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Costa NL, Hiranobe CT, Cardim HP, Dognani G, Sanchez JC, Carvalho JAJ, Torres GB, Paim LL, Pinto LF, Cardim GP, Cabrera FC, dos Santos RJ, Silva MJ. A Review of EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) Rubber-Based Nanocomposites: Properties and Progress. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1720. [PMID: 38932070 PMCID: PMC11207359 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) is a synthetic rubber widely used in industry and commerce due to its high thermal and chemical resistance. Nanotechnology has enabled the incorporation of nanomaterials into polymeric matrixes that maintain their flexibility and conformation, allowing them to achieve properties previously unattainable, such as improved tensile and chemical resistance. In this work, we summarize the influence of different nanostructures on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of EPDM-based materials to keep up with current research and support future research into synthetic rubber nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Lima Costa
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
- School of Technology and Sciences (FCT–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Toshiyuki Hiranobe
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Henrique Pina Cardim
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Guilherme Dognani
- School of Technology and Sciences (FCT–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Juan Camilo Sanchez
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Pascual Bravo University Institution (IUPB), Medellín 050036, Colombia; (J.C.S.); (J.A.J.C.)
| | | | - Giovanni Barrera Torres
- Industrial Design Engineering Department, Arts and Humanities Faculty, Metropolitan Institute of Technology (ITM), Medellín 050036, Colombia;
| | - Leonardo Lataro Paim
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Leandro Ferreira Pinto
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Guilherme Pina Cardim
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Flávio Camargo Cabrera
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Renivaldo José dos Santos
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Michael Jones Silva
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
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2
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Layered Double Hydroxide Materials: A Review on Their Preparation, Characterization, and Applications. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), a type of synthetic clay with assorted potential applications, are deliberated upon in view of their specific properties, such as adsorbent-specific behavior, biocompatibility, fire-retardant capacity, and catalytic and anion exchange properties, among others. LDHs are materials with two-dimensional morphology, high porosity, and exceptionally tunable and exchangeable anionic particles with sensible interlayer spaces. The remarkable feature of LDHs is their flexibility in maintaining the interlayer spaces endowing them with the capacity to accommodate a variety of ionic species, suitable for many applications. Herein, some synthetic methodologies, general characterizations, and applications of LDHs are summarized, encompassing their broader appliances as a remarkable material to serve society and address several problems viz. removal of pollutants and fabrication of sensors and materials with multifaceted useful applications in the medical, electrochemical, catalytic, and agricultural fields, among others.
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Wang K, Jiang Y, Lv C, Chi Q, Guo Y, Tang P, Pan G, Guo Q. Noncovalent self‐assembled supramolecular aggregate decorated nickel‐aluminum layered double hydroxides nanosheets for reinforcing the flame retardancy of
PLA. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunyan Wang
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Changjin Lv
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qianhui Chi
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Guo
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Peisong Tang
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Pan
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qipeng Guo
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
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4
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Li S, Zhu XD, Li L, Qian Y, Guo Q, Ma J. Synthesis of LDHs Based on Fly-Ash and Its Influence on the Flame Retardant Properties of EVA/LDHs Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132549. [PMID: 35808595 PMCID: PMC9269524 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fly-ash, a kind of large solid waste in energy industry, has brought about serious environmental problems and safety consequences. No efficient way has been found yet to deal with it worldwide. The focus of contemporary research are mainly placed on the reuse of aluminum and iron, but with a low utilization rate less than 30%. Having destroyed the ecological balance, fly-ash has become a challenge drawing the attention of people in the solid waste industry. In this paper, a smoke-suppressant and flame-retardant layered double hydroxide (LDH) featuring Mg-Al-Fe ternary was successfully synthesized by fly-ash after coprecipitation. XRD results presented LDHs successful synthesis. Then, exploration on the flame retarding properties of LDHs in composites composed by ethylene vinyl acetate (hereinafter referred to as EVA)/LDHs was carried out by UL-94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter (CCT), smoke density (SDT), and thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-IR) tests. UL testing results showed that most of the samples had a vertical combustion rating of V-0. LOI results showed the highest LOI value of ELDH-1, amounting to as high as 28.5 ± 0.1 while CCT results showed that the rate of heat releasing, mass loss, and smoke production of composite materials were decreased significantly compared with corresponding data of pure EVA. The ELDH-1 sample displayed the lowest peaks of heat release rate (pHRR) value of 178.4 ± 12.8 Kw·m−2 and the lowest total heat release (THR) value of 114.5 ± 0.35 KJ·m−2. Then, SDT indicated that under respective ignition and non-ignition conditions, all composite materials present a good smoke suppression performance. Additionally, digital photographs after CCT demonstrated that EVA/LDHs composites could enhance the formation of compact charred layers, and prevent their splitting, which effectively prevent the underlying materials from burning. Finally, TG-IR findings showed that compared with pure EVA, EVA/LDHs composites also achieved a higher-level thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoquan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (S.L.); (X.-d.Z.); (Q.G.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Xiao-dong Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (S.L.); (X.-d.Z.); (Q.G.)
| | - Long Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China;
| | - Yi Qian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (S.L.); (X.-d.Z.); (Q.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Qingjie Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (S.L.); (X.-d.Z.); (Q.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Jingjing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
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van Tonder L, Labuschagné FJWJ. Systematic Literature Review of the Effect of Layered Double Hydroxides on the Mechanical Properties of Rubber. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213716. [PMID: 34771273 PMCID: PMC8587788 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have attracted interest as reinforcing fillers in elastomers due to their ease of synthesis and customisability. A systematic review was performed on the effect of LDHs on the mechanical properties of elastomers using the Scopus database. Of the 61 articles relevant to the search criteria, the majority were published on polyurethane (PU) and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). Mg-Al LDH was used in most of the studies and Zn-Al LDH was used second most common. LDH can act as a reinforcing filler, typically increasing tensile strength even at low concentrations, so it could be used as an alternative to traditional reinforcing fillers for elastomers. LDH can also be made a functional filler by selecting the right metals and interlayer anions. It was found that Mg-Al LDH and Zn-Al LDH can both participate in crosslinking reactions and can replace MgO and ZnO, respectively. Less Zn ions are required for crosslinking when LDH is used than when ZnO is used, making LDH more environmentally friendly. Organic modification is usually required to improve compatibility with the elastomer matrix, especially in non-polar elastomers. It enables exfoliation of the LDH and intercalation of polymer chains into the LDH interlayer to occur. Organic modifiers can also be used to functionalise the LDH. Stearic acid used in crosslinking systems can be replaced by stearate anions from stearate-modified LDH.
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6
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Understanding the Coupling Effect between Lignin and Polybutadiene Elastomer. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5060154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
From an environmental and economic viewpoint, it is a win–win strategy to use materials obtained from renewable resources for the production of high-performance elastomer composites. Lignin, being a renewable biomass, was employed as a functional filler material to obtain an elastomer composite with a higher degree of mechanical performance. In the presence of a suitable coupling agent, an elevated temperature was preferred for the reactive mixing of lignin with polybutadiene rubber (BR). It is quite fascinating that the mechanical performance of this composite was comparable with carbon black-filled composites. The extraordinary reinforcing behavior of lignin in the BR matrix was understood by an available model of rubber reinforcement. In rubber composite preparation, the interfacial interaction between polybutadiene rubber and lignin in the presence of a coupling agent enabled the efficient dispersion of lignin into the rubber matrix, which is responsible for the excellent mechanical properties of the rubber composites. The rubber composites thus obtained may lead to the development of a sustainable and cost-effective end product with reliable performance. This novel approach could be implemented in other type of elastomeric materials, enabling a genuine pathway toward a sustainable globe.
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7
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Basu D, Kapgate B, Bansod N, Rajkumar K, Sahoo S, Das C. REINFORCEMENT EFFECT OF IN SITU DEVELOPED ITACONIC ACID BASED METAL SALT NANO-CRYSTALS IN ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE COPOLYMER. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.21.79908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Itaconic acid has been employed as a special facilitator to construct divalent metal ion based ionic crosslinking framework in the acrylonitrile butadiene rubber matrix. Readily accessible double bonds in itaconic acid could directly react with the elastomer to form effective covalent bonds. On the other hand, presence of easily dissociable protons in itaconic acid enables them to form ionic bonds that leads to an increase in crosslinking density of the vulcanizates. The synergistic effect of covalent crosslinking induced by peroxide and ionic crosslinking induced by metal carboxylate could effectively enhance the overall mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the rubber composites. In this study, three metal oxides, that is, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and calcium oxide, have been selected for this purpose. Tensile strength of nitrile rubber composites depends on the strength of ionic crosslinks, which in turn is influenced by the size of the alkaline earth metals, such as Mg, Ca, etc., and stoichiometric quantity of itaconic acid, which is at par in the formulation of this study. The novelty of this study is that the introduction of a dicarboxylic acid in combination with metal oxides enhances the crosslink density and tensile strength of nitrile rubber composites which could result from the metal organic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdipta Basu
- Indian Rubber Manufacturers Research Association, Thane (W), Maharashtra, 400604, India
| | - Bharat Kapgate
- Indian Rubber Manufacturers Research Association, Thane (W), Maharashtra, 400604, India
| | - Naresh Bansod
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Art, Science & Late N.P. Commerce College, Armori, Maharashtra, 441208, India
| | - Kasilingam Rajkumar
- Indian Rubber Manufacturers Research Association, Thane (W), Maharashtra, 400604, India
| | - Suchismita Sahoo
- Indian Rubber Manufacturers Research Association, Thane (W), Maharashtra, 400604, India
| | - Chayan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
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Marzec A, Szadkowski B, Rogowski J, Maniukiewicz W, Rybiński P, Prochoń M. New Organic/Inorganic Pigments Based on Azo Dye and Aluminum-Magnesium Hydroxycarbonates with Various Mg/Al Ratios. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081349. [PMID: 31027185 PMCID: PMC6515457 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study set out to investigate the impact of aluminum-magnesium hydroxycarbonates (LHs) with various Mg/Al ratios on the formation of hybrid pigments. The colorants were also evaluated for their flame-retardant properties. In the first part of the study, the hybrid pigments were submitted to comprehensive characterization using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), 27Al solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2 adsorption as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/STEM). The relationship between the Mg/Al ratios of the LH carriers and the formation of lake pigments was explored. The TOF-SIMS spectrum of LH modified with azo chromophore (AC) showed an intense peak for the C19H15O5N2Mg+ ion, confirming metal-dye interactions. Incorporation of the organic colorant into the LH host enhanced its resistance to dissolution in organic solvent (butyl acetate), as well as improving its color stability under elevated temperatures. The second part of the study evaluated the flammability of ethylene-norbornene (EN) composites, in which the pigments had been applied as colorants. Cone calorimetry revealed that addition of the organic-inorganic pigments resulted in a substantial improvement of the flame retardancy, reflected by the decreased values of the heat release rate (HRRMAX) and total heat release parameter (THR) of the EN composites in comparison to a neat sample (unfilled EN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marzec
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bolesław Szadkowski
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jacek Rogowski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Maniukiewicz
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Rybiński
- Department of Management and Environmental Protection, Jan Kochanowski University, Zeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland.
| | - Mirosława Prochoń
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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Quispe-Dominguez R, Naseem S, Leuteritz A, Kuehnert I. Synthesis and characterization of MgAl-DBS LDH/PLA composite by sonication-assisted masterbatch (SAM) melt mixing method. RSC Adv 2019; 9:658-667. [PMID: 35517586 PMCID: PMC9059520 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08780f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This research work is based on the comparison of the mixing phenomena of magnesium–aluminum (MgAl) layered double hydroxides (LDHs) intercalated by dodecylbenzene sulfonate (MgAl-DBS) in poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Two mixing techniques were used to compare the dispersion of LDHs in PLA such as sonication-assisted masterbatch (SAM) melt mixing and direct melting (DM) methods. MgAl LDHs synthesized by the urea hydrolysis method and intercalated with DBS anions using anion exchange reaction and were used in different ratios in PLA (1.25, 2.5, and 5 wt%). MgAl LDHs and their anion intercalation were studied by the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) method. Different properties of LDH/PLA composites were compared to analyze the effect of these mixing techniques. Dispersion and exfoliation of LDHs in PLA were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Influences on the rheological properties were evaluated by analyzing the complex viscosities (η*), storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′′) by using a rheometer. The thermal properties, thermal stability and effect on crystallinity of composites made with the two mixing techniques were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) respectively. The mixing mechanism and amount of MgAl-DBS LDHs have a notable effect on the properties of PLA composites with sonication-assisted masterbatch melt mixing techniques giving better dispersion of LDHs in PLA composites as compared to direct melt mixing. This research work is based on the comparison of the mixing phenomena of magnesium–aluminum (MgAl) layered double hydroxides (LDHs) intercalated by dodecylbenzene sulfonate (MgAl-DBS) in poly(lactic acid) (PLA).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajid Naseem
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- Dresden
- Germany
| | | | - Ines Kuehnert
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- Dresden
- Germany
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10
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Naseem S, Gevers B, Boldt R, Labuschagné FJJ, Leuteritz A. Comparison of transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) containing tri-metal layered double hydroxides (LDHs) prepared by urea hydrolysis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3030-3040. [PMID: 35518998 PMCID: PMC9059937 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10165e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper details a successful synthesis and comparison of a range of tri-metal hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides (LDHs) using urea hydrolysis. Transition-metal-substituted MgMAl-LDHs were synthesized with M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn. 5 mol% and 10 mol% substitutions were performed, where Mg was substituted with Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, and Al with Fe. The successful synthesis of crystalline MgMAl-LDHs was confirmed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was used to identify substituted metals and determine changes in composition. Changes in morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the effect of Fe-, Co-, Ni-, Cu- or Zn-substitution on the thermal degradation of the MgMAl-LDH phase. The structure, morphology and thermal behavior of the LDHs were shown to be influenced by the substituted transition metals. The observed thermal stability took the order MgNiAl- > MgFeAl- = MgAl- ≥ MgCoAl- > MgCuAl- > MgZnAl-LDH. The urea hydrolysis method was shown to be a simple preparation method for well-defined crystallite structures with large hexagonal platelets and good distribution of transition metal atoms in the substituted LDHs. This paper details a successful synthesis and comparison of a range of tri-metal hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides (LDHs) using urea hydrolysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Naseem
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V
- Dresden
- Germany
| | - Bianca Gevers
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Pretoria
- Pretoria
- South Africa
| | - Regine Boldt
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V
- Dresden
- Germany
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11
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Szadkowski B, Marzec A, Rybiński P, Maniukiewicz W, Zaborski M. Aluminum-Magnesium Hydroxycarbonate/Azo Dye Hybrids as Novel Multifunctional Colorants for Elastomer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:E43. [PMID: 30960027 PMCID: PMC6401992 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the preparation and characterization of new organic-inorganic pigments based on aluminum-magnesium hydroxycarbonate (LH) and azo dyes. Solvent resistance studies, XRD, SEM, and TGA confirmed the successful formation of hybrid pigments, which were characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties. The new hybrid pigments were applied in acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR) and ethylene-propylene (EPM) rubber composites and cured with sulfur and peroxide curing systems, respectively. The mechanical properties, dispersion quality, and flame-retardant properties of the NBR/hybrid and EPM/hybrid pigment composites were determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), SEM, and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). Complex experimental investigations revealed that the layered nature of hybrid pigments could improve the barrier ability and flame retardancy of elastomer composites. In comparison to unmodified aluminum-magnesium hydroxycarbonate, the modified LH dye structures contributed to significantly decrease the heat release rate and the total heat release of the NBR and EPM composites, offering a new approach to imparting low flammability to elastomer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolesław Szadkowski
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Marzec
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Rybiński
- Department of Environmental Protection and Modeling, The Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Maniukiewicz
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marian Zaborski
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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12
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Guo Y, Wang J, Li D, Tang P, Leroux F, Feng Y. Micrometer-sized dihydrogenphosphate-intercalated layered double hydroxides: synthesis, selective infrared absorption properties, and applications as agricultural films. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3144-3154. [PMID: 29334384 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03483k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-performance heat-retention agents for multifunctional green agricultural films are today largely suitable to increase the production yield as well as to save energy. Here, an adapted ammonia releasing hydrothermal method was used to produce a series of micrometer-sized carbonate-layered double hydroxide (CO3-LDH) precursors of sizes ranging from 1.32 μm to 8.64 μm by simply adjusting the feeding Mg2+ concentration from 0.80 mol L-1 to 0.20 mol L-1. From these pristine LDH materials, μm-sized dihydrogenphosphate-intercalated LDHs (H2PO4-LDHs) were prepared by an anion-exchange method. The structure, the platelet size, and the associated selective IR absorption properties of the H2PO4-LDH and the derivative H2PO4-LDH/EVA composite as well as the related visible transmittance and the photostability of the H2PO4-LDH/EVA film were investigated. The results show that the selective IR absorption in the wavelength range of 7-14 μm enabling the heat retention of the H2PO4-LDHs and H2PO4-LDH/EVA composites depends on the corresponding number-averaged particle size of H2PO4-LDH in the range of 2.01 μm to 8.80 μm. Compared with EVA, the H2PO4-LDH/EVA composites demonstrate a significant improvement of selective IR absorption, while maintaining acceptable visible transmittance, and similar photostability. An optimized particle size of H2PO4-LDH of ca. 5.85 μm leads to 60% selective IR absorption and 64% selective IR absorption when dispersed in EVA, while the polymer free of filler exhibits less than 50% absorption in the 7-14 μm IR domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
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13
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Naseem S, Lonkar SP, Leuteritz A, Labuschagné FJJ. Different transition metal combinations of LDH systems and their organic modifications as UV protecting materials for polypropylene (PP). RSC Adv 2018; 8:29789-29796. [PMID: 35547309 PMCID: PMC9085274 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05447a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, the use of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as ultraviolet (UV) light-protecting additives for PP is explored. Different LDHs, such as ZnTi, ZnSn, ZnGa, ZnCr and CdCr LDHs, were prepared and their UV absorptions were characterized. The ZnTi LDHs showed higher UV absorption than the other four metallic combinations and were further organically modified with dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate (SDBS) and lauric acid (LA). Nanocomposites of polypropylene (PP) with four different types of LDHs, ZnTi, ZnSn, ZnTi-SDBS and ZnTi-LA, were prepared at concentrations of 5%. The crystallinities and layered structures of all the metallic combinations of LDHs were characterized by wide angle X-ray spectroscopy (WAXS) and ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, and their crystal morphologies were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The decomposition and thermal properties of the nanocomposites and pure PP were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by their photo-oxidation behavior. The addition of these organically modified and unmodified LDHs showed significant changes in the thermal decomposition of PP. The thermal stability of PP was increased to around 70 °C by the addition of SDBS-modified ZnTi LDHs (5% by weight), and an increase in induction time of about 300% was determined. In this research, the use of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as ultraviolet (UV) light-protecting additives for PP is explored.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Naseem
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- Dresden
- Germany
| | - Sunil P. Lonkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Khalifa University
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
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14
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Qu J, He X, Li X, Ai Z, Li Y, Zhang Q, Liu X. Precursor preparation of Zn–Al layered double hydroxide by ball milling for enhancing adsorption and photocatalytic decoloration of methyl orange. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The higher photocatalytic decoloration efficiency of the precursor than that of LDH because of the synergistic effect of intercalation and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xiaoman He
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xuewei Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Ziqiang Ai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Yujie Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Qiwu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xinzhong Liu
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction
- Fujian University of Technology
- Fuzhou 350118
- China
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