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Dellatolas I, Bantawa M, Damerau B, Guo M, Divoux T, Del Gado E, Bischofberger I. Local Mechanism Governs Global Reinforcement of Nanofiller-Hydrogel Composites. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20939-20948. [PMID: 37906739 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
We reveal the mechanism for the strong reinforcement of attractive nanofiller-hydrogel composites. Measuring the linear viscoelastic properties of hydrogels containing filler nanoparticles, we show that a significant increase of the modulus can be achieved at unexpectedly low volume fractions of nanofillers when the filler-hydrogel interactions are attractive. Using three-dimensional numerical simulations, we identify a general microscopic mechanism for the reinforcement, common to hydrogel matrices of different compositions and concentrations and containing nanofillers of varying sizes. The attractive interactions induce a local increase in the gel density around the nanofillers. The effective fillers, composed of the nanofillers and the densified regions around them, assemble into a percolated network, which constrains the gel displacement and enhances the stress coupling throughout the system. A global reinforcement of the composite is induced as the stresses become strongly coupled. This physical mechanism of reinforcement, which relies only on attractive filler-matrix interactions, provides design strategies for versatile composites that combine low nanofiller fractions with an enhanced mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippolyti Dellatolas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Minaspi Bantawa
- Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Brian Damerau
- Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thibaut Divoux
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
- MultiScale Material Science for Energy and Environment, UMI 3466, CNRS-MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emanuela Del Gado
- Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Irmgard Bischofberger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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DARVISHI S, ŞENSES E. Polymer architecture effect on rheology and segmental dynamics in poly (methyl methacrylate)-silica nanocomposite melts. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:749-762. [PMID: 38174057 PMCID: PMC10760588 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Architecturally different polymer chains lead to fundamentally different rheological responses and internal dynamics, which can be utilized to rationalize advanced thermoplastic nanocomposites with tunable mechanical behavior. In this work, three model poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymers with linear, bottlebrush, and star architectures with the same total molar mass were investigated in their neat form, and nanocomposites with well-dispersed silica nanoparticles using rheology and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). The master curves of the dynamic moduli obtained by time-temperature superposition (TTS) over the entire range from the Rouse regime to the terminal flow and a sequence of significantly different relaxation modes were observed for the samples with linear and branch chains. While linear chains form an entangled polymer network, the branched bottlebrush, and star chains show a viscoelastic response with no sign of rubbery entanglement plateau and a weak arm relaxation regime between Rouse and terminal flow, akin to other branched polymers. Moreover, branched chains showed a higher fragility index (m = 3.46 for the bottlebrush and 5.36 for the star) compared to linear chains (m = 3.29) due to dynamical heterogeneities induced by arm relaxation. The addition of nanoparticles affects only the terminal relaxation regime, where the whole chain motion is hindered by the attractive nanoparticles. The dynamics of the polymer segment were investigated by performing broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) at a frequency range from 10-2 Hz to 107 Hz. The results revealed more than 10 times slower segmental relaxation for the star homopolymers and a slowdown in the α-relaxation process for all three architectures in their composite form. The dynamical slowdown in the composites is temperature dependent and more pronounced at low temperatures (leading to approximately equal to 80 times slower dynamics for nanocomposite with bottlebrush PMMA at 150 °C) due to prolonged relaxation of the interfacial polymer compared to the matrix chains. The results from this study have practical applications in fields such as gas separation and polymeric electrolyte membranes, where simultaneous improvement of segmental mobility and mechanical moduli is highly desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid DARVISHI
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Erkan ŞENSES
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Koç University Boron and Advanced Materials Application and Research Center (KUBAM), İstanbul,
Turkiye
- n2STAR-Koç University Nanofabrication and Nanocharacterization Center for Scientific and Technological Advanced Research, İstanbul,
Turkiye
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3
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Ye C, Liu Z, Li J, Ni Y, Xin Z, Zhao S. Effect of calcium stearate and a fluoroelastomer on the flowability of UHMWPE/HDPE composites and the underlying mechanism. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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4
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Ionic Polymer Nanocomposites Subjected to Uniaxial Extension: A Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224001. [PMID: 34833305 PMCID: PMC8621629 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the behavior of coarse-grained ionic polymer nanocomposites (IPNCs) under uniaxial extension up to 800% strain by means of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We observe a simultaneous increase of stiffness and toughness of the IPNCs upon increasing the engineering strain rate, in agreement with experimental observations. We reveal that the excellent toughness of the IPNCs originates from the electrostatic interaction between polymers and nanoparticles, and that it is not due to the mobility of the nanoparticles or the presence of polymer-polymer entanglements. During the extension, and depending on the nanoparticle volume fraction, polymer-nanoparticle ionic crosslinks are suppressed with the increase of strain rate and electrostatic strength, while the mean pore radius increases with strain rate and is altered by the nanoparticle volume fraction and electrostatic strength. At relatively low strain rates, IPNCs containing an entangled matrix exhibit self-strengthening behavior. We provide microscopic insight into the structural, conformational properties and crosslinks of IPNCs, also referred to as polymer nanocomposite electrolytes, accompanying their unusual mechanical behavior.
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5
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Rasana N, Jayanarayanan K, Mohan HT, Keller T. Static and dynamic mechanical properties of nanosilica and multiwalled carbon nanotube reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites: theoretical mechanism of nanofiller reinforcement. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-00962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Ramakrishnan V, Goossens JGP, Hoeks TL, Peters GWM. Anomalous Terminal Shear Viscosity Behavior of Polycarbonate Nanocomposites Containing Grafted Nanosilica Particles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1839. [PMID: 34361225 PMCID: PMC8308399 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Viscosity controls an important issue in polymer processing. This paper reports on the terminal viscosity behavior of a polymer melt containing grafted nanosilica particles. The melt viscosity behavior of the nanocomposites was found to depend on the interaction between the polymer matrix and the nanoparticle surface. In the case of polycarbonate (PC) nanocomposites, the viscosity decreases by approximately 25% at concentrations below 0.7 vol% of nanosilica, followed by an increase at higher concentrations. Chemical analysis shows that the decrease in viscosity can be attributed to in situ grafting of PC on the nanosilica surface, leading to a lower entanglement density around the nanoparticle. The thickness of the graft layer was found to be of the order of the tube diameter, with the disentangled zone being approximately equal to the radius of gyration (Rg) polymer chain. Furthermore, it is shown that the grafting has an effect on the motion of the PC chains at all timescales. Finally, the viscosity behavior in the PC nanocomposites was found to be independent of the molar mass of PC. The PC data are compared with polystyrene nanocomposites, for which the interaction between the polymer and nanoparticles is absent. The results outlined in this paper can be utilized for applications with low shear processing conditions, e.g., rotomolding, 3D printing, and multilayer co-extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidyanath Ramakrishnan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Johannes G. P. Goossens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Theodorus L. Hoeks
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
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7
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Moghimikheirabadi A, Kröger M, Karatrantos AV. Insights from modeling into structure, entanglements, and dynamics in attractive polymer nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6362-6373. [PMID: 34128028 PMCID: PMC8262555 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00683e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Conformations, entanglements and dynamics in attractive polymer nanocomposites are investigated in this work by means of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, for both weak and strong confinements, in the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) at NP volume fractions φ up to 60%. We show that the behavior of the apparent tube diameter dapp in such nanocomposites can be greatly different from nanocomposites with nonattractive interactions. We find that this effect originates, based on a mean field argument, from the geometric confinement length dgeo at strong confinement (large φ) and not from the bound polymer layer on NPs (interparticle distance ID <2Rg) as proposed recently based on experimental measurements. Close to the NP surface, the entangled polymer mobility is reduced in attractive nanocomposites but still faster than the NP mobility for volume fractions beyond 20%. Furthermore, entangled polymer dynamics is hindered dramatically by the strong confinement created by NPs. For the first time using simulations, we show that the entangled polymer conformation, characterized by the polymer radius of gyration Rg and form factor, remains basically unperturbed by the presence of NPs up to the highest volume fractions studied, in agreement with various experiments on attractive nanocomposites. As a side-result we demonstrate that the loose concept of ID can be made a microscopically well defined quantity using the mean pore size of the NP arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Moghimikheirabadi
- Department of Materials, Polymer Physics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Kröger
- Department of Materials, Polymer Physics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Argyrios V Karatrantos
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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8
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Cui W, You W, Sun Z, Yu W. Decoupled Polymer Dynamics in Weakly Attractive Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Silica Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Cui
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei You
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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9
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Cui W, You W, Yu W. Mechanism of Mechanical Reinforcement for Weakly Attractive Nanocomposites in Glassy and Rubbery States. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Cui
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei You
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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10
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You W, Cui W, Yu W. Decoupling hydrodynamic and entanglement effects on the modulus reinforcement of grafted silica filled nanocomposites through Thermal and rheological features. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Zhang T, Winey KI, Riggleman RA. Conformation and dynamics of ring polymers under symmetric thin film confinement. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184905. [PMID: 33187402 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the structure and dynamics of polymers under confinement has been of widespread interest, and one class of polymers that have received comparatively little attention under confinement is that of ring polymers. The properties of non-concatenated ring polymers can also be important in biological fields because ring polymers have been proven to be a good model to study DNA organization in the cell nucleus. From our previous study, linear polymers in a cylindrically confined polymer melt were found to segregate from each other as a result of the strong correlation hole effect that is enhanced by the confining surfaces. By comparison, our subsequent study of linear polymers in confined thin films at similar levels of confinements found only the onset of segregation. In this study, we use molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the chain conformations and dynamics of ring polymers under planar (1D) confinement as a function of film thickness. Our results show that conformations of ring polymers are similar to the linear polymers under planar confinement, except that ring polymers are less compressed in the direction normal to the walls. While we find that the correlation hole effect is enhanced under confinement, it is not as pronounced as the linear polymers under 2D confinement. Finally, we show that chain dynamics far above Tg are primarily affected by the friction from walls based on the monomeric friction coefficient we get from the Rouse mode analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianren Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Karen I Winey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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12
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Moghimikheirabadi A, Mugemana C, Kröger M, Karatrantos AV. Polymer Conformations, Entanglements and Dynamics in Ionic Nanocomposites: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2591. [PMID: 33158229 PMCID: PMC7694256 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate nanoparticle (NP) dispersion, polymer conformations, entanglements and dynamics in ionic nanocomposites. To this end, we study nanocomposite systems with various spherical NP loadings, three different molecular weights, two different Bjerrum lengths, and two types of charge-sequenced polymers by means of molecular dynamics simulations. NP dispersion can be achieved in either oligomeric or entangled polymeric matrices due to the presence of electrostatic interactions. We show that the overall conformations of ionic oligomer chains, as characterized by their radii of gyration, are affected by the presence and the amount of charged NPs, while the dimensions of charged entangled polymers remain unperturbed. Both the dynamical behavior of polymers and NPs, and the lifetime and amount of temporary crosslinks, are found to depend on the ratio between the Bjerrum length and characteristic distance between charged monomers. Polymer-polymer entanglements start to decrease beyond a certain NP loading. The dynamics of ionic NPs and polymers is very different compared with their non-ionic counterparts. Specifically, ionic NP dynamics is getting enhanced in entangled matrices and also accelerates with the increase of NP loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Moghimikheirabadi
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clément Mugemana
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Martin Kröger
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Argyrios V. Karatrantos
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
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13
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Romo‐Uribe A, Lichtenhan J, Reyes‐Mayer A, Calixto‐Rodriguez M, Sarmiento‐Bustos E, Yañez‐Lino M. Parts‐per‐million polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane loading induced mechanical reinforcement in polyethylene nanocomposites. When small and well‐dispersed yields big. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Romo‐Uribe
- Research & Development, Advanced Science & Technology Division Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc. Jacksonville Florida USA
| | | | - Adriana Reyes‐Mayer
- Centro de Caracterización e Investigación en Materiales S.A. de C.V. Jiutepec Mexico
- División Académica de Mecánica Industrial Universidad Tecnologica Emiliano Zapata del Estado de Morelos UTEZ Emiliano Zapata Mexico
| | - Manuela Calixto‐Rodriguez
- División Académica de Mecánica Industrial Universidad Tecnologica Emiliano Zapata del Estado de Morelos UTEZ Emiliano Zapata Mexico
| | - Estela Sarmiento‐Bustos
- División Académica de Mecánica Industrial Universidad Tecnologica Emiliano Zapata del Estado de Morelos UTEZ Emiliano Zapata Mexico
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14
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Kritikos G. Exploring a unified description of the super-Arrhenius region above and below the glass transition temperature. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6902-6913. [PMID: 32647837 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new approach is presented in order to check whether the hypothesis of an Arrhenius component surviving in the α-relaxation region is consistent with experimental data. The temperature dependence of the dynamics in the whole glassy regime is described by an equation which assumes an Arrhenius component in the cooperative diffusion. Based on thermodynamic arguments, the dynamic heterogeneities close to the glass transition region are related to structural heterogeneities in a manner consistent with the idea of a sigmoidal shape in the cohesion energy. By doing so, a characteristic temperature which can be identified as the glass transition temperature (Tg) emerges, while an additional parameter for the extension of the super-Arrhenius region is introduced. In the analysis of experimental data, the activation energy parameter, determined from the temperature dependence of the β-relaxation, is fixed, and the relation between the experimental and the predicted glass transition temperature is examined. The results of this comparison support the idea that dynamics above and below Tg can be described in a unified manner. The proposed model is tested against experimental data of glass-forming liquids, polymers and polymer composites. In the latter systems, it is shown that the Arrhenius-like behavior characterizing the dynamics of the polymeric bound-layer can be accounted for by such an extension of the super-Arrhenius region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kritikos
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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15
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The chain dis-entanglement effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Bailey EJ, Winey KI. Dynamics of polymer segments, polymer chains, and nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposite melts: A review. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Sakib N, Koh YP, Huang Y, Mongcopa KIS, Le AN, Benicewicz BC, Krishnamoorti R, Simon SL. Thermal and Rheological Analysis of Polystyrene-Grafted Silica Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazam Sakib
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Yung P. Koh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Yucheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, United States
| | - Katrina Irene S. Mongcopa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Amy N. Le
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Brian C. Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, United States
| | - Ramanan Krishnamoorti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Sindee L. Simon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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18
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Jayakumar S, Saravanan T, Philip J. Polymer nanocomposites containing β‐Bi
2
O
3
and silica nanoparticles: Thermal stability, surface topography and X‐ray attenuation properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Jayakumar
- SMART Materials Section, Corrosion Science and Technology Division, Metallurgy and Materials GroupIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, HBNI Kalpakkam India
| | - Thangavelu Saravanan
- Inspection Technology Section, Non‐Destructive Evaluation Division, Metallurgy and Materials GroupIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, HBNI Kalpakkam India
| | - John Philip
- SMART Materials Section, Corrosion Science and Technology Division, Metallurgy and Materials GroupIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, HBNI Kalpakkam India
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19
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Osseointegrated membranes based on electro-spun TiO 2/hydroxyapatite/polyurethane for oral maxillofacial surgery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110479. [PMID: 31923963 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Membranes which have an osseointegration abilty are often selected as biomaterials in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Although these membranes are often the best option for certain uses, it is a challenge to create functionally attractive membranes. In this research, electro-spun titanium oxide (TiO2)/hydroxyapatite (HA)/polyurethane (PU) membranes were fabricated with different ratios of HA and TiO2: 100: 0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100 w/w. The morphologies of the different mixtures were assessed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Field Emission Microscope (FESEM). Element analysis was performed with EDX. The physical properties of the water contact angles and mechanical strength were tested and the membranes cultured with osteoblasts to evaluate their biological functions, cell adhesion, viability, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium content. The results showed that the membranes with TiO2 and HA had smaller fibers than those without TiO2 and HA. The TiO2- and HA-including compounds showed the formation of particle aggregation on the surface of the fibers. They also had higher water contact angles, mechanical strength, and stiffness than those without TiO2 and HA, and they had better cell adhesion, viability, proliferation, ALP activity and calcium content. The membrane with a 50:50 TiO2:HA ratio had more unique biological functions than the others. Finally, our research demonstrated that osseointegrated membranes with 50:50 TiO2:HA are promising for oral and maxillofacial surgery.
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20
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Romo‐Uribe A. Co‐(POSS#‐styrene) nanocomposites reduced the glass‐transition temperature, rubbery modulus, and melt viscosity of entangled polystyrene. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Romo‐Uribe
- Research & Development, Advanced Science & Technology DivisionJohnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc. Jacksonville Florida 32256
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21
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Parisi D, Truzzolillo D, Deepak VD, Gauthier M, Vlassopoulos D. Transition from Confined to Bulk Dynamics in Symmetric Star–Linear Polymer Mixtures. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Domenico Truzzolillo
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Vishnu D. Deepak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Romo-Uribe A, Lichtenhan J, Reyes-Mayer A, Paredes-Pérez M, Yañez-Lino M. Chain Disentanglements and Oxygen Transmission Reduction in LDPE/POSS Nanocomposites. Influence of POSS Size. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Romo-Uribe
- Research & Development, Advanced Science & Technology Division, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc., Jacksonville, Florida 32256, United States
| | | | - Adriana Reyes-Mayer
- Centro de Caracterización e Investigación en Materiales S.A. de C.V., Calle 21 Este #205, Bodega F, Col. Civac, Jiutepec, Morelos 62578, Mexico
- Universidad Tecnologica Emiliano Zapata del Estado de Morelos UTEZ, Avenida Universidad Tecnologica No. 1, Col. Palo Escrito, Emiliano Zapata, Morelos 62760, Mexico
| | - Marcela Paredes-Pérez
- Centro de Caracterización e Investigación en Materiales S.A. de C.V., Calle 21 Este #205, Bodega F, Col. Civac, Jiutepec, Morelos 62578, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Yañez-Lino
- Polymer Solutions and Innovation S.A. de C.V., Calle 21 Este #205, Bodega F, Col. Civac, Jiutepec, Mor. 62578, Mexico
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23
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Karatrantos A, Composto RJ, Winey KI, Kröger M, Clarke N. Modeling of Entangled Polymer Diffusion in Melts and Nanocomposites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E876. [PMID: 31091725 PMCID: PMC6571671 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review concerns modeling studies of the fundamental problem of entangled (reptational) homopolymer diffusion in melts and nanocomposite materials in comparison to experiments. In polymer melts, the developed united atom and multibead spring models predict an exponent of the molecular weight dependence to the polymer diffusion very similar to experiments and the tube reptation model. There are rather unexplored parameters that can influence polymer diffusion such as polymer semiflexibility or polydispersity, leading to a different exponent. Models with soft potentials or slip-springs can estimate accurately the tube model predictions in polymer melts enabling us to reach larger length scales and simulate well entangled polymers. However, in polymer nanocomposites, reptational polymer diffusion is more complicated due to nanoparticle fillers size, loading, geometry and polymer-nanoparticle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Karatrantos
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Karen I Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Martin Kröger
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK.
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24
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Li S, Ding M, Shi T. Spatial distribution of entanglements and dynamics in polymer films confined by smooth walls. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Bilchak CR, Huang Y, Benicewicz BC, Durning CJ, Kumar SK. High-Frequency Mechanical Behavior of Pure Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Constructs. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:294-298. [PMID: 35650831 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-grafted nanoparticle (GNP) membranes show increased gas permeability relative to pure polymer analogs, with this effect evidently tunable through systematic variations in the grafted polymer chain length and grafting density. Additionally, these materials show less deleterious aging effects relative to the pure polymer. To better understand these issues, we explore the solid-state mechanical properties of GNP layers using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) spectroscopy, which operates under conditions (≈5 MHz) that we believe are relevant to gas transport. The GNP's high-frequency storage moduli exhibit a characteristic increase with increasing nanoparticle (NP) core loading, consistent with past work on the reinforcement of polymers physically well mixed with bare NPs. However, these GNPs show a substantial, nonmonotonic decrease in loss as a function of chain length (at fixed grafting density), with the loss minimum corresponding to the chain length with the maximum gas permeability. We speculate that this feature corresponds to a dynamical transition, where the GNP membranes go from a jammed solid (colloid-like) to liquid-like (polymer-controlled) behavior with increasing chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor R. Bilchak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yucheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, United States
| | - Brian C. Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, United States
| | - Christopher J Durning
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sanat K. Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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26
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Kirk J, Wang Z, Ilg P. Entanglement dynamics at flat surfaces: Investigations using multi-chain molecular dynamics and a single-chain slip-spring model. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:094906. [PMID: 30849883 DOI: 10.1063/1.5045301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of an entangled polymer melt confined in a channel by parallel plates is investigated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of a detailed, multi-chain model. A primitive path analysis predicts that the density of entanglements remains approximately constant throughout the gap and drops to lower values only in the immediate vicinity of the surface. Based on these observations, we propose a coarse-grained, single-chain slip-spring model with a uniform density of slip-spring anchors and slip-links. The slip-spring model is compared to the Kremer-Grest MD bead-spring model via equilibrium correlation functions of chain orientations. Reasonably good agreement between the single-chain model and the detailed multi-chain model is obtained for chain relaxation dynamics, both away from the surface and for chains whose center of mass positions are at a distance from the surface that is less than the bulk chain radius of gyration, without introducing any additional model parameters. Our results suggest that there is no considerable drop in topological interactions for chains in the vicinity of a single flat surface. We infer from the slip-spring model that the experimental plateau modulus of a confined polymer melt may be different to a corresponding unconfined system even if there is no drop in topological interactions for the confined case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Kirk
- School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, United Kingdom
| | - Zuowei Wang
- School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Ilg
- School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, United Kingdom
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27
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Gervasio M, Lu K. Monte Carlo Simulation Modeling of Nanoparticle-Polymer Cosuspensions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:161-170. [PMID: 30525657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Creation of high-quality and novel polymer-particle nanocomposites to a large extent depends on understanding the behaviors of individual polymer chains and particles, especially at the mixing state in a liquid solvent. Simulations can help identify critical parameters and equations that govern the suspension behaviors. This study is the first attempt to understand the agglomeration processes of ZnO nanoparticle and poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer cosuspensions through a constant number Monte Carlo simulation. A modified Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory is used to describe the particle-particle interactions that lead to agglomeration. The average agglomerate size and number are measured as a function of suspension resting time, particle to polymer volume ratio, polymer chain length, and suspension drying. The agglomerate size increases persistently with the resting time and particle content increase, ranging from 1.2 μm for the 1 vol % particle content suspension to 4.6 μm for the 20 vol % particle content suspension after 30 min of suspension resting. The agglomerate size distribution for all of the particle contents follows a lognormal distribution. As the polymer chain length increases, agglomeration also becomes more severe. If drying is accounted for and thus the solids loading continually increases, the suspension becomes much more stable because of increases in viscosity and depletion stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Gervasio
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Kathy Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
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28
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Zhang T, Winey KI, Riggleman RA. Polymer Conformations and Dynamics under Confinement with Two Length Scales. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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29
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Ethier JG, Hall LM. Structure and Entanglement Network of Model Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Monolayers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G. Ethier
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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30
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Karatrantos A, Koutsawa Y, Dubois P, Clarke N, Kröger M. Miscibility and Nanoparticle Diffusion in Ionic Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1010. [PMID: 30960935 PMCID: PMC6403637 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the effect of various spherical nanoparticles in a polymer matrix on dispersion, chain dimensions and entanglements for ionic nanocomposites at dilute and high nanoparticle loading by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The nanoparticle dispersion can be achieved in oligomer matrices due to the presence of electrostatic interactions. We show that the overall configuration of ionic oligomer chains, as characterized by their radii of gyration, can be perturbed at dilute nanoparticle loading by the presence of charged nanoparticles. In addition, the nanoparticle's diffusivity is reduced due to the electrostatic interactions, in comparison to conventional nanocomposites where the electrostatic interaction is absent. The charged nanoparticles are found to move by a hopping mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Karatrantos
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Yao Koutsawa
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons & Materia Nova Research Centre, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK.
| | - Martin Kröger
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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31
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Wang M, Dheressa E, Brown KA, Green MD. Effect of Crosslinker Length and Architecture on the Thermomechanical Properties of CNT-Loaded Elastomeric Polymer Matrix Composites. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800091. [PMID: 29675981 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An evolving understanding of elastomeric polymer nanocomposites continues to expand commercial, defense, and industrial products and applications. This work explores the thermomechanical properties of elastomeric nanocomposites prepared from bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and three amine-terminated poly(propylene oxides) (Jeffamines). The Jeffamines investigated include difunctional crosslinkers with molecular weights of 2000 and 4000 g mol-1 and a trifunctional crosslinker with a molecular weight of 3000 g mol-1 . Additionally, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are added, up to 1.25 wt%, to each thermoset. The findings indicate that the T g and storage modulus of the polymer nanocomposites can be controlled independently within narrow concentration windows, and that effects observed following CNT incorporation are dependent on the crosslinker molecular weight. Finally, the impact of crosslinker length and architecture as well as CNT addition on the molecular weight between crosslink points in the glassy and rubbery states are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ermias Dheressa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Kristen A Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Matthew D Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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32
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Sampath J, Hall LM. Influence of a nanoparticle on the structure and dynamics of model ionomer melts. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:4621-4632. [PMID: 29786724 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00665b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We simulate a single spherical nanoparticle (NP) surrounded by partially neutralized ionomers. The coarse-grained ionomers consist of a linear backbone of neutral monomer beads with charged pendant beads and counterions, along with pendant 'sticker' beads that represent unneutralized acid groups. Two different NP interactions are considered; one in which the NP interacts uniformly with all beads in the system (neutral NP) and another in which the NP has higher cohesive interactions with ions and stickers (sticky NP). Ions are depleted around the neutral NP relative to the bulk, but are denser around the surface of the sticky NP. The bond vector autocorrelation function was computed as a function of distance from the NP. For the neutral NP, due to the absence of ions, there is an increase in bond rotational dynamics near the surface relative to the bulk, while the reverse trend is observed in the case of the sticky NP. These analyses were done systematically for differing mole content of pendants, levels of neutralization, and NP sizes; lower pendant content causes a significantly larger difference in the bond dynamics near and far from the NP surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Sampath
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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33
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Ethier JG, Hall LM. Modeling individual and pairs of adsorbed polymer-grafted nanoparticles: structure and entanglements. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:643-652. [PMID: 29271451 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02116j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the canopy structure and entanglement network of isolated polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNs) adsorbed on a surface. As expected, increasing the monomer-surface adsorption strength causes the polymer chains to spread out to increase contact with the surface, leading to a canopy shape that is in qualitative agreement with recent experimental results. We compare height profiles and other structural features of four PGN systems to show the separate and combined effects of increasing chain length and graft density. At moderate graft density and low surface attraction strength, nearby PGN canopies interpenetrate substantially and their combined shape is similar to that of a single PGN canopy. At high graft density or surface interaction, the interparticle spacing increases significantly. We use a geometrical primitive path analysis to calculate average entanglement properties including canopy-canopy entanglements between pairs of PGNs. The longer chain systems are well entangled at both graft densities considered, and we find that as the monomer-surface interaction strength is increased (and the interparticle distance increases), entanglements between the two PGNs are reduced. We find that the number of inter-PGN entanglements per chain is slightly larger at the lower graft density, likely because steric constraints at high graft density tend to reduce interparticle entanglements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Ethier
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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34
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Ike IA, Zhang J, Groth A, Orbell JD, Duke M. Effects of dissolution conditions on the properties of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 39:716-726. [PMID: 28732998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is an important membrane forming material for water treatment. Earlier works have shown that major morphological changes can be achieved when PVDF is dissolved under different conditions with practical applications in membrane distillation and protein attachment. However, no previous report has discussed the effects of dissolution conditions on the performance of PVDF under ultrafiltration, which is one of the most important applications of the polymer. In this work, four different PVDF ultrafiltration membranes were produced from dopes dissolved either by stirring at 24°C, 90°C, 120°C or by sonication. It is shown that dope sonication results in membrane with enhanced thermal and mechanical stability, improved permeate flux during oil emulsion filtration and high flux recovery of ∼63% after cleaning. As a comparison, flux recovery of only ∼26% was obtained for the membrane produced from dope dissolved at 24°C. The outstanding performance of the dope-sonicated membrane was linked to its slightly lower porosity, narrow distribution of small pores and relatively smooth skin layer. Performance parameters for all membranes showed good correlation to porosity suggesting a tool for membrane design achievable by simple variation in the mode of polymer dissolution. The polymer dissolution effect was related to the degree of unfolding of the polymer molecular chains and their entanglements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu A Ike
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Andrew Groth
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - John D Orbell
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Mikel Duke
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
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35
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Ike IA, Dumée LF, Groth A, Orbell JD, Duke M. Effects of dope sonication and hydrophilic polymer addition on the properties of low pressure PVDF mixed matrix membranes. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Karatrantos A, Composto RJ, Winey KI, Clarke N. Polymer and spherical nanoparticle diffusion in nanocomposites. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:203331. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4981258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Karatrantos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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37
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38
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Bačová P, Lo Verso F, Arbe A, Colmenero J, Pomposo JA, Moreno AJ. The Role of the Topological Constraints in the Chain Dynamics in All-Polymer Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bačová
- Centro de Física
de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Federica Lo Verso
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel
de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arantxa Arbe
- Centro de Física
de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan Colmenero
- Centro de Física
de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel
de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, E-20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro de Física
de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, E-20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque
Foundation for Science, María
Díaz de Haro, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Angel J. Moreno
- Centro de Física
de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel
de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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39
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Mathioudakis IG, Vogiatzis GG, Tzoumanekas C, Theodorou DN. Multiscale simulations of PS-SiO2 nanocomposites: from melt to glassy state. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:7585-7605. [PMID: 27532769 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01536k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction energetics, molecular packing, entanglement network properties, segmental dynamics, and elastic constants of atactic polystyrene-amorphous silica nanocomposites in the molten and the glassy state are studied via molecular simulations using two interconnected levels of representation: (a) a coarse-grained one, wherein each polystyrene repeat unit is mapped onto a single "superatom" and the silica nanoparticle is viewed as a solid sphere. Equilibration at all length scales at this level is achieved via connectivity-altering Monte Carlo simulations. (b) A united-atom (UA) level, wherein the polymer chains are represented in terms of a united-atom forcefield and the silica nanoparticle is represented in terms of a simplified, fully atomistic model. Initial configurations for UA molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are obtained by reverse mapping well-equilibrated coarse-grained configurations. By analysing microcanonical UA MD trajectories, the polymer density profile is studied and the polymer is found to exhibit layering in the vicinity of the nanoparticle surface. An estimate of the enthalpy of mixing between polymer and nanoparticles, derived from the UA simulations, compares favourably against available experimental values. The dynamical behaviour of polystyrene (in neat and filled melt systems) is characterized in terms of bond orientation and dihedral angle time autocorrelation functions. At low concentration in the molten polymer matrix, silica nanoparticles are found to cause a slight deceleration of the segmental dynamics close to their surface compared to the bulk polymer. Well-equilibrated coarse-grained long-chain configurations are reduced to entanglement networks via topological analysis with the CReTA algorithm, yielding a slightly lower density of entanglements in the filled than in the neat systems. UA melt configurations are glassified by MD cooling. The elastic moduli of the resulting glassy nanocomposites are computed through an analysis of strain fluctuations in the undeformed state and through explicit mechanical deformation by MD, showing a stiffening of the polymer in the presence of nanoparticles. UA simulation results for the elastic constants are compared to continuum micromechanical calculations invoked in homogenization models of the overall mechanical behaviour of heterogeneous materials. They can be interpreted in terms of the presence of an "interphase" of approximate thickness 2 nm around the nanoparticles, with elastic constants intermediate between those of the filler and the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Mathioudakis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, GR-15780 Athens, Greece.
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40
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Khalil R, Homaeigohar S, Häußler D, Elbahri M. A shape tailored gold-conductive polymer nanocomposite as a transparent electrode with extraordinary insensitivity to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Sci Rep 2016; 6:33895. [PMID: 27654345 PMCID: PMC5032166 DOI: 10.1038/srep33895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the transparent conducting polymer of poly (3,4-ethylenendioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was nanohybridized via inclusion of gold nanofillers including nanospheres (NSs) and nanorods (NRs). Such nanocomposite thin films offer not only more optimum conductivity than the pristine polymer but also excellent resistivity against volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Interestingly, such amazing properties are achieved in the diluted regimes of the nanofillers and depend on the characteristics of the interfacial region of the polymer and nanofillers, i.e. the aspect ratio of the latter component. Accordingly, a shape dependent response is made that is more desirable in case of using the Au nanorods with a much larger aspect ratio than their nanosphere counterparts. This transparent nanocomposite thin film with an optimized conductivity and very low sensitivity to organic gases is undoubtedly a promising candidate material for the touch screen panel production industry. Considering PEDOT as a known material for integrated electrodes in energy saving applications, we believe that our strategy might be an important progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Khalil
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Institute for Materials Science, Kaiserstrasse 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shahin Homaeigohar
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Institute for Materials Science, Kaiserstrasse 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Dietrich Häußler
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Institute for Materials Science, Synthesis and Real Structure Group, Kaiserstrasse 2,24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mady Elbahri
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Institute for Materials Science, Kaiserstrasse 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
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