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Lin J, Unge J, Gonen T. Unraveling the Structure of Meclizine Dihydrochloride with MicroED. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306435. [PMID: 38044280 PMCID: PMC10853755 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Meclizine (Antivert, Bonine) is a first-generation H1 antihistamine used in the treatment of motion sickness and vertigo. Despite its wide medical use for over 70 years, its crystal structure and the details of protein-drug interactions remained unknown. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) is previously unsuccessful for meclizine. Today, microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) enables the analysis of nano- or micro-sized crystals that are merely a billionth the size needed for SC-XRD directly from seemingly amorphous powder. In this study, MicroED to determine the 3D crystal structure of meclizine dihydrochloride is used. Two racemic enantiomers (R/S) are found in the unit cell, which is packed as repetitive double layers in the crystal lattice. The packing is made of multiple strong N-H-Cl- hydrogen bonding interactions and weak interactions like C-H-Cl- and pi-stacking. Molecular docking reveals the binding mechanism of meclizine to the histamine H1 receptor. A comparison of the docking complexes between histamine H1 receptor and meclizine or levocetirizine (a second-generation antihistamine) shows the conserved binding sites. This research illustrates the combined use of MicroED and molecular docking in unraveling elusive drug structures and protein-drug interactions for precision drug design and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieye Lin
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of California615 Charles E. Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Johan Unge
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of California615 Charles E. Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Tamir Gonen
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of California615 Charles E. Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of California615 Charles E. Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
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Lin J, Unge J, Gonen T. Unraveling the Structure of Meclizine Dihydrochloride with MicroED. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.05.556418. [PMID: 37786674 PMCID: PMC10541648 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Meclizine (Antivert, Bonine) is a first-generation H1 antihistamine used in the treatment of motion sickness and vertigo. Despite its wide medical use for over 70 years, its crystal structure and the details of protein-drug interactions remained unknown. In this study, we used microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) to determine the three-dimensional (3D) crystal structure of meclizine dihydrochloride directly from a seemingly amorphous powder. Two racemic enantiomers (R/S) were found in the unit cell, which packed as repetitive double layers in the crystal lattice. The packing was made of multiple strong N-H⋯Cl- hydrogen bonding interactions and weak interactions like C-H⋯Cl- and pi-stacking. Molecular docking revealed the binding mechanism of meclizine to the histamine H1 receptor. A comparison of the docking complexes between histamine H1 receptor and meclizine or levocetirizine (a second-generation antihistamine) showed the conserved binding sites. This research illustrates the combined use of MicroED and molecular docking in unraveling protein-drug interactions for precision drug design and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieye Lin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Johan Unge
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tamir Gonen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Topical Formulation of Nano Spray-Dried Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride against Allergic Edema. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122577. [PMID: 36559070 PMCID: PMC9782532 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Levocetirizine dihydrochloride active ingredient was microencapsulated using nano spray-drying technology for preparing microparticles containing topical gel against edema. Hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) was used as a carrier polymer during spray drying. The active ingredient content of the nano spray-dried products was 52.81% (w/w) and 51.33% (w/w) for ex vivo and in vivo experiments, respectively, and the average particle size was 2.6 µm. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated an amorphous state of the active ingredient embedded in the amorphous matrix of the polymer. Dermal oil gels composed of Miglyol 812 gelated by Dermofeel viscolid included 5% (w/w) (for ex vivo) and 10% (w/w) (for in vivo) active ingredient without or with 0.05% (w/w) menthol penetration enhancer. Qualitative ex vivo penetration studies using a confocal Raman microscopic correlation mapping were executed on human abdominal skin. The results showed that the active ingredient was enriched in the epidermis and upper dermis layer of the skin using oleogel loaded with the nano spray-dried drug-HPMC composite. Menthol addition to the oleogel resulted in the concentration of levocetirizine in the dermis. In vivo tests were performed on a mouse model of croton oil-induced ear edema. Negative control and Fenistil-treated groups were compared using the prepared oil gels with and without menthol. Without penetration enhancer, 20 µL of our oil gel loaded with nano spray-dried levocetirizine dihydrochloride composite showed similar effectiveness to the same volume of Fenistil gel, while 5 µL menthol containing sample was sufficient to eliminate the skin irritation similarly to 20 µL Fenistil.
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Stability, Permeability and Cytotoxicity of Buccal Films in Allergy Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081633. [PMID: 36015259 PMCID: PMC9415683 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucoadhesive systems, such as polymer films, are among innovative pharmaceutical products. These systems can be applied in swallowing problems and can also be used in geriatrics and paediatrics. In our earlier work, we successfully formulated buccal mucoadhesive polymer films, which contained cetirizine-hydrochloride (CTZ) as the API. The present study focused on investigating the stability and permeability of the prepared films. The stability of the films was studied with an accelerated stability test. During the stability test, thickness, breaking hardness and in vitro mucoadhesivity were analysed. Furthermore, the interactions were studied with FT-IR spectroscopy, and the changes in the amount of the API were also monitored. Cytotoxicity and cell line permeability studies were carried out on TR 146 buccal cells. Compositions that can preserve more than 85% of the API after 6 months were found. Most of the compositions had a high cell viability of more than 50%. Citric acid (CA) decreased the stability and reduced every physical parameter of the films. However, cell line studies showed that the permeability of the films was enhanced. In our work, we successfully formulated CTZ-containing buccal films with adequate stability, high cell viability and appropriate absorption properties.
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Saji VS. Recent Updates on Supramolecular-Based Drug Delivery - Macrocycles and Supramolecular Gels. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200053. [PMID: 35510981 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecules-based drug delivery has attracted significant recent research attention as it could enhance drug solubility, retention time, targeting, and stimuli responsiveness. Among the different supramolecules and assemblies, the macrocycles and the supramolecular hydrogels are the two important categories investigated to a greater extent. Here, we provide the most recent advancements in these categories. Under macrocycles, reports on drug delivery by cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, calixarenes/pillararenes, crown ethers and porphyrins are detailed. The second category discusses the supramolecular hydrogels of macrocycles/polymers and low molecular weight gelators. The updated information provided could be helpful to advance R & D in this vital area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan S Saji
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Roy R, Majumder J, Datta HK, Parveen R, Dastidar P. Supramolecular Hydrogels Developed from Mafenide and Indomethacin as a Plausible Multidrug Self-Delivery System as Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Topical Gels. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:610-621. [PMID: 35143154 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Following a structural rationale, a series of simple organic salts derived from mafenide (a drug for treating burn wounds) and n-alkyl carboxylic acids (Me-(CH2)n-COOH; n = 1-3, 10-15) and various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely, indomethacin (IND), diclofenac (DIC), meclofenamic acid (MEC), tolfenamic acid (TOL), and flufenamic acid (FLU) (designated as salts 1-14, respectively) were synthesized as potential hydrogelators. Gelation studies revealed that mafenide n-alkyl carboxylates with n = 11-14, i.e., salts 5-8, and the indomethacin salt of mafenide, i.e., salt 10, were hydrogelators. The corresponding hydrogels, namely, 5(HG)-8(HG) and 10(HG), were characterized by table-top and dynamic rheology and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Single-crystal structures of the nongelator salts 1-3 and the gelator salt 10 were determined by X-ray diffraction. The results obtained from various studies, which included the solubility, biostability, biocompatibility (MTT assay), and anti-inflammatory (PGE2 assay) response of salt 10, the antibacterial response (zone inhibition assay) of salt 10, its components, and 10(HG), and the release of salt 10 in vitro from the corresponding hydrogel bed to the bulk solvent at 37 °C in 24 h, suggested their plausible use in developing multidrug-derived topical hydrogels for self-delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdip Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Joydeb Majumder
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rumana Parveen
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Parthasarathi Dastidar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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Khan BA, Ali A, Hosny KM, Halwani AA, Almehmady AM, Iqbal M, Alharbi WS, Abualsunun WA, Bakhaidar RB, Murshid SSA, Khan MK. Carbopol emulgel loaded with ebastine for urticaria: development, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2021; 29:52-61. [PMID: 34962186 PMCID: PMC8725930 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2015483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Urticaria affects all age groups of a population. It is triggered by allergens in foods, insect bites, medications, and environmental conditions. Urticaria is characterized by itching, a burning sensation, wheals and flares, erythema, and localized edema. The aim of this study was to develop a polymeric dosage form of ebastine using Carbopol 940 and mixture of span and tween. The emulsion was prepared, the gelling agent was added and the desired emulgel loaded with active drug was formulated. The formulations were subjected to physical stability, pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content analysis, thermal analysis, in vitro drug release, and in vivo anti-allergic activity in animal model. The formulated emulgel exhibited good physical stability. The pH of the formulation was in the range of 5.2 ± 0.17 to 5.5 ± 0.20 which is suitable for topical application. Insignificant changes (p > .05) were observed in viscosity and spreadability of stored emulgels. The drug content was in the official limit of Pharmacopeia (i.e. 100 ± 10%). DSC measurements predicted that there is no interaction between the active moiety and excipients in emulgel formulation. The optimized formulation (ES3) released 74.25 ± 1.8% of ebastine after 12 h. The ebastine emulgel showed significant (p < .05; ANOVA) in vivo anti-allergic activity as compared to commercial product Benadryl® in histamine-induced allergy in rabbits. This study concluded that a topical drug delivery of ebastine-loaded emulgel could be well tolerated and safe for the treatment of urticaria/hives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkat Ali Khan
- Drug Delivery and Cosmetic Lab (DDCL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Ali
- Drug Delivery and Cosmetic Lab (DDCL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Khaled M Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Halwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshaimaa M Almehmady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Drug Delivery and Cosmetic Lab (DDCL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Waleed S Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A Abualsunun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana B Bakhaidar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar S A Murshid
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Khalid Khan
- Drug Delivery and Cosmetic Lab (DDCL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
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Piras CC, Patterson AK, Smith DK. Hybrid Self-Assembled Gel Beads for Tuneable pH-Controlled Rosuvastatin Delivery. Chemistry 2021; 27:13203-13210. [PMID: 34346527 PMCID: PMC8519141 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the fabrication of new pH-responsive hybrid gel beads combining the polymer gelator calcium alginate with two different low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) based on 1,3 : 2,4-dibenzylidene-d-sorbitol: pH-responsive DBS-COOH and thermally responsive DBS-CONHNH2 , thus clearly demonstrating that different classes of LMWG can be fabricated into gel beads by using this approach. We also demonstrate that self-assembled multicomponent gel beads can be formed by using different combinations of these gelators. The different gel bead formulations exhibit different responsiveness - the DBS-COOH network can disassemble within those beads in which it is present upon raising the pH. To exemplify preliminary data for a potential application for these hybrid gel beads, we explored aspects of the delivery of the lipid-lowering active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) rosuvastatin. The release profile of this statin from the hybrid gel beads is pH-dependent, with greater release at pH 7.4 than at pH 4.0 - primary control of this process results from the pKa of the API. The extent of pH-mediated API release is also significantly further modified according to gel bead composition. The DBS-COOH/alginate beads show rapid, highly effective drug release at pH 7.4, whereas the three-component DBS-COOH/DBS-CONHNH2 /alginate system shows controlled slow release of the API under the same conditions. These initial results indicate that such gel beads constitute a promising, versatile and easily tuned platform suitable for further development for controlled drug-delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C. Piras
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslington, YorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | - David K. Smith
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslington, YorkYO10 5DDUK
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Bitencourt M, Viana OMMS, Viana ALM, Freitas JTJ, de Melo CC, Doriguetto AC. Buclizine crystal forms: First Structural Determinations, counter-ion stoichiometry, hydration, and physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical relevance. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119840. [PMID: 32890657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Buclizine (BCZ) is a chiral synthetic piperazine derivative which has antihistaminic, anti-muscarinic and antiemetic properties, and has been reintroduced as an appetite stimulant, especially for pediatric patients. Structural information about this drug, as well as other buclizine crystalline forms (solvates, salts and co-crystals) including the BCZ free-base (BCZ-FB), is non-existent. Here, we present for the first time the crystal structure of the monohydrochloride monohydrate salt of BCZ (BCZHCl·H2O), and of its anhydrous form, BCZHCl. Interestingly, BCZHCl·H2O was obtained by recrystallization from the raw material (BCZH2Cl2) in ethanol:water solution showing that BCZ anhydrous dihydrochloride salt changes easily to a monohydrochloride monohydrate salt modification, which raise concerns about formulation quality control. BCZHCl·H2O and BCZHCl crystallize in the orthorhombic space groups (Pna21 and Pca21) belonging to the mm2 point group and are thus classified as non-centrosymmetric achiral structures (NA). Intuitively, we expect these salts to crystallize in a space group with a center of symmetry, since less than 5% of the known racemic compounds crystallize in the NA type. The crystal structures of BCZH2Cl2 and BCZ-FB were not determined, but their existence was verified by other techniques (chloride ion analysis, PXRD, HPLC, FT-IR, DSC, TGA) and by comparison of the obtained results with those found for BCZHCl. Additionally, we have also performed an evaluation of the equilibrium solubility (at six different aqueous media) and the dissolution profile of the BCZHCl salt compared to the raw material and BCZ-FB. Different equilibrium solubility values were found comparing the three forms in acidic and neutral pH ranges and all of them were insoluble at pH > 7.0. Moreover, tablets prepared with BCZH2Cl2, BCZHCl or BCZ-FB show significant differences in terms of dissolution profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Bitencourt
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 701 Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil; Novartis Pharmanalytica AS, Via Serafino Balestra, 31, 6600 Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Olimpia Maria Martins Santos Viana
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 701 Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Andre Luiz Machado Viana
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 701 Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Tavares Jacon Freitas
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 701 Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cabral de Melo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 701 Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 701, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos Doriguetto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 701 Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 701, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil.
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He X, O'Shea KE. Rapid transformation of H 1-antihistamines cetirizine (CET) and diphenhydramine (DPH) by direct peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:123219. [PMID: 32768849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With growing interest in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), the number of research studies on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) mediated pollutant degradation has increased significantly due to its high radical generation potential upon activation. However, rare studies have focused on the non-radical based PMS reactions. In this study, degradation of model H1-antihistamines cetirizine (CET) and diphenhydramine (DPH) by unactivated PMS was investigated. Addition of scavengers to the reaction mixture ruled out the involvement of hydroxyl radical (OH), sulfate radical (SO4-), singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide anion radical (O2-), indicating direct PMS oxidation as the predominant reaction path. Such a mechanism was further supported by the N-oxide products identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Solution pH had a pronounced influence on the degradation kinetics regardless the presence or absence of transition metal Fe(II). The highest species dependent second order rate constants were kHSO5-/DPH0 of 175 ± 15.9 M-1 s-1 and kHSO5-/CET- of 36.6 ± 0.16 M-1 s-1. The addition of 100 μM Fe(II) promoted OH mediated degradation of H1-antihistamines and their N-oxide products. This study demonstrated selective transformation with the potential for extensive degradation employing both the direct and catalytic PMS oxidative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Kevin E O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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11
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Majumder J, Taratula O, Minko T. Nanocarrier-based systems for targeted and site specific therapeutic delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:57-77. [PMID: 31400350 PMCID: PMC6748653 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic drug delivery methods such as oral or parenteral administration of free drugs possess relatively low treatment efficiency and marked adverse side effects. The use of nanoparticles for drug delivery in most cases substantially enhances drug efficacy, improves pharmacokinetics and drug release and limits their side effects. However, further enhancement in drug efficacy and significant limitation of adverse side effects can be achieved by specific targeting of nanocarrier-based delivery systems especially in combination with local administration. The present review describes major advantages and limitations of organic and inorganic nanocarriers or living cell-based drug and nucleic acid delivery systems. Among these, different nanoparticles, supramolecular gels, therapeutic cells as living drug carriers etc. have emerged as a new frontier in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Majumder
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Oleh Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Dastidar P, Roy R, Parveen R, Sarkar K. Supramolecular Synthon Approach in Designing Molecular Gels for Advanced Therapeutics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathi Dastidar
- School of Chemical Sciences; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS); 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
| | - Rajdip Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS); 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
| | - Rumana Parveen
- School of Chemical Sciences; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS); 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
| | - Koushik Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS); 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
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13
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Christoff-Tempesta T, Lew AJ, Ortony JH. Beyond Covalent Crosslinks: Applications of Supramolecular Gels. Gels 2018; 4:E40. [PMID: 30674816 PMCID: PMC6209248 DOI: 10.3390/gels4020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, gels have been defined by their covalently cross-linked polymer networks. Supramolecular gels challenge this framework by relying on non-covalent interactions for self-organization into hierarchical structures. This class of materials offers a variety of novel and exciting potential applications. This review draws together recent advances in supramolecular gels with an emphasis on their proposed uses as optoelectronic, energy, biomedical, and biological materials. Additional special topics reviewed include environmental remediation, participation in synthesis procedures, and other industrial uses. The examples presented here demonstrate unique benefits of supramolecular gels, including tunability, processability, and self-healing capability, enabling a new approach to solve engineering challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Christoff-Tempesta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Andrew J Lew
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Julia H Ortony
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Su T, Qi X, Zuo G, Pan X, Zhang J, Han Z, Dong W. Polysaccharide metallohydrogel obtained from Salecan and trivalent chromium: Synthesis and characterization. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:285-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Mayr J, Saldías C, Díaz Díaz D. Release of small bioactive molecules from physical gels. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1484-1515. [PMID: 29354818 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00515f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical drugs with low water solubility have always received great attention within the scientific community. The reduced bioavailability and the need of frequent administrations have motivated the investigation of new drug delivery systems. Within this context, drug carriers that release their payload in a sustained way and hence reduce the administration rate are highly demanded. One interesting strategy to meet these requirements is the entrapment of the drugs into gels. So far, the most investigated materials for such drug-loaded gels are derived from polymers and based on covalent linkages. However, over the last decade the use of physical (or supramolecular) gels derived from low molecular weight compounds has experienced strong growth in this field, mainly due to important properties such as injectability, stimuli responsiveness and ease of synthesis. This review summarizes the use of supramolecular gels for the encapsulation and controlled release of small therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Mayr
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - César Saldías
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casella 302, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany. and Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Su T, Hong KH, Zhang W, Li F, Li Q, Yu F, Luo G, Gao H, He YP. Scaleable two-component gelator from phthalic acid derivatives and primary alkyl amines: acid-base interaction in the cooperative assembly. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4066-4073. [PMID: 28536712 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00797c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of phthalic acid derivatives (P) with a carbon-chain tail was designed and synthesized as single-component gelators. A combination of the single-component gelator P and a non-gelling additive n-alkylamine A through acid-base interaction brought about a series of novel phase-selective two-component gelators PA. The gelation capabilities of P and PA, and the structural, morphological, thermo-dynamic and rheological properties of the corresponding gels were investigated. A molecular dynamics simulation showed that the H-bonding network in PA formed between the NH of A and the carbonyl oxygen of P altered the assembly process of gelator P. Crude PA could be synthesized through a one-step process without any purification and could selectively gel the oil phase without a typical heating-cooling process. Moreover, such a crude PA and its gelation process could be amplified to the kilogram scale with high efficiency, which offers a practical economically viable solution to marine oil-spill recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Dandong Lu West 1, Fushun 113001, Liaoning, P. R. China.
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In situ injection of phenylboronic acid based low molecular weight gels for efficient chemotherapy. Biomaterials 2016; 105:1-11. [PMID: 27497056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Injectable low molecular weight gels (LMWGs) based on the derivatives of phenylboronic acid were prepared and used as substrates for efficient in situ chemotherapy. The gelators as well as LMWGs were characterized by (1)H NMR, UV-vis, FTIR, MS and SEM. Anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was encapsulated in the gels. The rheological properties and rapid recovery capability of both blank and drug-loaded gels were tested. The LMWGs were non-toxic to both 3T3 fibroblasts and 4T1 breast cancer cells. The gels were formed rapidly after injected in vivo. The in vivo anticancer activities of DOX-loaded LMWGs were investigated in breast cancer bearing mice. The intratumoral injection of DOX loaded LMWGs with dose of 30 mg/kg revealed that the gels could coat around the tumor tissues to release DOX sustainingly and maintain effective DOX concentration for chemotherapy. The systemic toxicity of DOX was reduced significantly with the in situ administration of LMWGs formulations. The injectable LMWGs exhibited excellent therapeutic efficacy and low side effects in local chemotherapy.
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Parveen R, Dastidar P. Supramolecular Gels by Design: Towards the Development of Topical Gels for Self-Delivery Application. Chemistry 2016; 22:9257-66. [PMID: 27226393 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Following a supramolecular synthon approach, simple salt formation has been employed to gain access to a series of supramolecular gelators derived from the well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen. A well-studied gel-inducing supramolecular synthon, namely primary ammonium monocarboxylate (PAM), has been exploited to generate a series of PAM salts by reacting ibuprofen with various primary amines. Remarkably, all of the salts (S1-S7) thus synthesized proved to be good to moderate gelators of various polar and nonpolar solvents. Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction studies established the existence of the PAM synthons in the gel network, confirming the efficacy of the supramolecular synthon approach employed. Most importantly, the majority of the salts (S2, S3, S6, and S7) were capable of gelling methyl salicylate (MS), an important ingredient found in many commercial topical gels. In vitro experiments (MTT and PGE2 assays) revealed that all of the salts (except S3 and S7) were biocompatible (up to 0.5 mm concentration), and the most suited one, S6, displayed anti-inflammatory ability as good as that of the parent drug ibuprofen. A topical gel of S6 with methyl salicylate and menthol was found to be suitable for delivering the gelator drug in a self-delivery fashion in treating skin inflammation in mice. Histological studies, including immunohistology, were performed to further probe the role of the gelator drug S6 in treating inflammation. Cell imaging studies supported cellular uptake of the gelator drug in such biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Parveen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Parthasarathi Dastidar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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