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Basri R, Ullah S, Khan A, Mali SN, Abchir O, Chtita S, El-Gokha A, Taslimi P, Binsaleh AY, El-Kott AF, Al-Harrasi A, Shafiq Z. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling of 3-Formyl-6-isopropylchromone derived thiosemicarbazones as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106739. [PMID: 37478545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders in the world and over the past three decades its incidence has increased drastically. α-Glucosidase inhibitors are used to control the hyperglycemic affect of T2DM. Herein, we report the synthesis, α-glucosidase inhibition, structure activity relationship, pharmacokinetics and docking analysis of various novel chromone based thiosemicarbazones 3(a-r). The derivatives displayed potent activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 in range of 0.11 ± 0.01-79.37 ± 0.71 µM. Among all the synthesized compounds, 3a (IC50 = 0.17 ± 0.026 µM), 3 g (IC50 = 0.11 ± 0.01 µM), 3n (IC50 = 0.55 ± 0.02 µM), and 3p (IC50 = 0.43 ± 0.025 µM) displayed higher inhibitory activity as compared to the standard, acarbose. Moreover, we have developed a statistically significant 2D-QSAR model (R2tr:0.9693; F: 50.4647 and Q2LOO:0.9190), which can be used in future to further design potent thiosemicarbazones as inhibitors of α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Basri
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Suraj N Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra 835215, India
| | - Oussama Abchir
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca B.P 7955, Morocco
| | - Samir Chtita
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca B.P 7955, Morocco
| | - Ahmed El-Gokha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74100 Bartin, Turkey
| | - Ammena Y Binsaleh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Ahmad S, Khan M, Alam A, Ajmal A, Wadood A, Khan A, AlAsmari AF, Alharbi M, Alshammari A, Shakoor A. Novel flurbiprofen clubbed oxadiazole derivatives as potential urease inhibitors and their molecular docking study. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25717-25728. [PMID: 37649663 PMCID: PMC10464598 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03841f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, twenty eight novel oxadiazole derivatives (5-32) of the marketed available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), (S)-flurbiprofen (1), were synthesized via I2 mediated cyclo-addition reaction in better yields. The synthesized hydrazone-Schiff bases were cyclized with iodine by using potassium hydroxide as a base in DMSO solvent to obtain oxadiazole derivatives (5-32). Structures of the synthesized products were confirmed with HR-ESI-MS, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and CHN analysis. After structure confirmations all analogs were evaluated for urease (in vitro) inhibitory activity. Amongst the series, fourteen compounds 20, 26, 30, 24, 21, 16, 28, 31, 32, 7, 19, 13, 10, and 6 were found to be excellent inhibitors of urease enzyme, having IC50 values of 12 ± 0.9 to 20 ± 0.5 μM, better than the standard thiourea (IC50 = 22 ± 2.2 μM), whereas the remaining fourteen derivatives displayed good to moderate activity. The in silico study was executed to analyse the interaction between the active site of the enzyme (urease) and the produced compounds. The docking study revealed that compounds 20, 26, 30, 24, 21, 16, 28, 31, 32, 7, 19, 13, 10, and 6 had lower docking scores than the standard compound thiourea and revealed better interactions with the urease enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan-23200 Pakistan
| | - Momin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan-23200 Pakistan
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand Chakdara Lower Dir 18800 Pakistan
| | - Amar Ajmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan-23200 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan-23200 Pakistan
| | - Azim Khan
- Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 62 Wencui Road 110016 China
| | - Abdullah F AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Shakoor
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan-23200 Pakistan
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3
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Acar Çevik U, Celik I, Paşayeva L, Fatullayev H, Bostancı HE, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. New benzimidazole-oxadiazole derivatives: Synthesis, α-glucosidase, α-amylase activity, and molecular modeling studies as potential antidiabetic agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200663. [PMID: 36760015 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (5a-z) were synthesized and characterized with different spectroscopic techniques such as 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and HRMS. The synthesized analogs were examined against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes to determine their antidiabetic potential. Compounds 5g and 5q showed the most activity with 35.04 ± 1.28 and 47.60 ± 2.16 µg/mL when compared with the reference drug acarbose (IC50 = 54.63 ± 1.95 µg/mL). Compounds 5g, 5o, 5s, and 5x were screened against the α-amylase enzyme and were found to show excellent potential, with IC50 values ranging from 22.39 ± 1.40 to 32.07 ± 1.55 µg/mL, when compared with the standard acarbose (IC50 = 46.21 ± 1.49 µg/mL). The antioxidant activities of the effective compounds (5o, 5g, 5s, 5x, and 5q) were evaluated by TAS methods. A molecular docking research study was conducted to identify the active site and explain the functions of the active chemicals. To investigate the most likely binding mode of the substances 5g, 5o, 5q, 5s, and 5x, a molecular dynamics simulation was also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Leyla Paşayeva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hanifa Fatullayev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hayrani E Bostancı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer A Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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4
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Taha M, Uddin N, Saad SM, Iqbal N, Fareed G, Anouar EH, Hassan MH, Almandil NB, Salahuddin M, Khan KM, Wadood A, Rahman AU. An effort to find new α -amylase inhibitors as potent antidiabetics compounds based on indole-based-thiadiazole analogs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13103-13114. [PMID: 34569449 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1982774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of α-amylase enzyme is of key significance for the therapy of diabetes mellitus (DM). Numerous indole-based compounds have earlier been described for broad range of bioactivities. From our previous study, we knew that indole and thiadiazole are potent inhibitors of diabetics II. We design the hybrid molecules of them and synthesized 18 derivatives of indole-based-thiadiazole (1-18). All synthesized compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic methods and evaluated for their α-amylase inhibitory activities. All synthetic compounds, except 4, 13, 15 and 16, were found to be strongly active (IC50 values in the range of 0.80 ± 0.05 - 9.30 ± 0.20 µM) than the standard drug, acarbose (IC50 = 11.70 ± 0.10 µM). Nevertheless, compound 18 was found to be inactive. The modes of binding interactions of five most active compounds 2, 3, 5, 10 and 17 were also studies through molecular docking study. In brief, current study identifies a novel class of α-amylase inhibitors which can be further studied for the treatment of hyperglycemia and obesity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Fareed
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - El Hassane Anouar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maya Haj Hassan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Zahle Lebanon
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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5
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Taha M, Salahuddin M, Almandil NB, Farooq RK, Rahim F, Uddin N, Nawaz M, Alhibshi AH, Anouar EH, Khan KM. In Vitro and in Vivo Antidiabetics Study of New Oxadiazole Derivatives Along with Molecular Docking Study. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2127799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani H. Alhibshi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - El Hassane Anouar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Mehmood R, Mughal EU, Elkaeed EB, Obaid RJ, Nazir Y, Al-Ghulikah HA, Naeem N, Al-Rooqi MM, Ahmed SA, Shah SWA, Sadiq A. Synthesis of Novel 2,3-Dihydro-1,5-Benzothiazepines as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: In Vitro, In Vivo, Kinetic, SAR, Molecular Docking, and QSAR Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30215-30232. [PMID: 36061741 PMCID: PMC9435035 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a series of 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine derivatives 1B-14B has been synthesized sand characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The enzyme inhibitory activities of the target analogues were assessed using in vitro and in vivo mechanism-based assays. The tested compounds 1B-14B exhibited in vitro inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase with IC50 = 2.62 ± 0.16 to 10.11 ± 0.32 μM as compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 37.38 ± 1.37 μM). Kinetic studies of the most active derivatives 2B and 3B illustrated competitive inhibitions. Based on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, the compounds 2B, 3B, 6B, 7B, 12B, 13B, and 14B were chosen in vivo for further evaluation of antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. All these evaluated compounds demonstrated significant antidiabetic activity and were found to be nontoxic in nature. Moreover, the molecular docking study was performed to elucidate the binding interactions of most active analogues with the various sites of the α-glucosidase enzyme (PDB ID 3AJ7). Additionally, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies were performed based on the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. The value of correlation coefficient (r) 0.9553 shows that there was a good correlation between the 1B-14B structures and selected properties. There is a correlation between the experimental and theoretical results. Thus, these novel compounds could serve as potential candidates to become leads for the development of new drugs provoking an anti-hyperglycemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Mehmood
- Department
of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | | | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami J. Obaid
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Hanan A. Al-Ghulikah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Munirah M. Al-Rooqi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut
University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department
of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
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Bio-Oriented Synthesis of Novel (S)-Flurbiprofen Clubbed Hydrazone Schiff’s Bases for Diabetic Management: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060672. [PMID: 35745591 PMCID: PMC9231348 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of (S)-flurbiprofen derivatives 4a–4p and 5a–5n were synthesized with different aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes and ketones to produce Schiff’s bases and their structures were confirmed through HR-ESI-MS, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the newly synthesized compounds were scrutinized, in which six compounds 5k, 4h, 5h, 4d, 4b, and 5i showed potent inhibition in the range of 0.93 to 10.26 µM, respectively, whereas fifteen compounds 4c, 4g, 4i, 4j, 4l, 4m, 4o, 4p, 5c, 5d, 5j, 5l, 5m, 5n and 1 exhibited significant inhibitory activity with IC50 in range of = 11.42 to 48.39 µM. In addition, compounds 5g, 5f, 4k, 4n, and 4f displayed moderate-to-low activities. The modes of binding of all the active compounds were determined through the molecular docking approach, which revealed that two residues, specifically Glu277 and His351 are important in the stabilization of the active compounds in the active site of α-glucosidase. Furthermore, these compounds block the active site with high binding energies (−7.51 to −3.36 kcal/mol) thereby inhibiting the function of the enzyme.
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Bakherad Z, Bakherad H, Sepehri S, Faramarzi MA, Mahnam K, Mojtabavi S, Mahdavi M. In silico and in vitro studies of thiosemicarbazone-indole hybrid compounds as potent α-glycosidase inhibitors. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 97:107642. [PMID: 35183819 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Design, synthesis, biological evaluations and in silico studies of sulfonate ester derivatives of 2-(2-benzylidenehydrazono)thiazolidin-4-one as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Synthesis of novel 5-(2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol derivatives as potential glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105046. [PMID: 34126575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A hybrid molecule of different biologically active substances can improve affinity and efficiency compared to a standard drug. Hence based on this fact, we predict that a combination of fluorine, oxadiazole, sulfur, etc., may enhance α-glucosidase inhibition activity compared to a standard drug. METHODS A series of novel 5-(2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol derivatives (2a-2i) were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as 1HNMR and LC-MS. In order to evaluate its bioactivity, in vitro α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibitory activity were performed. In vivo study was carried using a genetic model, Drosophila melanogaster, for assessing the antihyperglycemic effects. RESULTS The compounds 2a-2i demonstrated α-amylase inhibitory activity in the range of IC50 = 40.00-80.00 μg/ml as compare to standard acarbose (IC50 = 34.71 μg/ml). Compounds 2a-2i demonstrated α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the range of IC50 = 46.01-81.65 μg/ml as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 34.72 μg/ml). Docking studies on a target protein, N-terminal subunit of human Maltase-glucoamylase (PDB:2QMJ) was carried and the compounds were found to dock into the active site of the enzyme (Fig. 1). The predicted binding energies of the compounds were calculated. The in vitro studies indicate that compounds 2b and 2g had better activity among the synthesized compounds. Whereas in vivo study indicates that 2b, 2g, and 2i could lower glucose levels in the Drosophila, but then 17-30% reduced capacity than acarbose and may be overcome by adjusting their dosage. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that compounds 2b and 2g had better activity among the synthesized compounds. This study has recognized that compounds like 2b, 2g, and 2i may be considered potential candidates for further developing a novel class of antidiabetic agents.
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Acharya PT, Bhavsar ZA, Jethava DJ, Patel DB, Patel HD. A review on development of bio-active thiosemicarbazide derivatives: Recent advances. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Azimi F, Ghasemi JB, Azizian H, Najafi M, Faramarzi MA, Saghaei L, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Larijani B, Hassanzadeh F, Mahdavi M. Design and synthesis of novel pyrazole-phenyl semicarbazone derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitor: Kinetics and molecular dynamics simulation study. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1082-1095. [PMID: 33157144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel pyrazole-phenyl semicarbazone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and screened for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Given the importance of hydrogen bonding in promoting the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, pharmacophore modification was established. The docking results rationalized the idea of the design. All newly synthesized compounds exhibited excellent in vitro yeast α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 values in the range of 65.1-695.0 μM) even much more potent than standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 μM). Among them, compounds 8o displayed the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 65.1 ± 0.3 μM). Kinetic study of compound 8o revealed that it inhibited α-glucosidase in a competitive mode (Ki = 87.0 μM). Limited SAR suggested that electronic properties of substitutions have little effect on inhibitory potential of compounds. Cytotoxic studies demonstrated that the active compounds (8o, 8k, 8p, 8l, 8i, and 8a) compounds are also non-cytotoxic. The binding modes of the most potent compounds 8o, 8k, 8p, 8l and 8i was studied through in silico docking studies. Molecular dynamic simulations have been performed in order to explain the dynamic behavior and structural changes of the systems by the calculation of the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Azimi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib, 817416-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jahan B Ghasemi
- School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Azizian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Saghaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib, 817416-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib, 817416-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib, 817416-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Taha M, Uddin N, Ali M, Anouar EH, Rahim F, Khan G, Farooq RK, Gollapalli M, Iqbal N, Farooq M, Khan KM. Inhibition potential of phenyl linked benzimidazole-triazolothiadiazole modular hybrids against β-glucuronidase and their interactions thereof. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:355-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Li J, Chi G, Wang L, Wang F, He S. Isolation, identification, and inhibitory enzyme activity of phenolic substances present in Spirulina. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13356. [PMID: 32627220 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spirulina species are edible with high nutritional as well as potential therapeutic values. In this work, we show that phenolic extracts from Spirulina (p-Coumaric acid) possessed inhibitory potential on α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.67 ± 0.02 mM) and tyrosinase (IC50 = 52.71 ± 3.01 mM). Moreover, p-Coumaric acid inhibited α-glucosidase and tyrosinase in a reversible mixed-type manner. Interestingly, molecular docking demonstrated that p-Coumaric acid penetrated in depth of the active-site of tyrosinase and α-glucosidase by the noncovalent force or interaction. Among them, making polar interactions with Cu2+ ions and the amino acid residue capable of forming cation-π significantly contribute to the strong binding of p-Coumaric acid on tyrosinase. p-Coumaric acid was isolated and identified from Spirulina for the first time, which can be used as a lead compound for the design of functional food additives and skin-lightening active ingredient in cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals against type 2 diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A natural, food-derived compound possessing the potential for the development of an anti-hyperglycaemic and skin-lightening supplement is very promising in cosmetics, functional food, and pharmaceuticals against type 2 diabetes. Herein, the present study is the first to present high levels of p-Coumaric acid from Spirulina, which simultaneously possessed inhibition potential on α-glucosidase and tyrosinase. Importantly, we gained initial information about the polypeptide-inhibitor interactions and underlying mechanisms for Spirulina's therapeutic effects, which will provide the bases for developing new drugs for preventing or treating type 2 diabetes and enzyme inhibitors. Moreover, this work also demonstrates the potential of the extraction of high-value chemicals from Spirulina waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiang Chi
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Quanzhou Normal College, Quanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shansheng He
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
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15
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Kawde AN, Taha M, Alansari RS, Almandil NB, Anouar EH, Uddin N, Rahim F, Chigurupati S, Nawaz M, Hayat S, Ibrahim M, Elakurthy PK, Vijayan V, Morsy M, Ibrahim H, Baig N, Khan KM. Exploring efficacy of indole-based dual inhibitors for α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes: In silico, biochemical and kinetic studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:217-232. [PMID: 32173438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
α-Glucosidase and α-amylase are enzymes which are associated with diabetic II. These enzymes break macromolecules of sugar into monosugar molecules which is soluble in body, hence increase the sugar level in blood. There is need to develop economical and save inhibitors to prevent them from breaking sugar macromolecules to soluble molecules which will control the level of sugar in blood. Therefore, we synthesized indole-based derivatives (1-18) and evaluated as dual inhibitor for α-glucosidase and α-amylase. These chemical scaffolds were built with variation in aryl ring which were found active with good to moderate activity for α-glucosidase having IC50 value ranging from 13.99 ± 0.10 to 59.09 ± 0.30 μM when compared with standard acarbose with IC50 of 11.29 ± 0.10 μM; for α-amylase IC50 value ranging from 13.14 ± 0.10 to 58.99 ± 0.30 μM when compared with the standard acarbose with IC50 of 11.12 ± 0.10 μM. Structure activity relationship (SAR) has been established for all compounds. Enzymatic kinetic study and molecular docking study have been carried out to investigate the binding interactions α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Nasser Kawde
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raneem Saud Alansari
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - El Hassane Anouar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shawkat Hayat
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohamad Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohamed Morsy
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossieny Ibrahim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nadeem Baig
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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16
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Amin S, Ullah B, Ali M, Khan H, Rauf A, Khan SA, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. In Vitro α-glucosidase Inhibition and Computational Studies of Kaempferol Derivatives from Dryopteris cycanida. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:731-737. [PMID: 32000643 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200130161033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dryopteris cycadina has diverse traditional uses in the treatment of various human disorders which are supported by pharmacological studies. Similarly, the phytochemical studies of this plant led to the isolation of numerous compounds. METHODOLOGY The present study deals with α-glucosidase inhibition of various kaempferol derivates including kaempferol-3, 4/-di-O-α- L-rhamnopyranoside 1, kaempferol-3, 5-di-O-α-L-rhamnoside 2 and kaempferol-3,7-di-O-α- L-rhamnopyranoside 3. RESULTS The results showed marked concentration-dependent inhibition of the enzyme when assayed at different concentrations and the IC50 values of compounds 1-3 were 137±9.01, 110±7.33, and 136±1.10 mM, respectively far better than standard compound, acarbose 290±0.54 mM. The computational studies revealed strong docking scores of these compounds and augmented the in vitro assay. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the isolated kaempferol derivatives 1-3 from D. cycadina exhibited potent α- glucosidase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surriya Amin
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Barkat Ullah
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Upper Dir, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Anbar 23430, Pakistan
| | - Sher A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Upper Dir, Pakistan
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Coruna, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Synthesis, α-glycosidase inhibitory potential and molecular docking study of benzimidazole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2020; 95:103555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Polyoxometalates: Study of inhibitory kinetics and mechanism against α-glucosidase. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 199:110784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Bakherad Z, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Rezaei S, Fassihi A, Bakherad M, Rastegar H, Biglar M, Saghaie L, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. New thiosemicarbazide-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Dhameja M, Gupta P. Synthetic heterocyclic candidates as promising α-glucosidase inhibitors: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:343-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Chi G, Qi Y, Li J, Wang L, Hu J. Polyoxomolybdates as α-glucosidase inhibitors: Kinetic and molecular modeling studies. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 193:173-179. [PMID: 30776576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus is a serious global disease that is treated by inhibiting α-glucosidase to reduce the glucose content in the blood. Several incompletely satisfactory therapeutic drugs are already on the market. In this report, we showed that polyoxomolybdates based on Keggin-type architecture are promising candidates. Kinetic studies indicate that H3PMo12O40, Na4PMo11VO40, Na6PMo11FeO40 and Na7PMo11CoO40 strongly inhibit α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 6.14 ± 0.38 μM, 52.33 ± 1.41 μM, 161.90 ± 7.68 μM and 103.10 ± 2.88 μM, respectively. Moreover, H3PMo12O40, Na4PMo11VO40, and Na7PMo11CoO40 are reversible, competitive inhibitors with KI values of 0.018 mM, 0.146 mM and 0.121 mM, respectively. Na6PMo11FeO40 inhibited α-glucosidase in a reversible noncompetitive manner with KI and KIS of 0.312 mM and 0.412 mM, respectively. Molecular docking simulation suggested that H3PMo12O40 binds into the substrate binding site in accordance with competitive inhibition behavior and offered, in addition, an initial insight into the polypeptide-inhibitor interactions. This work presents a promising new perspective for designing effective α-glucosidase inhibitors and further demonstrates the enormous potential of polyoxomolybdates as enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Chi
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yanfei Qi
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Hu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
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22
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Potent in Vitro α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Secondary Metabolites Derived from Dryopteris cycadina. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030427. [PMID: 30682840 PMCID: PMC6384922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-glucosidase is responsible for the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates into simple absorbable glucose and causes postprandial hyperglycemia. α-glucosidase inhibition is thus the ideal target to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia. The present study was therefore designed to analyze the effects of various compounds isolated from Dryopteris cycadina against α-glucosidase including β-Sitosterol 1, β-Sitosterol3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside 2, 3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-2-(p-tolyl) chorman-4-one 3, Quercetin-3-0-β-d-glucopyranoside (3/→0-3///)- β-d- Quercetin -3-0- β –d-galactopyranoside 4 and 5, 7, 4/-Trihydroxyflavon-3-glucopyranoid 5. The in vitro spectrophotometric method was used for the analysis of test compounds against possible inhibition. Similarly, molecular docking studies were performed using the MOE software. These compounds showed concentration-dependent inhibition on α-glucosidase, and compounds 1 (IC50: 143 ± 0.47 µM), 3 (IC50:133 ± 6.90 µM) and 5 (IC50: 146 ± 1.93 µM) were more potent than the standard drug, acarbose (IC50: 290 ± 0.54 µM). Computational studies of these compounds strongly supported the in vitro studies and showed strong binding receptor sensitivity. In short, the secondary metabolites isolated from D. cycadina demonstrated potent α-glucosidase inhibition that were supported by molecular docking with a high docking score.
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23
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Avula SK, Khan A, Rehman NU, Anwar MU, Al-Abri Z, Wadood A, Riaz M, Csuk R, Al-Harrasi A. Synthesis of 1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives as new α-glucosidase inhibitors and their molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Khan M, Alam A, Khan KM, Salar U, Chigurupati S, Wadood A, Ali F, Mohammad JI, Riaz M, Perveen S. Flurbiprofen derivatives as novel α-amylase inhibitors: Biology-oriented drug synthesis (BIODS), in vitro, and in silico evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:157-167. [PMID: 30125730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Bharadwaj SS, Poojary B, Nandish SKM, Kengaiah J, Kirana MP, Shankar MK, Das AJ, Kulal A, Sannaningaiah D. Efficient Synthesis and in Silico Studies of the Benzimidazole Hybrid Scaffold with the Quinolinyloxadiazole Skeleton with Potential α-Glucosidase Inhibitory, Anticoagulant, and Antiplatelet Activities for Type-II Diabetes Mellitus Management and Treating Thrombotic Disorders. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12562-12574. [PMID: 30411010 PMCID: PMC6217529 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluates antidiabetic, anticoagulant, and antiplatelet activity of novel benzimidazole-containing quinolinyl oxadiazoles. These derivatives are synthesized and characterized using spectroscopy (FT-IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectroscopy) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The inhibitory effects of these compounds were evaluated by the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay and shows the activity in the range of IC50 = 0.66 ± 0.05 to 3.79 ± 0.46 μg/mL. In addition, molecular docking studies revealed that benzimidazole-containing quinolinyl oxadiazoles can correctly dock into the target receptor protein of the human intestinal α-glucosidase, while their bioavailability/drug-likeness was predicted to be acceptable but requires further optimization. On the other hand, compound 8a and 8d showed anticoagulant activity as they enhanced the clotting time from control 180-410 and 180-390 s, respectively, in platelet rich plasma and 230-460 and 230-545 s in platelet poor plasma. Furthermore, only 8a showed antiplatelet activity by inhibiting epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation, and the observed aggregation inhibition was found to be 93.4%. Compounds 8a-f show nontoxic properties because of the non-hydrolyzing properties in the RBC cells. In addition, 8a and 8d show anti-edema and anti-hemorrhagic properties in the experimental mice. These findings reveal that benzimidazole-containing quinolinyl oxadiazoles act as α-glucosidase inhibitors to develop novel therapeutics for treating type-II diabetes mellitus and can act as lead molecules in drug discovery as potential antidiabetic and antithrombotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shashidhar Bharadwaj
- Department
of Studies in Chemistry and PURSE Lab, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574 199, India
| | - Boja Poojary
- Department
of Studies in Chemistry and PURSE Lab, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574 199, India
| | - Sharath Kumar M. Nandish
- Department
of Studies and Research in Biochemistry and Centre for Bioscience
and Innovation, Tumkur University, Tumkur 572103, India
| | - Jayanna Kengaiah
- Department
of Studies and Research in Biochemistry and Centre for Bioscience
and Innovation, Tumkur University, Tumkur 572103, India
| | - Mugaranja P. Kirana
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Poornaprajna Institute
of Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560080, India
| | - Madan Kumar Shankar
- Department
of Studies in Chemistry and PURSE Lab, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574 199, India
| | - Anupam J. Das
- Department
of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli Campus, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Ananda Kulal
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Poornaprajna Institute
of Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560080, India
| | - Devaraja Sannaningaiah
- Department
of Studies and Research in Biochemistry and Centre for Bioscience
and Innovation, Tumkur University, Tumkur 572103, India
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26
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Karakılıç E, Durmuş S, Sevmezler S, Şahin O, Baran A. Regio- and stereospecific synthesis of rac-carbasugar-based cyclohexane pentols; Investigations of their α- and β-glucosidase inhibitions. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4276-4287. [PMID: 30031655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, (3aR,7aS)-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydroisobenzofuran was submitted to photooxygenation and two isomeric hydroperoxides were successfully obtained. Without any further purification, reduction of the hydroperoxides with titanium tetraisopropoxide catalyzed by dimethyl sulfide gave two alcohol isomers in high yields. After acetylation of alcohol with Ac2O in pyridine, epoxidation reaction of formed monoacetates with m-CPBA, then chromatographed and followed by hydrolysis of the acetate groups with NH3 in CH3OH resulted in the formation of epoxy alcohol isomers respectively. These epoxy alcohol isomers were subjected to trans-dihydroxylation reaction with acid (H2SO4) in the presence of water to afford triols. Acetylation of the free hydroxyl groups produced benzofuran triacetates in high yields. Ring-opening reaction of furan triacetates with sulfamic acid catalyzed in the presence of acetic acid/acetic anhydrate and subsequently hydrolysis of the acetate groups with ammonia gave the targeted cyclohexane carbasugar-based pentols. All products were separated and purified by chromatographic and crystallographic methods. Structural analyses of all compounds were conducted by spectral techniques including NMR and X-ray analyses. The biological inhibition activity of the target compounds was tested against glycosidase enzymes, α- and β-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Karakılıç
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Sedat Sevmezler
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Onur Şahin
- Application and Research Center, Sinop University, 57000 Sinop, Turkey
| | - Arif Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey.
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27
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Javid MT, Rahim F, Taha M, Rehman HU, Nawaz M, wadood A, Imran S, Uddin I, Mosaddik A, Khan KM. Synthesis, in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and molecular docking study of thiadiazole analogs. Bioorg Chem 2018; 78:201-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Taha M, Rashid U, Imran S, Ali M. Rational design of bis-indolylmethane-oxadiazole hybrids as inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3654-3663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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29
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Synthesis, in vitro
$$\alpha $$
α
-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and in silico study of (E)-thiosemicarbazones and (E)-2-(2-(arylmethylene)hydrazinyl)-4-arylthiazole derivatives. Mol Divers 2018; 22:841-861. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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30
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Oxindole based oxadiazole hybrid analogs: Novel α -glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 76:273-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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31
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Taha M, Shah SAA, Imran S, Afifi M, Chigurupati S, Selvaraj M, Rahim F, Ullah H, Zaman K, Vijayabalan S. Synthesis and in vitro study of benzofuran hydrazone derivatives as novel alpha-amylase inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:78-85. [PMID: 28918064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Taha M, Ismail NH, Zaki HM, Wadood A, Anouar EH, Imran S, Yamin BM, Rahim F, Ali M, Khan KM. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzohydrazide derivatives as antiulcer: Molecular modeling and density functional studies. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:235-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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33
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Taha M, Irshad M, Imran S, Chigurupati S, Selvaraj M, Rahim F, Ismail NH, Nawaz F, Khan KM. Synthesis of piperazine sulfonamide analogs as diabetic-II inhibitors and their molecular docking study. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:530-537. [PMID: 29102178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Taha M, Imran S, Ismail NH, Selvaraj M, Rahim F, Chigurupati S, Ullah H, Khan F, Salar U, Javid MT, Vijayabalan S, Zaman K, Khan KM. Biology-oriented drug synthesis (BIODS) of 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1 H -imidazol-1-yl)ethyl aryl ether derivatives, in vitro α -amylase inhibitory activity and in silico studies. Bioorg Chem 2017; 74:1-9. [PMID: 28719801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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35
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Synthesis, α -glucosidase inhibitory activity and in silico study of tris -indole hybrid scaffold with oxadiazole ring: As potential leads for the management of type-II diabetes mellitus. Bioorg Chem 2017; 74:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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36
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Synthesis and study of the α -amylase inhibitory potential of thiadiazole quinoline derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2017; 74:179-186. [PMID: 28826047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Noreen T, Taha M, Imran S, Chigurupati S, Rahim F, Selvaraj M, Ismail NH, Mohammad JI, Ullah H, javid MT, Nawaz F, Irshad M, Ali M. Synthesis of alpha amylase inhibitors based on privileged indole scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2017; 72:248-255. [PMID: 28482265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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38
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Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel amide linked triazolyl glycoconjugates as new inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Bioorg Chem 2017; 72:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Baharudin MS, Taha M, Imran S, Ismail NH, Rahim F, Javid MT, Khan KM, Ali M. Synthesis of indole analogs as potent β-glucuronidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2017; 72:323-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Taha M, Baharudin MS, Ismail NH, Selvaraj M, Salar U, Alkadi KA, Khan KM. Synthesis and in silico studies of novel sulfonamides having oxadiazole ring: As β -glucuronidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2017; 71:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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42
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Zawawi NKNA, Taha M, Ahmat N, Ismail NH, Wadood A, Rahim F. Synthesis, molecular docking studies of hybrid benzimidazole as α -glucosidase inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2017; 70:184-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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43
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A novel class of α-glucosidase and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors from Ganoderma leucocontextum and the anti-diabetic properties of ganomycin I in KK-A y mice. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:1035-1046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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44
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Imran S, Taha M, Ismail NH, Fayyaz S, Khan KM, Choudhary MI. Synthesis of novel bisindolylmethanes: New carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors, docking, and 3D pharmacophore studies. Bioorg Chem 2016; 68:90-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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In silico binding analysis and SAR elucidations of newly designed benzopyrazine analogs as potent inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase. Bioorg Chem 2016; 68:80-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Taha M, Ismail NH, Imran S, Wadood A, Rahim F, Al Muqarrabin LMR, Zaki HM, Ahmat N, Nasir A, Khan F. Synthesis of novel disulfide and sulfone hybrid scaffolds as potent β-glucuronidase inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2016; 68:15-22. [PMID: 27414468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel series of disulfide and sulfone hybrid analogs (1-20) were synthesized and characterized through EI-MS and (1)H NMR and evaluated for β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential. All synthesized analogs except 13 and 15 showed excellent β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential with IC50 value ranging in between 2.20-88.16μM as compared to standard d-saccharic acid 1,4 lactone (48.4±1.25μM). Analogs 19, 16, 4, 1, 17, 6, 10, 3, 18, 2, 11, 14 and 5 showed many fold potent activity against β-glucuronidase inhibitor. Structure activity relationship showed that substitution of electron withdrawing groups at ortho as well as para position on phenyl ring increase potency. Electron withdrawing groups at meta position on phenyl ring showed slightly low potency as compared to ortho and para position. The binding interactions were confirmed through molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Syahrul Imran
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Depatment of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Laode Muhammad Ramadhan Al Muqarrabin
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Hamizah Mohd Zaki
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Norizan Ahmat
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Abdul Nasir
- Depatment of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Khan
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Sudhamani H, Thaslim Basha SK, Adam S, Madhusudhana S, Usha Rani A, Naga Raju C. Synthesis and evaluation of urea and thiourea derivatives of lopinavir intermediate as potent antimicrobial, antioxidant agents and molecular docking studies against Staphopain. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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48
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Taha M, Sultan S, Nuzar HA, Rahim F, Imran S, Ismail NH, Naz H, Ullah H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel N-arylidenequinoline-3-carbohydrazides as potent β-glucuronidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3696-704. [PMID: 27312423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thirty N-arylidenequinoline-3-carbohydrazides (1-30) have been synthesized and evaluated against β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential. Twenty four analogs showed outstanding β-glucuronidase activity having IC50 values ranging between 2.11±0.05 and 46.14±0.95 than standard d-saccharic acid 1,4 lactone (IC50=48.4±1.25μM). Six analogs showed good β-glucuronidase activity having IC50 values ranging between 49.38±0.90 and 80.10±1.80. Structure activity relationship and the interaction of the active compounds and enzyme active site with the help of docking studies were established. Our study identifies novel series of potent β-glucuronidase inhibitors for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D. E., Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science UiTM, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sadia Sultan
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D. E., Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Tecknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Herizal Ali Nuzar
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D. E., Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Tecknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Syahrul Imran
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D. E., Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science UiTM, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D. E., Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science UiTM, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Humera Naz
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D. E., Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Tecknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hayat Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
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