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Wang Y, Gui J. Bioinspired Skeletal Reorganization Approach for the Synthesis of Steroid Natural Products. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 38301249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusSteroids, termed "keys to life" by Rupert Witzmann, have a wide variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antishock, immunosuppressive, stress-response-enhancing, and antifertility activities, and steroid research has made great contributions to drug discovery and development. According to a chart compiled by the Njardarson group at the University of Arizona, 15 of the top 200 small-molecule drugs (by retail sales in 2022) are steroid-related compounds. Therefore, synthetic and medicinal chemists have long pursued the chemical synthesis of steroid natural products (SNPs) with diverse architectures, and vital progress has been achieved, especially in the twentieth century. In fact, several chemists have been rewarded with a Nobel Prize for original contributions to the isolation of steroids, the elucidation of their structures and biosynthetic pathways, and their chemical synthesis. However, in contrast to classical steroids, which have a 6/6/6/5-tetracyclic framework, rearranged steroids (i.e., abeo-steroids and secosteroids), which are derived from classical steroids by reorganization of one or more C-C bonds of the tetracyclic skeleton, have started to gain attention from the synthetic community only in the last two decades. These unique rearranged steroids have complex frameworks with high oxidation states, are rich in stereogenic centers, and have attractive biological activities, rendering them popular yet formidable synthetic targets.Our group has a strong interest in the efficient synthesis of SNPs and, drawing inspiration from nature, we have found that bioinspired skeletal reorganization (BSR) is an efficient strategy for synthesizing challenging rearranged steroids. Using this strategy, we recently achieved concise syntheses of five different kinds of SNPs (cyclocitrinols, propindilactone G, bufospirostenin A, pinnigorgiol B, and sarocladione) with considerably rearranged skeletons; our work also enabled us to reassign the originally proposed structure of sarocladione. In this Account, we summarize the proposed biosyntheses of these SNPs and describe our BSR approach for the rapid construction of their core frameworks. In the work described herein, information gleaned from the proposed biosyntheses allowed us to develop routes for chemical synthesis. However, in several cases, the synthetic precursors that we used for our BSR approach differed substantially from the intermediates in the proposed biosyntheses, indicating the considerable challenges we encountered during this synthetic campaign. It is worth mentioning that during our pursuit of concise and scalable syntheses of these natural products, we developed two methods for accessing synthetically challenging targets: a method for rapid construction of bridged-ring molecules by means of point-to-planar chirality transfer and a method for efficient construction of macrocyclic molecules via a novel ruthenium-catalyzed endoperoxide fragmentation. Our syntheses vividly demonstrate that consideration of natural product biosynthesis can greatly facilitate chemical synthesis, and we expect that the BSR approach will find additional applications in the efficient syntheses of other structurally complex steroid and terpenoid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinghan Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Matsumura T, Nishikawa T, Nakazaki A. Total Synthesis of 19-Nordigitoxigenin, An Antiaroside Y Aglycon. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15142-15150. [PMID: 37824414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of 19-nordigitoxigenin, an aglycon of antiroside Y, has been achieved. The key steps of our synthesis are (i) construction of the 19-norsteroid ring system via a Mizoroki-Heck reaction between a bromoanisole corresponding to the A-ring and cyclic alkene incorporating the CD-rings, followed by a Friedel-Crafts-type cyclodehydration, and (ii) incorporation of the butenolide moiety at C17 via a silyl-tethered radical cyclization and subsequent ozone oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Matsumura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Toshio Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakazaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
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3
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Watanabe Y, Morozumi H, Mutoh H, Hagiwara K, Inoue M. Total Synthesis of (-)-Batrachotoxin Enabled by a Pd/Ag-Promoted Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309688. [PMID: 37582693 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Batrachotoxin is an extremely potent cardio- and neurotoxic steroidal alkaloid found in certain species of frogs, birds, and beetles. The steroidal 6/6/6/5-membered carbocycle (ABCD-ring) is U-shaped and functionalized with two double bonds, a six-membered C3-hemiacetal across the AB-ring, a seven-membered oxazepane on the CD-ring, and a dimethylpyrrolecarboxy group at the D-ring carbon chain. These structural features present an unusual and formidable synthetic challenge. Herein we report a total synthesis of batrachotoxin based on a newly devised convergent strategy through a 22-step sequence. Enantiopure AB-ring and D-ring fragments were prepared and subjected to a crucial C(sp2 )-C(sp2 ) coupling reaction. Although both C(sp2 ) centers were sterically encumbered by proximal tetrasubstituted carbon atoms, Ag2 O strongly promoted the Pd(PPh3 )4 -catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction at room temperature, thereby connecting the two fragments without damaging their preexisting functionalities. Subsequent treatment with t-BuOK induced Dieckmann condensation to cyclize the C-ring. The judiciously optimized functionalizations realized oxazepane formation, carbon chain extension, and pyrrole carboxylic acid condensation to deliver batrachotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Morozumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mutoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Abstract
ConspectusSteroids continue to play a significant role in organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and drug discovery due to their important biological activities and diverse intriguing structures. Although synthetic organic chemists have successfully constructed and elaborated the classical [6-6-6-5] tetracyclic steroid skeleton for nearly a century, synthesis of the unusual rearranged steroids, particularly abeo-steroids with a medium-sized ring, remains a challenge in the synthetic community. Furthermore, the structures of abeo-steroids are complex and diverse, containing a seven-membered ring embedded in the fused or bridged A/B ring system and possessing numerous stereogenic centers. Besides their structural complexity, various abeo-steroids have shown remarkable biological activities. However, the relative scarcity of abeo-steroids in natural sources has impeded the systematic evaluation of their biological activities. In addition, direct strategies to build the core structures of abeo-steroids are very rare, partially because of the high ring-strain energies of their rearranged A/B ring systems. Therefore, the development of direct and efficient synthetic approaches to these complex molecules is highly desired.Our long-standing interest in the total synthesis of abeo-steroids and the development of new cycloaddition reactions for streamlining complex molecule synthesis have led us to develop a series of unique and powerful intramolecular cycloaddition strategies to access a diverse array of highly strained abeo-steroids. These strategies include Ru-catalyzed [5 + 2] cycloaddition, acid-promoted type I [5 + 2] cycloaddition, Rh-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition, and type II [5 + 2] cycloaddition. Since 2018, we have accomplished the first total syntheses of five synthetically challenging abeo-steroids, i.e., bufogargarizins A and B, phomarol, bufospirostenin A, and cyclocitrinol, thus facilitating the evaluation of their pharmacological potentials. In this Account, we summarize our laboratory's systematic efforts in the total synthesis of these abeo-steroids via cycloaddition strategies. We highlight the efficiency and versatility of each cycloaddition strategy for constructing structurally complex abeo-steroid cores by forming the A/B ring system. The evolution of each strategy and key lessons learned from the synthetic journey are also discussed. We believe that our unique perspective in this field will promote advances in the total synthesis of abeo- and related steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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5
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Zhou Z, Xu D, Jiang W, Chen J, Zhen Y, Huo J, Yan J, Gao J, Xie W. Convergent Synthesis of Enantioenriched ortho-Fused Tricyclic Diketones via Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Vinylogous Aldol Condensation. Org Lett 2022; 24:9017-9022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyang Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhan Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanxia Zhen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiyou Huo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiahang Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiqing Xie
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Identification of a Cardiac Glycoside Exhibiting Favorable Brain Bioavailability and Potency for Reducing Levels of the Cellular Prion Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314823. [PMID: 36499150 PMCID: PMC9736291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strands of investigation have established that a reduction in the levels of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a promising avenue for the treatment of prion diseases. We recently described an indirect approach for reducing PrPC levels that targets Na,K-ATPases (NKAs) with cardiac glycosides (CGs), causing cells to respond with the degradation of these pumps and nearby molecules, including PrPC. Because the therapeutic window of widely used CGs is narrow and their brain bioavailability is low, we set out to identify a CG with improved pharmacological properties for this indication. Starting with the CG known as oleandrin, we combined in silico modeling of CG binding poses within human NKA folds, CG structure-activity relationship (SAR) data, and predicted blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrance scores to identify CG derivatives with improved characteristics. Focusing on C4'-dehydro-oleandrin as a chemically accessible shortlisted CG derivative, we show that it reaches four times higher levels in the brain than in the heart one day after subcutaneous administration, exhibits promising pharmacological properties, and suppresses steady-state PrPC levels by 84% in immortalized human cells that have been differentiated to acquire neural or astrocytic characteristics. Finally, we validate that the mechanism of action of this approach for reducing cell surface PrPC levels requires C4'-dehydro-oleandrin to engage with its cognate binding pocket within the NKA α subunit. The improved brain bioavailability of C4'-dehydro-oleandrin, combined with its relatively low toxicity, make this compound an attractive lead for brain CG indications and recommends its further exploration for the treatment of prion diseases.
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Ikeuchi K, Haraguchi S, Yamada H, Tanino K. Model Synthetic Study of Tutin, a Picrotoxane-Type Sesquiterpene: Stereoselective Construction of a cis-Fused 5,6-Ring Skeleton. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:435-442. [PMID: 35650040 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Picrotoxinin, coriamyrtin, and tutin are representative natural products classified as picrotoxane-type sesquiterpenes and they function as strong neurotoxins. Because they possess a cis-fused 5,6-ring skeleton with a highly congested functionalization, organic chemistry researchers have pursued the development of a stereoselective synthesis method for such skeleton. This study aims to stereoselectively synthesize the cis-fused 5,6-ring skeleton with two tetrasubstituted carbons at both angular positions using a model compound. The results revealed that the desymmetrization of the 2-methyl-1,3-cyclopentanedione moiety via the DL-proline-mediated intramolecular aldol reaction of a pentanal derivative bearing an isopropenyl group and the five-membered ring at the 3- and 5-position, respectively, provided the desired cis-fused skeleton. This reaction can construct four contiguous stereogenic centers of the bicyclic skeleton with the two angular positions in good yield with high stereoselectivity. Further, this reaction was applied to the kinetic resolution of the racemate using L-proline, providing the enantiomeric pure aldol product with the desired skeleton. This method can be utilized for total synthesis of picrotoxane-type sesquiterpenes.
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Abstract
This article describes a concise synthesis of cardiotonic steroids oleandrigenin (7) and its subsequent elaboration into the natural product rhodexin B (2) from the readily available intermediate (8) that could be derived from the commercially available steroids testosterone or DHEA via three-step sequences. These studies feature an expedient installation of the β16-oxidation based on β14-hydroxyl-directed epoxidation and subsequent epoxide rearrangement. The following singlet oxygen oxidation of the C17 furan moiety provides access to oleandrigenin (7) in 12 steps (LLS) and a 3.1% overall yield from 8. The synthetic oleandrigenin (7) was successfully glycosylated with l-rhamnopyranoside-based donor 28 using a Pd(II)-catalyst, and the subsequent deprotection under acidic conditions provided cytotoxic natural product rhodexin B (2) in a 66% yield (two steps).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fejedelem
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nolan Carney
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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9
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Wang Z, Hui C. Contemporary advancements in the semi-synthesis of bioactive terpenoids and steroids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3791-3812. [PMID: 33949606 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00448d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many natural products have intriguing biological properties that arise from their fascinating chemical structures. However, the intrinsic complexity of the structural skeleton and the reactive functional groups on natural products pose tremendous challenges to chemical syntheses. Semi-synthesis uses chemical compounds isolated from natural sources as the starting materials to produce other novel compounds with distinct chemical and medicinal properties. In particular, advancements in various types of sp3 C-H bond functionalization reactions and skeletal rearrangement methods have contributed to the re-emergence of semi-synthesis as an efficient approach for the synthesis of structurally complex bioactive natural products. Here, we begin with a brief discussion of several bioactive natural products that were obtained via a semi-synthetic approach between 2008 and 2015 and we then discuss in-depth contemporary advancements in the semi-synthesis of bioactive terpenoids and steroids reported during 2016-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Southern University of Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunngai Hui
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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10
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Abstract
We report a unified total synthesis of five bufadienolides: bufalin (1), bufogenin B (2), bufotalin (3), vulgarobufotoxin (4), and 3-(N-succinyl argininyl) bufotalin (5). After the steroidal ABCD ring 8 was produced, the D ring was cross-coupled with a 2-pyrone moiety and stereoselectively epoxidized to generate 6. TMSOTf promoted a stereospecific 1,2-hydride shift from 6 to establish the β-oriented 2-pyrone of 19. Functional group manipulations from 19 furnished 1-5, which potently inhibited cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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11
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Gong J, Li J, Chen X, Zhang H, Zhu L, Bu D, Wang Q, Feng J, Wu Q, Zhu D. Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,2-Disubstituted Cyclopentane-1,3-diols via Stepwise Ketone Reduction Enabling Concise Chirality Construction. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9599-9606. [PMID: 32668161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2,2-disubstituted trans,cis-cyclopentane-1,3-diols were synthesized in >99% dr through enzymatic reduction of enantiopure 2,2-disubstituted 3-hydroxycyclopentane-1-ones, which were prepared by highly stereoselective enzymatic reduction of the corresponding cyclodiketones. For 2-benzyl-2-methyl-3-oxocyclopentyl acetate, acetylation of the hydroxyl group significantly affected the reduction stereoselectivity, giving trans,cis-, trans,trans-, and cis,cis-2-benzyl-2-methyl-cyclopentane-1,3-diols in stereomerically pure form. This efficient and environmentally friendly method provides a practical approach to the synthesis of these chiral building blocks in single stereoisomeric form, demonstrating the power of biocatalysis in the concise chirality construction of complex chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Gong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jianjiong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hongliu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Liangyan Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Dandan Bu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
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12
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Michalak K, Rárová L, Kubala M, Štenclová T, Strnad M, Wicha J. Synthesis and evaluation of Na +/K +-ATP-ase inhibiting and cytotoxic in vitro activities of oleandrigenin and its selected 17β-(butenolidyl)- and 17β-(3-furyl)- analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112520. [PMID: 32645647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural cardiac-active principles built upon the 14,16β-dihydroxy-5β,14β-androstane core and bearing a heterocyclic substituent at 17β, in particular, a cardenolide - oleandrin and a bufadienolide - bufotalin, are receiving a great deal of attention as potential anticancer drugs. The densely substituted and sterically shielded ring D is the particular structural feature of these compounds. The first synthesis of oleandrigenin from easily available steroid starting material is reported here. Furthermore, selected 17β-(4-butenolidyl)- and 17β-(3-furyl)-14,16β-dihydroxy-androstane derivatives were en route synthesized and examined for their Na+/K+-ATP-ase inhibitory properties as well as cytotoxic activities in normal and cancer cell lines. It was found that the furyl-analogue of oleandrigenin/bufatalin (7) and some related 17-(3-furyl)- derivatives (19, 21) show remarkably high Na+/K+-ATP-ase inhibitory activity as well as significant cytotoxicity in vitro. In addition, oleandrigenin 2 compared to derivatives 21 and 25 induced strong apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells after 24 h of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, CZ-775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kubala
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 41, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Štenclová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, CZ-775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jerzy Wicha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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Khatri HR, Carney N, Rutkoski R, Bhattarai B, Nagorny P. Recent Progress in Steroid Synthesis Triggered by the Emergence of New Catalytic Methods. European J Org Chem 2020; 2020:755-776. [PMID: 32601521 PMCID: PMC7324020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rich biology associated with steroids dictates a growing demand for the new synthetic strategies that would improve the access to natural and unnatural representatives of this family. The recent advances in the field of catalysis have greatly impacted the field of natural product synthesis including the synthesis of steroids. This article provides a short overview of the recent progress in the synthesis of steroids that was enabled by the advances in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Raj Khatri
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nolan Carney
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ryan Rutkoski
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bijay Bhattarai
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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14
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Recent Progress in Steroid Synthesis Triggered by the Emergence of New Catalytic Methods. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Fu S, Liu B. Recent progress in the synthesis of limonoids and limonoid-like natural products. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in syntheses of limonoids and limonoid-like natural products is reviewed. The current “state-of-art” advance on novel synthetic strategy are summarized and future outlook will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry &Technology of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry &Technology of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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16
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Michalak K, Rárová L, Kubala M, Čechová P, Strnad M, Wicha J. Synthesis and evaluation of cytotoxic and Na+/K+-ATP-ase inhibitory activity of selected 5α-oleandrigenin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:417-429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Urabe D, Inoue M. Convergent Total Synthesis of Bioactive Cardenolides. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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18
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Khatri HR, Bhattarai B, Kaplan W, Li Z, Curtis Long MJ, Aye Y, Nagorny P. Modular Total Synthesis and Cell-Based Anticancer Activity Evaluation of Ouabagenin and Other Cardiotonic Steroids with Varying Degrees of Oxygenation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4849-4860. [PMID: 30802047 PMCID: PMC6516474 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A Cu(II)-catalyzed diastereoselective Michael/aldol cascade approach is used to accomplish concise total syntheses of cardiotonic steroids with varying degrees of oxygenation including cardenolides ouabagenin, sarmentologenin, 19-hydroxysarmentogenin, and 5- epi-panogenin. These syntheses enabled the subsequent structure activity relationship (SAR) studies on 37 synthetic and natural steroids to elucidate the effect of oxygenation, stereochemistry, C3-glycosylation, and C17-heterocyclic ring. Based on this parallel evaluation of synthetic and natural steroids and their derivatives, glycosylated steroids cannogenol-l-α-rhamnoside (79a), strophanthidol-l-α-rhamnoside (92), and digitoxigenin-l-α-rhamnoside (97) were identified as the most potent steroids demonstrating broad anticancer activity at 10-100 nM concentrations and selectivity (nontoxic at 3 μM against NIH-3T3, MEF, and developing fish embryos). Further analyses indicate that these molecules show a general mode of anticancer activity involving DNA-damage upregulation that subsequently induces apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Raj Khatri
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Bijay Bhattarai
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Will Kaplan
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Nankai, People Republic of China
| | | | - Yimon Aye
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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19
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Fan JH, Hu YJ, Guo Q, Li S, Zhao J, Li CC. Asymmetric synthesis of the tetracyclic core of bufogargarizin C by an intramolecular [5 + 2] cycloaddition. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A concise asymmetric synthesis of the synthetically challenging 7/5/6/5-tetracyclic core of bufogargarizin C by a unique intramolecular [5 + 2] cycloaddition was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Fan
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
| | - Ya-Jian Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
| | - Qiang Guo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Shaoping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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20
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Shiina I, Miesch M, Peter C, Geoffroy P, Murata T, Tonoi T. Diastereo–/Enantioselective Diels–Alder Synthesis of 14β-Hydroxysteroid Scaffolds: A Combined Experimental and DFT Study. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Urabe D, Nakagawa Y, Mukai K, Fukushima KI, Aoki N, Itoh H, Nagatomo M, Inoue M. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 19-Hydroxysarmentogenin-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside, Trewianin, and Their Aglycons. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13888-13910. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Urabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ken Mukai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Fukushima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoto Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagatomo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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22
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Lu Z, Zhang X, Guo Z, Chen Y, Mu T, Li A. Total Synthesis of Aplysiasecosterol A. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9211-9218. [PMID: 29939021 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aplysiasecosterol A (1) is a structurally unusual 9,11-secosteroid isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai. We have accomplished the first and asymmetric total synthesis of 1 in a convergent fashion. The left-hand segment bearing three adjacent stereocenters was constructed through desymmetrizing reduction, ketalization, and radical cyclization. A strategy of asymmetric 2-bromoallylation followed by spontaneous desymmetrizing lactolization enabled a more expeditious access to this segment. The right-hand segment was prepared through two different approaches: one featuring Myers alkylation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and the other relying upon Aggarwal lithiation-borylation and Zweifel-Evans olefination. The two fragments were coupled by a Reformatsky type reaction. The three consecutive stereocenters embedded in the central domain of 1 were generated by an iron-mediated, hydrogen atom transfer based radical cyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Zhicong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Tong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
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23
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Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C, Landais Y, Timokhin VI. Thirty Years of (TMS)3SiH: A Milestone in Radical-Based Synthetic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6516-6572. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Yannick Landais
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351 cours de la libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Vitaliy I. Timokhin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
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24
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Tao DJ, Slutskyy Y, Muuronen M, Le A, Kohler P, Overman LE. Total Synthesis of (-)-Chromodorolide B By a Computationally-Guided Radical Addition/Cyclization/Fragmentation Cascade. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3091-3102. [PMID: 29412658 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of a chromodorolide marine diterpenoid is described. The core of the diterpenoid is constructed by a bimolecular radical addition/cyclization/fragmentation cascade that unites two complex fragments and forms two C-C bonds and four contiguous stereogenic centers of (-)-chromodorolide B in a single step. This coupling step is initiated by visible-light photocatalytic fragmentation of a redox-active ester, which can be accomplished in the presence of an iridium or a less-precious electron-rich dicyanobenzene photocatalyst, and employs equimolar amounts of the two addends. Computational studies guided the development of this central step of the synthesis and provide insight into the origin of the observed stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Yuriy Slutskyy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Mikko Muuronen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Alexander Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Philipp Kohler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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25
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Bhattarai B, Nagorny P. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Cannogenol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside via Sequential Cu(II)-Catalyzed Michael Addition/Intramolecular Aldol Cyclization Reactions. Org Lett 2017; 20:154-157. [PMID: 29244520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A concise and scalable enantioselective total synthesis of the natural cardenolides cannogenol and cannogenol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside has been achieved in 18 linear steps. The synthesis features a Cu(II)-catalyzed enantioselective and diastereoselective Michael reaction/tandem aldol cyclization and a one-pot reduction/transposition, which resulted in a rapid (6 linear steps) assembly of a functionalized intermediate containing C19 oxygenation that could be elaborated to cardenolide cannogenol. In addition, a strategy for achieving regio- and stereoselective glycosylation at the C3 position of synthetic cannogenol was developed and applied to the preparation of cannogenol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Bhattarai
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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26
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Sakata K, Wang Y, Urabe D, Inoue M. Synthesis of the Tetracyclic Structure of Batrachotoxin Enabled by Bridgehead Radical Coupling and Pd/Ni-Promoted Ullmann Reaction. Org Lett 2017; 20:130-133. [PMID: 29232148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The steroidal ABCD-ring system of the potent neurotoxin batrachotoxin was efficiently assembled in a convergent fashion. Bridgehead radical coupling between the simple AB-ring and D-ring fragments (3 and 4) formed the sterically congested linkage at the C9-oxygen-attached tetrasubstituted carbon. The C-ring was then cyclized by the Pd/Ni-promoted Ullmann reaction of the vinyl triflate and vinyl bromide of 19, giving rise to tetracyclic structure 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komei Sakata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yinghua Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Urabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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27
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Bernhard Y, Thomson B, Ferey V, Sauthier M. Nickel-Catalyzed α-Allylation of Aldehydes and Tandem Aldol Condensation/Allylation Reaction with Allylic Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Bernhard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; 59000 Lille France
| | - Brodie Thomson
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; 59000 Lille France
| | - Vincent Ferey
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Development; SANOFI; 371 rue du Professeur Blayac 34184 Montpellier Cedex 04 France
| | - Mathieu Sauthier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; 59000 Lille France
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28
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Bernhard Y, Thomson B, Ferey V, Sauthier M. Nickel-Catalyzed α-Allylation of Aldehydes and Tandem Aldol Condensation/Allylation Reaction with Allylic Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7460-7464. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Bernhard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; 59000 Lille France
| | - Brodie Thomson
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; 59000 Lille France
| | - Vincent Ferey
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Development; SANOFI; 371 rue du Professeur Blayac 34184 Montpellier Cedex 04 France
| | - Mathieu Sauthier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; 59000 Lille France
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29
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Michalak M, Michalak K, Wicha J. The synthesis of cardenolide and bufadienolide aglycones, and related steroids bearing a heterocyclic subunit. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:361-410. [PMID: 28378871 DOI: 10.1039/c6np00107f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Covering: early studies through to March 2016Cardenolides and bufadienolides constitute an attractive class of biologically active steroid derivatives which have been used for the treatment of heart disease in traditional remedies as well as in modern medicinal therapy. Due to their application as therapeutic agents and their unique molecular structures, bearing unsaturated 5- or 6-membered lactones (or other heterocycles) attached to the steroid core, cardio-active steroids have received great attention, which has intensified during the last decade, in the synthetic organic community. Advances in the field of cross-coupling reactions have provided a powerful tool for the attachment of lactone subunits to the steroid core. This current review covers a methodological analysis of synthetic efforts to cardenolide and bufadienolide aglycones. Special emphasis is given to cross-coupling reactions applied for the attachment of lactone subunits at sterically very hindered positions of the steroid core. The carefully selected partial and total syntheses of representative cardio-active steroids will also be presented to exemplify recent achievements (improvements) in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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30
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Abstract
This review defines symmetric molecules from a synthetic perspective and shows various strategies that take advantage of molecular symmetry to construct them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ju Bai
- Department of Chemistry
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Xiqing Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
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31
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Mizoguchi H. Recent Developments in Synthetic Strategies toward Highly Oxygenated Steroids Cardenolides. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2017. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.75.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Michalak K, Morawiak M, Wicha J. Synthetic Approach to the Core Structure of Oleandrin and Related Cardiac Glycosides with Highly Functionalized Ring D. Org Lett 2016; 18:6148-6151. [PMID: 27934370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first synthetic approach to the core structure of cardiac glycoside oleandrin exhibiting a potent cytotoxic activity, starting from a common androstane derivative, has been accomplished. The synthesis is focused on stereoselective transformations in the densely substituted and sterically shielded five-membered ring (steroid ring D). The developed synthesis paves a route to the synthesis of related bufadienolides, i.e., constituents of traditional drug Ch'an Su, bufotalin, and cinobufagin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maja Morawiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wicha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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33
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Peter C, Ressault B, Geoffroy P, Miesch M. Concise Approach to (ent)-14 β-Hydroxysteroids through Highly Diastereo-/Enantioselective Diels-Alder Reactions. Chemistry 2016; 22:10808-12. [PMID: 27192692 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
14β-Hydroxysteroids, especially 14β-hydroxyandrostane derivatives are closely related to the cardenolide skeletons. The latter were readily available through highly diastero/enantioselective Diels-Alder (DA) reactions requiring high pressure or Lewis acid activation. Moreover, in the presence of (R)- or (S)-carvone as a chiral dienophile, the DA-reaction takes place under chemodivergent parallel kinetic resolution control affording highly enantiomerically enriched 14β-hydroxysteroid derivatives or the corresponding (ent)-14β-hydroxysteroid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Peter
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie - UMR 7177, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, BP296/R8-67008, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Blandine Ressault
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie - UMR 7177, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, BP296/R8-67008, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Geoffroy
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie - UMR 7177, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, BP296/R8-67008, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Michel Miesch
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie - UMR 7177, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, BP296/R8-67008, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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34
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Kaplan W, Khatri HR, Nagorny P. Concise Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Cardiotonic Steroids 19-Hydroxysarmentogenin and Trewianin Aglycone. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7194-8. [PMID: 27232585 PMCID: PMC5015484 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The expedient and scalable approach to cardiotonic steroids carrying oxygenation at the C11- and C19-positions has been developed and applied to the total asymmetric synthesis of steroids 19-hydroxysarmentogenin and trewianin aglycone as well as to the assembly of the panogenin core. This new approach features enantioselective organocatalytic oxidation of an aldehyde, diastereoselective Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed Michael reaction/tandem aldol cyclizations, and one-pot reduction/transposition reactions allowing a rapid (7 linear steps) assembly of a functionalized cardenolide skeleton. The ability to quickly set this steroidal core with preinstalled functional handles and diversity elements eliminates the need for difficult downstream functionalizations and substantially improves the accessibility to the entire class of cardenolides and their derivatives for biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Kaplan
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Hem Raj Khatri
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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35
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Zhu D, Yu B. Total Synthesis of Linckosides A and B, the Representative Starfish Polyhydroxysteroid Glycosides with Neuritogenic Activities. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15098-101. [PMID: 26595819 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Linckosides A and B, two starfish metabolites with promising neuritogenic activities, are synthesized in a longest linear sequence of 32 steps and 0.5% overall yield; this represents the first synthesis of members of the polyhydroxysteroid glycoside family, which occur widely in starfishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032, China
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36
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Cichowicz NR, Kaplan W, Khomutnyk Y, Bhattarai B, Sun Z, Nagorny P. Concise Enantioselective Synthesis of Oxygenated Steroids via Sequential Copper(II)-Catalyzed Michael Addition/Intramolecular Aldol Cyclization Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14341-8. [PMID: 26491886 PMCID: PMC4651737 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A new scalable enantioselective approach to functionalized oxygenated steroids is described. This strategy is based on chiral bis(oxazoline) copper(II) complex-catalyzed enantioselective and diastereoselective Michael reactions of cyclic ketoesters and enones to install vicinal quaternary and tertiary stereocenters. In addition, the utility of copper(II) salts as highly active catalysts for the Michael reactions of traditionally unreactive β,β'-enones and substituted β,β'-ketoesters that results in unprecedented Michael adducts containing vicinal all-carbon quaternary centers is also demonstrated. The Michael adducts subsequently undergo base-promoted diastereoselective aldol cascade reactions resulting in the natural or unnatural steroid skeletons. The experimental and computational studies suggest that the torsional strain effects arising from the presence of the Δ(5)-unsaturation are key controlling elements for the formation of the natural cardenolide scaffold. The described method enables expedient generation of polycyclic molecules including modified steroidal scaffolds as well as challenging-to-synthesize Hajos-Parrish and Wieland-Miescher ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Cichowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Will Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yaroslav Khomutnyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bijay Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Zhankui Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Li H, Mazet C. Catalyst-Directed Diastereoselective Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols for the Stereoselective Construction of C(20) in Steroid Side Chains: Scope and Topological Diversification. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10720-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Houhua Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest
Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clément Mazet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest
Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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