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da Silva Almeida LE, de Assis SA. Application of Immobilized β-Glucosidase from Candida boidinii in the Hydrolysis of Delignified Sugarcane Bagasse. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:650-670. [PMID: 39010988 PMCID: PMC11246346 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida boidinii is a methylotrophic yeast with wide geographical distribution. In the present study, the microorganism was isolated from the Bahian semiarid and the enzymatic extract containing β-glucosidase was obtained through submerged fermentation. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize of fermentation medium. The higher production of β-glucosidase was obtained after 71 h of fermentation in an optimized medium composed of 3.35% glucose, 1.78% yeast extract and 1% peptone. The optimum pH and temperature of enzymatic activity were 6.8 (citrate-phosphate buffer) and 71.7 °C, respectively. Salts tested (10 mM) CaCl2, Na2SO4 and ZnSO4 promotes the increase of 91%, 45% and 80% of activity, respectively. The enzyme retained 64% ± 2.3 of its initial activity after 1 h heating at 90 °C. The production of reducing sugars was 95.94% after 24 h of hydrolysis and, with the addition of metal ions, this value increased more than 2 times. Among the supports analyzed for immobilization, chitosan showed higher residual activity during reuse. The immobilized enzyme showed higher activity at 60 °C with pH 6 and preserved almost 100% of the initial activity after 30 min at 70 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Emanuelle da Silva Almeida
- Enzymology and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Transnordestina Ave., km 0, BR 116, Feira de Santana, Bahia 44036-900 Brazil
| | - Sandra Aparecida de Assis
- Enzymology and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Transnordestina Ave., km 0, BR 116, Feira de Santana, Bahia 44036-900 Brazil
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2
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Naskar P, Chakraborty D, Mondal A, Das B, Samanta A. Immobilization of α-amylase in calcium alginate-gum odina (CA-GO) beads: An easily recoverable and reusable support. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129062. [PMID: 38159691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A natural polysacharide, gum odina was collected from Odina wodier tree and purified. Purified gum odina was used with sodium alginate for immobilization of α-amylase. Calcium alginate-gum odina (CA-GO) beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method to find the improvement of immobilization efficiency and reusability of α-amylase over calcium alginate (CA) beads. XRD, SEM, FTIR, beads diameter, enzyme leaching from beads, moisture content, total soluble matter and swelling study have been carried out to understand the physical morphology and mechanism of immobilization of enzyme in beads matrix. It has been observed that if the polymer ratio changes (keeping enzyme conc. & calcium Chloride conc. constant) then the size and shape of the beads will vary and at a particular range of polymer ratio, the optimal beads forms. At a certain conc.(4%w/v of SA and 1%w/v GO), the immobilization efficiency of CA-GO and CA beads were 92.71 ± 0.85 % (w/w) and 89.19 ± 0.35 %(w/w) respectively. After 8th time use, the CA-GO beads remain (~4 fold) more active than that of CA beads. The FTIR confirms that GO does not interfere with α-Amylase and alginate. Here, it can be concluded that CA-GO beads show better efficiency in respect to immobilization, reusability than CA beads only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Naskar
- Division of Microbiology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Debpratim Chakraborty
- Division of Microbiology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anurup Mondal
- Division of Microbiology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Division of Microbiology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amalesh Samanta
- Division of Microbiology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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3
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Weng Y, Yang G, Li Y, Xu L, Chen X, Song H, Zhao CX. Alginate-based materials for enzyme encapsulation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102957. [PMID: 37392664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are widely used in industry due to their high efficiency and selectivity. However, their low stability during certain industrial processes can result in a significant loss of catalytic activity. Encapsulation is a promising technique that can stabilize enzymes by protecting them from environmental stresses such as extreme temperature and pH, mechanical force, organic solvents, and proteases. Alginate and alginate-based materials have emerged as effective carriers for enzyme encapsulation due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to form gel beads through ionic gelation. This review presents various alginate-based encapsulation systems for enzyme stabilization and explores their applications in different industries. We discuss the preparation methods of alginate encapsulated enzymes and analyze the release mechanisms of enzymes from alginate materials. Additionally, we summarize the characterization techniques used for enzyme-alginate composites. This review provides insights into the use of alginate encapsulation as a means of stabilizing enzymes and highlights the potential benefits for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Weng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guangze Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yang Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Letao Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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4
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Abdel-Mageed HM, Nada D, Radwan RA, Mohamed SA, Gohary NAEL. Optimization of catalytic properties of Mucor racemosus lipase through immobilization in a biocompatible alginate gelatin hydrogel matrix for free fatty acid production: a sustainable robust biocatalyst for ultrasound-assisted olive oil hydrolysis. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:285. [PMID: 36276456 PMCID: PMC9485409 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractImmobilization is a key technology that improves the operational stability of enzymes. In this study, alginate-gelatin (Alg-Gel) hydrogel matrix was synthesized and used as immobilization support for Mucor racemosus lipase (Lip). Enzyme catalyzed ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis of olive oil was also investigated. Alg-Gel matrix exhibited high entrapment efficiency (94.5%) with a degradation rate of 42% after 30 days. The hydrolysis of olive oil using Alg-Gel-Lip increased significantly (P < 0.05) as compared to free Lip. Optimum pH and temperature were determined as pH 5.0 and 40 °C, respectively. The Vmax values for free and immobilized Lip were determined to be 5.5 mM and 5.8 mM oleic acid/min/ml, respectively, and the Km values were 2.2 and 2.58 mM/ml respectively. Thermal stability was highly improved for Alg-Gel-Lip (t1/2 650 min and Ed 87.96 kJ/mol) over free Lip (t1/2 150 min and Ed 23.36 kJ/mol). The enzymatic activity of Alg-Gel-Lip was preserved at 96% after four consecutive cycles and 90% of the initial activity after storage for 60 days at 4 °C. Alg-Gel-Lip catalyzed olive oil hydrolysis using ultrasound showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in hydrolysis rate compared to free Lip (from 0.0 to 58.2%, within the first 2 h). In contrast to traditional methodology, using ultrasonic improved temperature-dependent enzymatic catalyzed reactions and delivered greater reaction yields. Results suggest that Alg-Gel-Lip biocatalyst has great industrial application potential, particularly for free fatty acid production. In addition, the combined use of enzyme and ultrasound has the potential of eco-friendly technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dina Nada
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Ali Radwan
- Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saleh Ahmed Mohamed
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), El Behoth St Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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T.sriwong K, Matsuda T. Recent Advances in Enzyme Immobilization Utilizing Nanotechnology for Biocatalysis. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotchakorn T.sriwong
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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6
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T.sriwong K, Matsuda T. Facile mussel-inspired polydopamine-coated 3D-printed bioreactors for continuous flow biocatalysis. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00040g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Enantiopure alcohol production by a flow system of 3D-printed bioreactor with immobilized Geotrichum candidum acetophenone reductase (GcAPRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotchakorn T.sriwong
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
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T.sriwong K, Kamogawa R, Castro Issasi CS, Sasaki M, Matsuda T. Geotrichum candidum acetophenone reductase immobilization on reduced graphene oxide: A promising biocatalyst for green asymmetric reduction of ketones. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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8
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Hafızosmanoğlu G, Ulu A, Köytepe S, Ateş B. Fabrication of Oleic Acid Grafted Starch‐based Hybrid Carriers for
l
‐Asparaginase Encapsulation. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gülşah Hafızosmanoğlu
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science İnönü University Malatya 44280 Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ulu
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science İnönü University Malatya 44280 Turkey
| | - Süleyman Köytepe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science İnönü University Malatya 44280 Turkey
| | - Burhan Ateş
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science İnönü University Malatya 44280 Turkey
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9
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Ma X, Sui H, Yu Q, Cui J, Hao J. Silica Capsules Templated from Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enzyme Immobilization and Catalysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3166-3172. [PMID: 33651618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the unique biological microenvironments of eukaryotic cells, hollow capsules are promising to immobilize enzymes due to their advantages for physical protection and improved activity of enzymes. Herein, we report a facile method to fabricate silica (SiO2) capsules using zeolitic imidazole framework-8 nanoparticles (ZIF-8 NPs) as templates for enzyme immobilization and catalysis. Enzyme-encapsulated SiO2 capsules are obtained by encapsulation of enzymes in ZIF-8 NPs and subsequent coating of silica layers, followed by the removal of templates in a mild condition (i.e., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution). The enzyme (i.e., horseradish peroxidase, HRP) activity in SiO2 capsules is improved more than 15 times compared to that of enzyme-loaded ZIF-8 NPs. Enzymes in SiO2 capsules maintain a high relative activity after being subjected to high temperature, enzymolysis, and recycling compared to free enzymes. In addition, multienzymes (e.g., glucose oxidase and HRP) can also be coencapsulated within SiO2 capsules to show a reaction with a high cascade catalytic efficacy. This work provides a versatile strategy for enzyme immobilization and protection with potential applications in biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Haiyan Sui
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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10
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Sathisaran I, Balasubramanian M. Physical characterization of chitosan/gelatin-alginate composite beads for controlled release of urea. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05495. [PMID: 33251361 PMCID: PMC7677684 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based controlled-release formulations are gaining significant advantage over chemical fertilizers in recent years as they contribute to the preservation of soil fertility by reducing soil pollution in farm lands. In this work, urea (a nitrogen source fertilizer) has been entrapped within chitosan-alginate and gelatin-alginate composite beads at three different concentrations. The physical properties of the polymer composite beads namely the diameter, porosity, yield percentage, Carr's index and Hausner's ratio were determined. These fertilizer-loaded beads were also characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Urea enhanced swelling of chitosan-alginate beads through the creation of pores whereas in the case of gelatin-alginate formulations, urea decreased the swelling. The swelling of the polymer composite beads was found to be maximum at pH of 5.6 when compared to that of pH conditions, 7 and 8.5. The chitosan-alginate composite beads were found to possess better fertilizer entrapping efficiency than the gelatin-alginate composite beads. The in vitro urea release studies demonstrated that the urea-entrapped gelatin-alginate beads exhibited slower urea release than that of the chitosan-alginate beads. These controlled release urea formulations were found to follow quasi-fickian diffusion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Sathisaran
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Wahab RA, Elias N, Abdullah F, Ghoshal SK. On the taught new tricks of enzymes immobilization: An all-inclusive overview. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Seelajaroen H, Bakandritsos A, Otyepka M, Zbořil R, Sariciftci NS. Immobilized Enzymes on Graphene as Nanobiocatalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:250-259. [PMID: 31816230 PMCID: PMC6953471 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using enzymes as bioelectrocatalysts is an important step toward the next level of biotechnology for energy production. In such biocatalysts, a sacrificial cofactor as an electron and proton source is needed. This is a great obstacle for upscaling, due to cofactor instability and product separation issues, which increase the costs. Here, we report a cofactor-free electroreduction of CO2 to a high energy density chemical (methanol) catalyzed by enzyme-graphene hybrids. The biocatalyst consists of dehydrogenases covalently bound on a well-defined carboxyl graphene derivative, serving the role of a conductive nanoplatform. This nanobiocatalyst achieves reduction of CO2 to methanol at high current densities, which remain unchanged for at least 20 h of operation, without production of other soluble byproducts. It is thus shown that critical improvements on the stability and rate of methanol production at a high Faradaic efficiency of 12% are possible, due to the effective electrochemical process from the electrode to the enzymes via the graphene platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hathaichanok Seelajaroen
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, Listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, Listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, Listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
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13
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The Carboxylated Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/l-Asparaginase Doped Calcium-Alginate Beads: Structural and Biocatalytic Characterization. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-03069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Qiao W, Liu H. Enhanced decolorization of malachite green by a magnetic graphene oxide-CotA laccase composite. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Golshaei R, Guler Gokce Z, Ghoreishi SM, Sezai Sarac A. Au/PANA/PVAc and Au/P(ANA- co-CNTA)/PVAc electrospun nanofibers as tyrosinase immobilization supports. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1252360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Golshaei
- University of Kashan, Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, Kashan, I. R. Iran
| | - Zeliha Guler Gokce
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Maslak, Turkey
| | - Sayed Mehdi Ghoreishi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, I. R. Iran
| | - A. Sezai Sarac
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Maslak, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Maslak, Turkey
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16
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Graphene oxide/poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)/sodium alginate-based dual responsive composite beads for controlled release characteristics of chemotherapeutic agent. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-017-0543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Zhao F, Wang Q, Dong J, Xian M, Yu J, Yin H, Chang Z, Mu X, Hou T, Wang J. Enzyme-inorganic nanoflowers/alginate microbeads: An enzyme immobilization system and its potential application. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Immobilization of proline-specific endoprotease on nonporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with amino group. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:1-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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