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Raju G, Nayak S, Acharya N, Sunder M, Kistenev Y, Mazumder N. Exploring the future of regenerative medicine: Unveiling the potential of optical microscopy for structural and functional imaging of stem cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300360. [PMID: 38168892 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, which utilizes stem cells for tissue and organ repair, holds immense promise in healthcare. A comprehensive understanding of stem cell characteristics is crucial to unlock their potential. This study explores the pivotal role of optical microscopy in advancing regenerative medicine as a potent tool for stem cell research. Advanced optical microscopy techniques enable an in-depth examination of stem cell behavior, morphology, and functionality. The review encompasses current optical microscopy, elucidating its capabilities and constraints in stem cell imaging, while also shedding light on emerging technologies for improved stem cell visualization. Optical microscopy, complemented by techniques like fluorescence and multiphoton imaging, enhances our comprehension of stem cell dynamics. The introduction of label-free imaging facilitates noninvasive, real-time stem cell monitoring without external dyes or markers. By pushing the boundaries of optical microscopy, researchers reveal the intricate cellular mechanisms underpinning regenerative processes, thereby advancing more effective therapeutic strategies. The current study not only outlines the future of regenerative medicine but also underscores the pivotal role of optical microscopy in both structural and functional stem cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Raju
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Smitha Nayak
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Neha Acharya
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mridula Sunder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Yury Kistenev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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2
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Mehta N, Shaik S, Prasad A, Chaichi A, Sahu SP, Liu Q, Hasan SMA, Sheikh E, Donnarumma F, Murray KK, Fu X, Devireddy R, Gartia MR. Multimodal Label-Free Monitoring of Adipogenic Stem Cell Differentiation Using Endogenous Optical Biomarkers. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2103955. [PMID: 34924914 PMCID: PMC8680429 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202103955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies carry significant promise for treating human diseases. However, clinical translation of stem cell transplants for effective treatment requires precise non-destructive evaluation of the purity of stem cells with high sensitivity (<0.001% of the number of cells). Here, a novel methodology using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with spectral angle mapping-based machine learning analysis is reported to distinguish differentiating human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) from control stem cells. The spectral signature of adipogenesis generated by the HSI method enables identifying differentiated cells at single-cell resolution. The label-free HSI method is compared with the standard techniques such as Oil Red O staining, fluorescence microscopy, and qPCR that are routinely used to evaluate adipogenic differentiation of hASCs. HSI is successfully used to assess the abundance of adipocytes derived from transplanted cells in a transgenic mice model. Further, Raman microscopy and multiphoton-based metabolic imaging is performed to provide complementary information for the functional imaging of the hASCs. Finally, the HSI method is validated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging of the stem cells. The study presented here demonstrates that multimodal imaging methods enable label-free identification of stem cell differentiation with high spatial and chemical resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishir Mehta
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Shahensha Shaik
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Alisha Prasad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ardalan Chaichi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sushant P Sahu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Qianglin Liu
- LSU AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Syed Mohammad Abid Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Elnaz Sheikh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Fabrizio Donnarumma
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kermit K Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Xing Fu
- LSU AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ram Devireddy
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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3
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Parodi V, Jacchetti E, Bresci A, Talone B, Valensise CM, Osellame R, Cerullo G, Polli D, Raimondi MT. Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation within Miniaturized 3D Scaffolds through Advanced Microscopy Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8498. [PMID: 33187392 PMCID: PMC7696107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional culture systems and suitable substrates topographies demonstrated to drive stem cell fate in vitro by mechanical conditioning. For example, the Nichoid 3D scaffold remodels stem cells and shapes nuclei, thus promoting stem cell expansion and stemness maintenance. However, the mechanisms involved in force transmission and in biochemical signaling at the basis of fate determination are not yet clear. Among the available investigation systems, confocal fluorescence microscopy using fluorescent dyes enables the observation of cell function and shape at the subcellular scale in vital and fixed conditions. Contrarily, nonlinear optical microscopy techniques, which exploit multi-photon processes, allow to study cell behavior in vital and unlabeled conditions. We apply confocal fluorescence microscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to characterize the phenotypic expression of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) towards adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation inside Nichoid scaffolds, in terms of nuclear morphology and specific phenotypic products, by comparing these techniques. We demonstrate that the Nichoid maintains a rounded nuclei during expansion and differentiation, promoting MSCs adipogenic differentiation while inhibiting chondrogenesis. We show that CARS and SHG techniques are suitable for specific estimation of the lipid and collagenous content, thus overcoming the limitations of using unspecific fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parodi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering «G. Natta», Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.J.); (A.B.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering «G. Natta», Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.J.); (A.B.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Arianna Bresci
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering «G. Natta», Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.J.); (A.B.); (M.T.R.)
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Benedetta Talone
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo M. Valensise
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela T. Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering «G. Natta», Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.J.); (A.B.); (M.T.R.)
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4
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Tratwal J, Labella R, Bravenboer N, Kerckhofs G, Douni E, Scheller EL, Badr S, Karampinos DC, Beck-Cormier S, Palmisano B, Poloni A, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Fretz J, Rodeheffer MS, Boroumand P, Rosen CJ, Horowitz MC, van der Eerden BCJ, Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Naveiras O. Reporting Guidelines, Review of Methodological Standards, and Challenges Toward Harmonization in Bone Marrow Adiposity Research. Report of the Methodologies Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:65. [PMID: 32180758 PMCID: PMC7059536 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in bone marrow adiposity (BMA) has increased over the last decade due to its association with, and potential role, in a range of diseases (osteoporosis, diabetes, anorexia, cancer) as well as treatments (corticosteroid, radiation, chemotherapy, thiazolidinediones). However, to advance the field of BMA research, standardization of methods is desirable to increase comparability of study outcomes and foster collaboration. Therefore, at the 2017 annual BMA meeting, the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) founded a working group to evaluate methodologies in BMA research. All BMAS members could volunteer to participate. The working group members, who are all active preclinical or clinical BMA researchers, searched the literature for articles investigating BMA and discussed the results during personal and telephone conferences. According to the consensus opinion, both based on the review of the literature and on expert opinion, we describe existing methodologies and discuss the challenges and future directions for (1) histomorphometry of bone marrow adipocytes, (2) ex vivo BMA imaging, (3) in vivo BMA imaging, (4) cell isolation, culture, differentiation and in vitro modulation of primary bone marrow adipocytes and bone marrow stromal cell precursors, (5) lineage tracing and in vivo BMA modulation, and (6) BMA biobanking. We identify as accepted standards in BMA research: manual histomorphometry and osmium tetroxide 3D contrast-enhanced μCT for ex vivo quantification, specific MRI sequences (WFI and H-MRS) for in vivo studies, and RT-qPCR with a minimal four gene panel or lipid-based assays for in vitro quantification of bone marrow adipogenesis. Emerging techniques are described which may soon come to complement or substitute these gold standards. Known confounding factors and minimal reporting standards are presented, and their use is encouraged to facilitate comparison across studies. In conclusion, specific BMA methodologies have been developed. However, important challenges remain. In particular, we advocate for the harmonization of methodologies, the precise reporting of known confounding factors, and the identification of methods to modulate BMA independently from other tissues. Wider use of existing animal models with impaired BMA production (e.g., Pfrt-/-, KitW/W-v) and development of specific BMA deletion models would be highly desirable for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Tratwal
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rossella Labella
- Tissue and Tumour Microenvironments Lab, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eleni Douni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Erica L. Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sammy Badr
- Univ. Lille, EA 4490 - PMOI - Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Radiologie et Imagerie Musculosquelettique, Lille, France
| | - Dimitrios C. Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Beck-Cormier
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Antonella Poloni
- Hematology, Department of Clinic and Molecular Science, Università Politecnica Marche-AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria J. Moreno-Aliaga
- Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jackie Fretz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Matthew S. Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Parastoo Boroumand
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Mark C. Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bram C. J. van der Eerden
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annegreet G. Veldhuis-Vlug
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Jan van Goyen Medical Center/OLVG Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Annegreet G. Veldhuis-Vlug
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Hematology Service, Departments of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Olaia Naveiras ;
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5
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Rangan S, Schulze HG, Vardaki MZ, Blades MW, Piret JM, Turner RFB. Applications of Raman spectroscopy in the development of cell therapies: state of the art and future perspectives. Analyst 2020; 145:2070-2105. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01811e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review article discusses current and future perspectives of Raman spectroscopy-based analyses of cell therapy processes and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Rangan
- Michael Smith Laboratories
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering
| | - H. Georg Schulze
- Michael Smith Laboratories
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Martha Z. Vardaki
- Michael Smith Laboratories
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Michael W. Blades
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - James M. Piret
- Michael Smith Laboratories
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Robin F. B. Turner
- Michael Smith Laboratories
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
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6
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Costa Moura C, Lanham SA, Monfort T, Bourdakos KN, Tare RS, Oreffo ROC, Mahajan S. Quantitative temporal interrogation in 3D of bioengineered human cartilage using multimodal label-free imaging. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:635-645. [PMID: 30225469 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00050f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of skeletal stem cells have attracted significant attention in the development of strategies for skeletal regeneration. However, there remains a crucial unmet need to develop quantitative tools to elucidate skeletal cell development and monitor the formation of regenerated tissues using non-destructive techniques in 3D. Label-free methods such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited auto-fluorescence (TPEAF) microscopy are minimally invasive, non-destructive, and present new powerful alternatives to conventional imaging techniques. Here we report a combination of these techniques in a single multimodal system for the temporal assessment of cartilage formation by human skeletal cells. The evaluation of bioengineered cartilage, with a new parameter measuring the amount of collagen per cell, collagen fibre structure and chondrocyte distribution, was performed using the 3D non-destructive platform. Such 3D label-free temporal quantification paves the way for tracking skeletal cell development in real-time and offers a paradigm shift in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Costa Moura
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK. and Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Stuart A Lanham
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Tual Monfort
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Konstantinos N Bourdakos
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Rahul S Tare
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. and Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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7
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Moura CC, Bourdakos KN, Tare RS, Oreffo ROC, Mahajan S. Live-imaging of Bioengineered Cartilage Tissue using Multimodal Non-linear Molecular Imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5561. [PMID: 30944358 PMCID: PMC6447547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) are non-linear techniques that allow label-free, non-destructive and non-invasive imaging for cellular and tissue analysis. Although live-imaging studies have been performed previously, concerns that they do not cause any changes at the molecular level in sensitive biological samples have not been addressed. This is important especially for stem cell differentiation and tissue engineering, if CARS/SHG microscopy is to be used as a non-invasive, label-free tool for assessment of the developing neo-tissue. In this work, we monitored the differentiation of human fetal-femur derived skeletal cells into cartilage in three-dimensional cultures using CARS and SHG microscopy and demonstrate the live-imaging of the same developing neo-tissue over time. Our work conclusively establishes that non-linear label-free imaging does not alter the phenotype or the gene expression at the different stages of differentiation and has no adverse effect on human skeletal cell growth and behaviour. Additionally, we show that CARS microscopy allows imaging of different molecules of interest, including lipids, proteins and glycosaminoglycans, in the bioengineered neo-cartilage. These studies demonstrate the label-free and truly non-invasive nature of live CARS and SHG imaging and their value and translation potential in skeletal research, regeneration medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Costa Moura
- Institute for Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK.,Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK
| | - Konstantinos N Bourdakos
- Institute for Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Rahul S Tare
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK.,Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK.
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- Institute for Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK.
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8
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Yuan C, Chakraborty S, Chitta KK, Subramanian S, Lim TE, Han W, Bhanu Prakash KN, Sugii S. Fast Adipogenesis Tracking System (FATS)-a robust, high-throughput, automation-ready adipogenesis quantification technique. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:38. [PMID: 30670100 PMCID: PMC6341617 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is essential in in vitro experimentation to assess differentiation capability of stem cells, and therefore, its accurate measurement is important. Quantitative analysis of adipogenic levels, however, is challenging and often susceptible to errors due to non-specific reading or manual estimation by observers. To this end, we developed a novel adipocyte quantification algorithm, named Fast Adipogenesis Tracking System (FATS), based on computer vision libraries. The FATS algorithm is versatile and capable of accurately detecting and quantifying percentage of cells undergoing adipogenic and browning differentiation even under difficult conditions such as the presence of large cell clumps or high cell densities. The algorithm was tested on various cell lines including 3T3-L1 cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cells. The FATS algorithm is particularly useful for adipogenic measurement of embryoid bodies derived from pluripotent stem cells and was capable of accurately distinguishing adipogenic cells from false-positive stains. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of the FATS algorithm for screening of nuclear receptor ligands that affect adipogenesis in the high-throughput manner. Together, the FATS offer a universal and automated image-based method to quantify adipocyte differentiation of different cell lines in both standard and high-throughput workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Yuan
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way #02-02, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Smarajit Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way #02-02, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Krishna Kanth Chitta
- Signal and Image Processing Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way #02-02, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Subha Subramanian
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way #02-02, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Tau En Lim
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way #02-02, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way #02-02, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - K N Bhanu Prakash
- Signal and Image Processing Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way #02-02, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way #02-02, Singapore, 138667, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Sarigil O, Anil-Inevi M, Yilmaz E, Mese G, Tekin HC, Ozcivici E. Label-free density-based detection of adipocytes of bone marrow origin using magnetic levitation. Analyst 2019; 144:2942-2953. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02503g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The first report on application of magnetic levitation technology for detection of adipogenic cells based on single cell density measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyku Sarigil
- Department of Bioengineering
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- Urla
- Turkey
| | - Muge Anil-Inevi
- Department of Bioengineering
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- Urla
- Turkey
| | - Esra Yilmaz
- Department of Bioengineering
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- Urla
- Turkey
| | - Gulistan Mese
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- Urla
- Turkey
| | - H. Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- Urla
- Turkey
| | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department of Bioengineering
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- Urla
- Turkey
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10
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11
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Sizing lipid droplets from adult and geriatric mouse liver tissue via nanoparticle tracking analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3629-3638. [PMID: 29663061 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The significance of lipid droplets in lipid metabolism, cell signaling, and regulating longevity is increasingly recognized, yet the lipid droplet's unique properties and architecture make it difficult to size and study using conventional methods. To begin to address this issue, we demonstrate the capabilities of nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) for sizing of lipid droplets. NTA was found to be adequate to assess lipid droplet stability over time, indicating that lipid droplet preparations are stable for up to 24 h. NTA had the ability to compare the size distributions of lipid droplets from adult and geriatric mouse liver tissue, suggesting an age-related decrease in lipid droplet size. This is the first report on the use of NTA to size intracellular organelles. Graphical Abstract Light scattering reveals the temporal positions of individual lipid droplets, which are recorded with a camera. The two-dimensional diffusion constant of each lipid droplet is extracted from the data set, which is then used to calculate a hydrodynamic radius using the Stokes-Einstein equation.
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12
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Mehta N, Shaik S, Devireddy R, Gartia MR. Single-Cell Analysis Using Hyperspectral Imaging Modalities. J Biomech Eng 2018; 140:2665930. [PMID: 29211294 PMCID: PMC5816251 DOI: 10.1115/1.4038638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Almost a decade ago, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was employed by the NASA in satellite imaging applications such as remote sensing technology. This technology has since been extensively used in the exploration of minerals, agricultural purposes, water resources, and urban development needs. Due to recent advancements in optical re-construction and imaging, HSI can now be applied down to micro- and nanometer scales possibly allowing for exquisite control and analysis of single cell to complex biological systems. This short review provides a description of the working principle of the HSI technology and how HSI can be used to assist, substitute, and validate traditional imaging technologies. This is followed by a description of the use of HSI for biological analysis and medical diagnostics with emphasis on single-cell analysis using HSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishir Mehta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Shahensha Shaik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Ram Devireddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, LA 70803
e-mail:
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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13
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Zhang W, Yang H, Li N, Zhao N. A sensitive fluorescent probe for alkaline phosphatase and an activity assay based on the aggregation-induced emission effect. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14995-15000. [PMID: 35541307 PMCID: PMC9080023 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01786g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A sensitive fluorescent probe (TPEQN-P) was designed and synthesized for detecting alkaline phosphatase and monitoring its enzymatic activity based on the specific aggregation-induced emission effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an
| | - Hanxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an
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14
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Moura CC, Tare RS, Oreffo ROC, Mahajan S. Raman spectroscopy and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging: prospective tools for monitoring skeletal cells and skeletal regeneration. J R Soc Interface 2017; 13:rsif.2016.0182. [PMID: 27170652 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) for cell-based therapies is currently one of the most promising areas for skeletal disease treatment and skeletal tissue repair. The ability for controlled modification of SSCs could provide significant therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, with the prospect to permanently repopulate a host with stem cells and their progeny. Currently, SSC differentiation into the stromal lineages of bone, fat and cartilage is assessed using different approaches that typically require cell fixation or lysis, which are invasive or even destructive. Raman spectroscopy and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy present an exciting alternative for studying biological systems in their natural state, without any perturbation. Here we review the applications of Raman spectroscopy and CARS imaging in stem-cell research, and discuss the potential of these two techniques for evaluating SSCs, skeletal tissues and skeletal regeneration as an exemplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Costa Moura
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rahul S Tare
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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15
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Zhang C, Li J, Lan L, Cheng JX. Quantification of Lipid Metabolism in Living Cells through the Dynamics of Lipid Droplets Measured by Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4502-4507. [PMID: 28345862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is associated with many diseases including cancer. Lipid droplet (LD), a ubiquitous organelle in mammalian cells, serves as a hub for lipid metabolism. Conventional assays on the measurement of lipid metabolism rely on the quantification of the lipid composition or amount. Such methods cannot distinguish LDs having different biofunctionalities in living cells, and thus could be inaccurate in measuring the instantaneous lipogenesis of the living cells. We applied label-free stimulated Raman scattering microscopy to quantify the LDs' spatial-temporal dynamics, which showed direct links to cellular lipid metabolisms and can separate LDs involved in different metabolic events. In human cancer cells, we found that changes in the maximum displacement of LDs reflected variations in cellular lipogenic activity, and changes in the average speed of LDs revealed alterations in LD size. The LD dynamics analysis allowed for more accurate measurement in the lipogenesis and LD dimensions, and can break the optical diffraction limit to detect small variation in lipid metabolism that was conventionally undetectable. By this method, we revealed changes in the lipogenic activity and LD sizes during glucose starvation of HeLa cells and transforming growth factor beta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of SKOV-3 cells. This method opens a way to quantify lipid metabolism in living cells during cellular development and transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University . 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Junjie Li
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University . 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Lu Lan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University . 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University . 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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16
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Tan Y, Zhang L, Man KH, Peltier R, Chen G, Zhang H, Zhou L, Wang F, Ho D, Yao SQ, Hu Y, Sun H. Reaction-Based Off-On Near-infrared Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Living Cells and Mice. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:6796-6803. [PMID: 28139117 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatases are a group of enzymes that play important roles in regulating diverse cellular functions and disease pathogenesis. Hence, developing fluorescent probes for in vivo detection of alkaline phosphatase activity is highly desirable for studying the dynamic phosphorylation in living organisms. Here, we developed the very first reaction-based near-infrared (NIR) probe (DHXP) for sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase activity both in vitro and in vivo. Our studies demonstrated that the probe displayed an up to 66-fold fluorescence increment upon incubation with alkaline phosphatases, and the detection limit of our probe was determined to be 0.07 U/L, which is lower than that of most of alkaline phosphatase probes reported in literature. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the probe can be applied to detecting alkaline phosphatase activity in cells and mice. In addition, our probe possesses excellent biocompatibility and rapid cell-internalization ability. In light of these prominent properties, we envision that DHXP will add useful tools for investigating alkaline phosphatase activity in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China
| | | | - Raoul Peltier
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Ganchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Huatang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Liyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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