light

Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) over MOF-based photocatalysts is considerably impeded by the weak activation of reactant molecules on the catalyst surface and low charge carrier mobility. In this study, we demonstrate that atomically dispersed Ti species anchored on NH₂-UiO-66(Zr) (AUiO-66(Zr/Ti)) exhibit high visible-light-responsive photocatalytic activity toward toluene vapor with an 83 % removal efficiency and 89 % CO₂ selectivity. These results are markedly superior to those reported in the literature. More importantly, AUiO-66(Zr/Ti) exhibited excellent catalytic stability during a prolonged reaction, while its pristine AUiO-66(Zr) counterpart underwent rapid catalytic deactivation after a few hours. The optimized sample, AUiO-66(Zr/Ti)-4h, provided extended visible light absorption and enhanced charge carrier mobility due to ligand-to-linker metal charge transfer. Meanwhile, the defect-rich surface of AUiO-66(Zr/Ti)-4h facilitated the activation of H₂O/toluene molecules into the critical intermediates of hydroxyl, benzoic acid, and maleic anhydride, which were effectively converted under visible light illumination. On the basis of the combined results of the PCO of toluene and material characterization, the structure - activity relationship and the related catalytic mechanism are discussed comprehensively.

In-situ construction of Zr-based metal-organic framework core-shell heterostructure for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants

Photocatalysis is an eco-friendly promising approach to the degradation of textile dyes. The majority of reported studies involved remediation of dyes with an initial concentration ≤50 mg/L, which was away from the existing values in textile wastewater. Herein, a simple solvothermal route was utilized to synthesize CoFe2O4@UiO-66 core-shell heterojunction photocatalyst for the first time. The photocatalytic performance of the as-synthesized catalysts was assessed through the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes at an initial concentration (100 mg/L). Under simulated solar irradiation, improved photocatalytic performance was accomplished by as-obtained CoFe2O4@UiO-66 heterojunction compared to bare UiO-66 and CoFe2O4. The overall removal efficiency of dyes (100 mg/L) over CoFe2O4@UiO-66 (50 mg/L) reached >60% within 180 min. The optical and photoelectrochemical measurements showed an enhanced visible light absorption capacity as well as effective interfacial charge separation and transfer over CoFe2O4@UiO-66, emphasizing the successful construction of heterojunction. The degradation mechanism was further explored, which revealed the contribution of holes (h+), superoxide (•O2 -), and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals in the degradation process, however, h+ were the predominant reactive species. This work might open up new insights for designing MOF-based core-shell heterostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of industrial organic pollutants.

Two-dimensional magnetic bimetallic organic framework nanosheets for highly efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides

Highly selective enrichment and sensitive detection of phosphopeptides is pivotal for comprehensive phosphoproteomics analysis; however, it also poses a long-standing challenge. Here, a novel two-dimensional (2D) magnetic bimetallic organic framework (MOF) nanosheet with Zr-O clusters and Ti-O clusters (denoted as the Fe₃O₄@Zr-Ti BPDC nanosheet) is prepared via a solvothermal method and in situ deposition of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for the first time. Taking advantage of the abundant dual affinities of Zr-O and Ti-O clusters for phosphopeptides, large surface area and high chemical stability, the Fe₃O₄@Zr-Ti BPDC nanosheets exhibit excellent enrichment performance for phosphopeptides. Within the framework of density functional theory, the interaction between Zr-O clusters, Ti-O clusters and phosphorylated molecules was studied to find the possible reason behind the superior adsorption performance of the bimetallic MOF nanosheets. We found that electrons would migrate from Ti to Zr spontaneously after doping Ti element and enhance the electrostatic traction between Zr species and phosphorylated molecules, demonstrating that the synergistic effect of Zr-Ti was helpful to improve the enrichment efficiency for phosphopeptides. Furthermore, the Fe₃O₄@Zr-Ti BPDC nanosheets showed good enrichment performance in complex bio-samples, including nonfat milk, human saliva, and a breast cancer cell lysate, indicating their tremendous potential in the analysis of trace phosphorylated biomolecules in complex bio-samples.

Saiz P, Reizabal A, Wuttke S, Celaya-Azcoaga L, Valverde A, Fernández de Luis R. A State-of-the-Art of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Chromium Photoreduction vs. Photocatalytic Water Remediation

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a highly mobile cancerogenic and teratogenic heavy metal ion. Among the varied technologies applied today to address chromium water pollution, photocatalysis offers a rapid reduction of Cr(VI) to the less toxic Cr(III). In contrast to classic photocatalysts, Metal-Organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous semiconductors that can couple the Cr(VI) to Cr(III) photoreduction to the chromium species immobilization. In this minireview, we wish to discuss and analyze the state-of-the-art of MOFs for Cr(VI) detoxification and contextualizing it to the most recent advances and strategies of MOFs for photocatalysis purposes. The minireview has been structured in three sections: (i) a detailed discussion of the specific experimental techniques employed to characterize MOF photocatalysts, (ii) a description and identification of the key characteristics of MOFs for Cr(VI) photoreduction, and (iii) an outlook and perspective section in order to identify future trends.

Activation of Cadmium–Imidazole Buffering Coordination Polymer by Sulfur-Doping for the Enhancement of Photocatalytic Degradation of Cationic and Anionic Dyes Under Visible Light

The buffering Cadmium–Imidazole Coordination Polymer (Cd–Im-CP) was synthesized hydrothermally from cadmium chloride and imidazole at 70 °C and then was subjected to doping- by the non-metal sulfur using Na2S solution as a novel modification strategy to produce S–Cd–Im CPs. To investigate doping nature and its effects, Cd–Im CP and S–Cd–Im CPs were characterized applying different analyses techniques, FTIR, Raman, PXRD, SEM/EDX, TGA, and UV–Vis DRS analyses. Characterizations showed the successful chemical doping of sulfur. The inclusion of sulfur within chemical CP structure caused narrowing of material’s bandgap from 4.55 and 3.4 eV to 4.25 and 2.35 eV for S–Cd–Im CPs allowing it for photoresponse towards Visible-light. Both Cd–Im CP and S–Cd–Im CPs were applied for photocatalytic degradation of the selected dyes methylene blue (MB),and methyl orange (MO) employing visible and UV irradiations considering three different initial pH levels to investigate the consequence of sulfur doping. After eliminating the photolysis effect, the best degradation by S–Cd–Im CPs was recorded for MB at initial pH 4 being 13 fold that is for Cd–Im CP. The highest apparent turnover frequencies are 1.2 × 10−3 h−1 for MB at initial pH 10 and 1.03 × 10−4 h−1 for MO at initial pH 4 are given by 10S–Cd–IM CP under Visible-light. Generally, S–Cd–Im CPs remarkably improved photocatalysis degradation of both the dyes for all initial pH levels under Visible-light.

Hybrid metal organic frameworks as an Exotic material for the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants present in wastewater: A review

In this world, water is considered as the Elixir for all living creatures. Human life rolls with water, and every activity depends upon water. Worldwide water resources are being contaminated due to the elevation in the population count, industrialization and urbanization. Ejection of chemicals by industries and domestic sewages remains the major reason in the destruction of natural water resources. Contaminated water with harmful microbes, chemical dyes, pesticides, and carcinogens are the root cause of many diseases and deaths of living species. In this scenario, researchers engaged in producing ultra components to remove the contaminants. Metal organic frameworks (MOF) are the desired combination of organic and inorganic materials to achieve the required target. MOFs possess unique characteristics like tunable internal structure, porosity, crystallinity and high surface area which enable them for energy and environmental application. For the past years, MOFs are concentrated more as a photocatalyst in the treatment of polluted water. These research studies discuss the improvement of photocatalytic performance of MOF by the incorporation of metals, metal coupled with nanoparticles like polymers, graphene, etc., into it to achieve the enhanced photocatalytic activity by scavenging entire chemicals and harmful microbes to retain the quality of water. The target of this review article is to focus on the state of the art research work on MOFs in photocatalytic water treatment technique.

Construction of UiO-66/Bi4O5Br2 Type-II Heterojunction to Boost Charge Transfer for Promoting Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Performance

One of the basic challenges of CO₂ photoreduction is to develop efficient photocatalysts, and the construction of heterostructure photocatalysts with intimate interfaces is an effective strategy to enhance interfacial charge transfer for realizing high photocatalytic activity. Herein, a novel UiO-66/Bi₄O₅Br₂ heterostructure photocatalyst was constructed by depositing UiO-66 nanoparticles with octahedral morphology over the Bi₄O₅Br₂ nanoflowers assembled from the Bi₄O₅Br₂ nanosheets via an electrostatic self-assembly method. A tight contact interface and a built-in electric field were formed between the UiO-66 and the Bi₄O₅Br₂, which was conducive to the photo-electrons transfer from the Bi₄O₅Br₂ to the UiO-66 and the formation of a type-II heterojunction with highly efficient charge separation. As a result, the UiO-66/Bi₄O₅Br₂ exhibited improved photocatalytic CO₂ reduction performance with a CO generation rate of 8.35 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ without using any sacrificial agents or noble co-catalysts. This work illustrates an applicable tactic to develop potent photocatalysts for clean energy conversion.

Facile synthesis of magnetic framework composite MgFe2O4@UiO-66(Zr) and its applications in the adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

Recently, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based hybrid composites have attracted significant attention in photocatalytic applications. In this work, MgFe₂O₄@UiO-66(Zr) (MFeO@UiO) composites with varying compositions were successfully synthesized via facile in situ assemblies. Depositing the UiO-66(Zr) framework onto ferrite nanoparticles yielded a composite structure having a lower bandgap energy (2.28-2.60 eV) than that of the parent UiO-66(Zr) (~3.8 eV). Moreover, the MFeO@UiO composite exhibited magnetic separation property and improved porosity. The removal experiment for tetracycline (TC) in aqueous media revealed that the MFeO@UiO composite exhibited a high total TC removal efficiency of ca. ~94% within 45-min preadsorption and 120-min visible-light illumination, which is higher than that of pristine ferrite and UiO-66(Zr). The enhanced photodegradation efficiency of MFeO@UiO is attributed to efficient interfacial charge transfer at the heterojunction and the synergistic effect between the semiconductors. Radical scavenging experiments revealed that photogenerated holes (h⁺) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) were the major reactive species involved in TC photodegradation. Moreover, the prepared MFeO@UiO nanocomposite showed good recyclability and renewability, making it a potential material for wastewater treatments.

Impact of Zr6 Node in a Metal-Organic Framework for Adsorptive Removal of Antibiotics from Water

Quinolone-based antibiotics commonly detected in surface, ground, and drinking water are difficult to remove and therefore pose a threat as organic contaminants of aqueous environment. We performed adsorptive removal of quinolone antibiotics, nalidixic acid and ofloxacin, using a zirconium-porphyrin-based metal-organic framework (MOF), PCN-224. PCN-224 exhibits the highest adsorption capacities for both nalidixic acid and ofloxacin among those reported for MOFs to date. The accessible metal sites of Zr metal nodes are responsible for efficient adsorptive removal. This study offers a pragmatic approach to design MOFs optimized for adsorptive removal of antibiotics.

Boron containing metal-organic framework for highly selective photocatalytic production of H2O2 by promoting two-electron O2 reduction

A zirconium-based metal-organic framework containing boron (UiO-66-B) is prepared, which displays efficient photocatalytic H₂O₂ production. The H₂O₂ evolution rate is about 1002 μmol g^-1 h^-1, much higher than that of most known photocatalysts. Pristine UiO-66 displays a much lower activity (314 μmol g^-1 h^-1) under the same conditions, suggesting the significant role of boron. Both theoretical calculations and the combined experimental results verify the above conclusion, and the role of boron is ascribed to the following aspects: (1) enhanced O₂ adsorption, (2) highly selective proton-coupled two-electron transfer, (3) faster carrier separation and surface charge transfer, and (4) faster generation but slower decomposition rates of H₂O₂. This work highlights key factors in the two-electron O₂ reduction reaction (ORR), presents a deeper understanding of the role of boron in enhancing H₂O₂ production, and provides a new strategy for designing photocatalysts with excellent H₂O₂ evolution efficiency.

Advances of the highly efficient and stable visible light active photocatalyst Zr(IV)-phthalate coordination polymer for the degradation of organic contaminants in water

This work presents the restoration of the Zr-phthalate coordination polymer (Zr-Ph CP) via valuable application in photocatalysis. Zr-Ph CP was facilely synthesized using a soft hydrothermal method at 70 °C, and was characterized utilizing FTIR, Raman Spectrosopy, XPS, PXRD, SEM/EDX, BET, and a hyperspectral camera. Assessment of its photocatalytic degradation potential was performed against two different dyes, the cationic methylene blue (MB) and the anionic methyl orange (MO), as frequent models of organic contaminants, under properly selected mild visible illumination (9 W) where the bandgap energy (Eg) was determined to be 2.72 eV. Effects of different initial pH values and different dyes' initial concentrations were covered. Photocatalytic degradation studies showed that Zr-Ph CP effectively degraded both dyes for initial pH 7 within about 40-60 minutes. Degradation rate constants were calculated as 0.17 and 0.13 min-1 for MB and MO, respectively. Generally, both direct and indirect mechanisms share in the degradation, where adsorption has shown an important role. The repeated use of Zr-Ph CP does not significantly affect its photocatalytic performance suggesting high water stability.

Assembly of a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Membrane on a Solid Electrocatalyst: Introducing Molecular-Level Control Over Heterogeneous CO2 Reduction

Electrochemically active Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have been progressively recognized for their use in solar fuel production schemes. Typically, they are utilized as platforms for heterogeneous tethering of exceptionally large concentration of molecular electrocatalysts onto electrodes. Yet so far, the potential influence of their extraordinary chemical modularity on electrocatalysis has been overlooked. Herein, we demonstrate that, when assembled on a solid Ag CO₂ reduction electrocatalyst, a non‐catalytic UiO‐66 MOF acts as a porous membrane that systematically tunes the active site's immediate chemical environment, leading to a drastic enhancement of electrocatalytic activity and selectivity. Electrochemical analysis shows that the MOF membrane improves catalytic performance through physical and electrostatic regulation of reactants delivery towards the catalytic sites. The MOF also stabilizes catalytic intermediates via modulation of active site's secondary coordination sphere. This concept can be expanded to a wide range of proton‐coupled electrochemical reactions, providing new means for precise, molecular‐level manipulation of heterogeneous solar fuels systems.

In-situ development of metal organic frameworks assisted ZnMgAl layered triple hydroxide 2D/2D hybrid as an efficient photocatalyst for organic dye degradation

Metal organic framework (MOF) supported layered triple hydroxide (LTH) 2D/2D hybrid material was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The photophysical properties of the prepared samples were investigated through a set of analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and mapping. The photocatalytic degradation activity of as prepared 2D/2D MOF-5/LTH hybrid sample was investigated against methylene blue (MB) dye under the UV-visible light irradiation. The degradation efficiency of the MOF-5/LTH hybrid sample was twice a time greater than that of pristine MOF-5, particularly degradation efficiency of the MOF-5, LTH and MOF-5/LTH hybrid samples are 43.3, 57.7 and 98.1% respectively. The Pseudo first order rate and the reusing investigation was further used to study the catalytic activity and stability of the as-synthesized 2D/2D photocatalyst. The observed improvement in the photocatalytic activity of the hybrid samples were owed to enhance visible light absorption, efficient separation and transportation of photoinduced electrons and holes.

Advanced applications of Zr-based MOFs in the removal of water pollutants

The global water pollution is caused by the increase of industrial and agricultural activities, which have produced various toxic pollutants. Pollutants in water generally consist of metal ions, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), oil spills, organic dyes, and other organic pollutants. Amongst the adsorbents that have been developed to deal with pollutants in water, Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn scientists' great attention due to their excellent stability and adjustable functionalization. Herein, the present review article introduces the synthetic methods of functionalized Zr-based MOFs and summarizes their applications in water pollution treatment. It also clarifies the interactions and removal mechanisms between pollutants and Zr-based MOFs. The use of these MOFs with eminent adsorption ability and recycling performance have been discussed in detail. Zr-based MOFs also face some challenges such as high cost, lack of real water environment applications, selective removal of pollutants, and low ability to remove composite pollutants. Future research should focus on addressing these issues. Although there is still a blank of the practical utility of Zr-based MOFs on a commercial scale, the research reported to date clearly shows that they are very promising materials for the water treatment.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Micropollutants in Water by Zr-MOF/GO Composites

Nanocomposites of UiO-66 and graphene oxide (UiO-66_GO) were prepared with different GO contents by a one-step hydrothermal method, and their photocatalytic activities for the degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) were investigated under ranges of GO loading, catalyst dose, initial pollutant concentration, and solution pH. The UiO-66_GO nanocomposites showed photocatalytic rate constant up to 0.0136 min−1 for CBZ degradation and its high overall removal efficiency (>90%) in 2 h. The photocatalytic rate constant over the UiO-66_GO nanocomposite was about 2.8 and 1.7 times higher than those over pristine GO and UiO-66, respectively. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity by GO was attributed to increased surface area and porosity, improved light absorption, and narrowed band gap. The composite also showed substantial recyclability and stability over five consecutive cycles of photocatalytic degradation. The experimental results indicated that O2●− and OH● are the responsible radicals for photocatalytic degradation, which helped us propose a photocatalytic mechanism for the enhanced CBZ photodegradation. This work provides a reference for the development of GO-based composite photocatalysts and expands the application of UiO-66 as a photocatalyst for the degradation of persistent micropollutants in water.

Titanium Incorporation into Zr-Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

This study uses metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) alone without any added antibacterial ingredients as the nonantibiotic agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of chronic wounds infected by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Nanoparticles (NPs) of MOFs (PCN-224) are incorporated with titanium through a facile cation exchange strategy. The obtained bimetallic PCN-224(Zr/Ti) shows greatly enhanced photocatalytic performance for the generation of reactive oxygen species under visible light, which is responsible for the effective antibacterial activities. The PCN-224(Zr/Ti) NPs are loaded onto lactic-co-glycolic acid nanofibers to prepare a wound dressing, which shows high biocompatibility and minimal cytotoxicity. The wound dressing is efficient for PDT-based in vivo healing of the chronic wound infected by MDR bacteria. Most importantly, this work does not involve any additional antibacterial agents, which is facile, low cost, and in particular, greatly explores the potential of MOFs as a powerful nonantibiotic agent in PDT.

Magnetic BiFeO3 decorated UiO-66 as a p–n heterojunction photocatalyst for simultaneous degradation of a binary mixture of anionic and cationic dyes

Magnetic UiO-66/BiFeO₃ composite for simultaneous photodegradation of a binary mixture of anionic and cationic dyes.