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Akmal MH, Kalashgrani MY, Mousavi SM, Rahmanian V, Sharma N, Gholami A, Althomali RH, Rahman MM, Chiang WH. Recent advances in synergistic use of GQD-based hydrogels for bioimaging and drug delivery in cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5039-5060. [PMID: 38716622 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dot (GQD) integration into hydrogel matrices has become a viable approach for improving drug delivery and bioimaging in cancer treatment in recent years. Due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted interest as adaptable nanomaterials for use in biomedicine. When incorporated into hydrogel frameworks, these nanomaterials exhibit enhanced stability, biocompatibility, and responsiveness to external stimuli. The synergistic pairing of hydrogels with GQDs has created new opportunities to tackle the problems related to drug delivery and bioimaging in cancer treatment. Bioimaging plays a pivotal role in the early detection and monitoring of cancer. GQD-based hydrogels, with their excellent photoluminescence properties, offer a superior platform for high-resolution imaging. The tunable fluorescence characteristics of GQDs enable real-time visualization of biological processes, facilitating the precise diagnosis and monitoring of cancer progression. Moreover, the drug delivery landscape has been significantly transformed by GQD-based hydrogels. Because hydrogels are porous, therapeutic compounds may be placed into them and released in a controlled environment. The large surface area and distinct interactions of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with medicinal molecules boost loading capacity and release dynamics, ultimately improving therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, GQD-based hydrogels' stimulus-responsiveness allows for on-demand medication release, which minimizes adverse effects and improves therapeutic outcomes. The ability of GQD-based hydrogels to specifically target certain cancer cells makes them notable. Functionalizing GQDs with targeting ligands minimizes off-target effects and delivers therapeutic payloads to cancer cells selectively. Combined with imaging capabilities, this tailored drug delivery creates a theranostic platform for customized cancer treatment. In this study, the most recent advancements in the synergistic use of GQD-based hydrogels are reviewed, with particular attention to the potential revolution these materials might bring to the area of cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hussnain Akmal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
| | | | - Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Drummondville, QC, Canada
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir 11991, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
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2
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Bartoli M, Marras E, Tagliaferro A. Computational Investigation of Interactions between Carbon Nitride Dots and Doxorubicin. Molecules 2023; 28:4660. [PMID: 37375213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of carbon dots is one of the frontiers of materials science due to their great structural and chemical complexity. These issues have slowed down the production of solid models that are able to describe the chemical and physical features of carbon dots. Recently, several studies have started to resolve this challenge by producing the first structural-based interpretation of several kinds of carbon dots, such as graphene and polymeric ones. Furthermore, carbon nitride dot models established their structures as being formed by heptazine and oxidized graphene layers. These advancements allowed us to study their interaction with key bioactive molecules, producing the first computational studies on this matter. In this work, we modelled the structures of carbon nitride dots and their interaction with an anticancer molecule (Doxorubicin) using semi-empirical methods, evaluating both geometrical and energetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bartoli
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elena Marras
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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3
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Azami M, Wei J, Valizadehderakhshan M, Jayapalan A, Ayodele OO, Nowlin K. Effect of Doping Heteroatoms on the Optical Behaviors and Radical Scavenging Properties of Carbon Nanodots. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:7360-7370. [PMID: 37113457 PMCID: PMC10123816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom doping is regarded as a promising method for controlling the optoelectronic properties of carbon nanodots (CNDs), notably their fluorescence and antioxidation activities. In this study, phosphorous (P) and boron (B) are doped at different quantities in the CNDs' structures to investigate their effects on the optical and antioxidation properties. Both the dopants can enhance light absorption and fluorescence, yet via different approaches. After doping, the UV-vis absorption of high P%-CNDs demonstrated a slight blue shift (348-345 nm), while the high B%-CNDs showed a minor red shift (348-351 nm), respectively. The fluorescence emission wavelength of doped CNDs changes marginally while the intensity increases significantly. Structural and composition characterizations show elevated levels of C=O on the surface of high P%-CND compared to low P%-CNDs. In B-doped CNDs, more NO3 - functional groups and O-C=O bonds and fewer C-C bonds form at the surface of high B%-CNDs compared to the low B%-CNDs. A radical scavenging study using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was carried out for all CNDs. It was found that the high B%-CNDs exhibited the highest scavenging capacity. The effects of the atomic properties of dopants and the resulting structures of CNDs, including atomic radius, electronegativity, and bond lengths with carbon, on the optoelectronic property and antioxidative reactions of CNDs are comprehensively discussed. It suggests that the effect of P-doping has a major impact on the carbogenic core structure of the CNDs, while the B-doping mainly impacts the surface functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Azami
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering (JSNN), University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering (JSNN), University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Mehrab Valizadehderakhshan
- Joint
School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering (JSNN), North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Anitha Jayapalan
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering (JSNN), University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Olubunmi O Ayodele
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering (JSNN), University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Kyle Nowlin
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering (JSNN), University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
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4
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Giordano MG, Seganti G, Bartoli M, Tagliaferro A. An Overview on Carbon Quantum Dots Optical and Chemical Features. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062772. [PMID: 36985743 PMCID: PMC10051812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots are the materials of a new era with astonishing properties such as high photoluminescence, chemical tuneability and high biocompatibility. Since their discovery, carbon quantum dots have been described as nanometric high-fluorescent carbon nanoparticles, but this definition has become weaker year after year. Nowadays, the classification and the physical explanation of carbon quantum dots optical properties and their chemical structure remain matter of debate. In this review, we provide a clear discussion on these points, providing a starting point for the rationalization of their classification and a comprehensive view on the optical and chemical features of carbon quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giuseppe Giordano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Seganti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Mattia Bartoli
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5 T, Canada
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Gulati S, Baul A, Amar A, Wadhwa R, Kumar S, Varma RS. Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Pathways to Photoluminescent Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:554. [PMID: 36770515 PMCID: PMC9920802 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a new family of photoluminescent 0D NPs, have recently received a lot of attention. They have enormous future potential due to their unique properties, which include low toxicity, high conductivity, and biocompatibility and accordingly can be used as a feasible replacement for conventional materials deployed in various optoelectronic, biomedical, and energy applications. The most recent trends and advancements in the synthesizing and setup of photoluminescent CQDs using environmentally friendly methods are thoroughly discussed in this review. The eco-friendly synthetic processes are emphasized, with a focus on biomass-derived precursors. Modification possibilities for creating newer physicochemical properties among different CQDs are also presented, along with a brief conceptual overview. The extensive amount of writings on them found in the literature explains their exceptional competence in a variety of fields, making these nanomaterials promising alternatives for real-world applications. Furthermore, the benefits, drawbacks, and opportunities for CQDs are discussed, with an emphasis on their future prospects in this emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gulati
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Arikta Baul
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Anoushka Amar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rachit Wadhwa
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies, and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
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6
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Zhao J, Li C, Du X, Zhu Y, Li S, Liu X, Liang C, Yu Q, Huang L, Yang K. Recent Progress of Carbon Dots for Air Pollutants Detection and Photocatalytic Removal: Synthesis, Modifications, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200744. [PMID: 36251773 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization has inevitably led to serious air pollution problems, thus it is urgent to develop detection and treatment technologies for qualitative and quantitative analysis and efficient removal of harmful pollutants. Notably, the employment of functional nanomaterials, in sensing and photocatalytic technologies, is promising to achieve efficient in situ detection and removal of gaseous pollutants. Among them, carbon dots (CDs) have shown significant potential due to their superior properties, such as controllable structures, easy surface modification, adjustable energy band, and excellent electron-transfer capacities. Moreover, their environmentally friendly preparation and efficient capture of solar energy provide a green option for sustainably addressing environmental problems. Here, recent advances in the rational design of CDs-based sensors and photocatalysts are highlighted. An overview of their applications in air pollutants detection and photocatalytic removal is presented, especially the diverse sensing and photocatalytic mechanisms of CDs are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are also provided, emphasizing the importance of synthetic mechanism investigation and rational design of structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Caiting Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xueyu Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Youcai Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shanhong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Le Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Kuang Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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7
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Modulation of the binding ability to biomacromolecule, cytotoxicity and cellular imaging property for ionic liquid mediated carbon dots. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112552. [PMID: 35580459 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the preparation of carbon dots (CDs), a variety of carbon sources and synthetic protocols are available which endow CDs with variable and unpredictable properties. In the present study, three CDs were developed with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide as the precursor through ethanol-thermal and hydrothermal strategies, termed as E-CDs and H-CDs, respectively. The features of these carbon dots, i.e., their physicochemical and optical properties, their interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as well as their imaging capability were investigated with respect to the CDs prepared with microwave assisted approach (W-CDs). E-CDs and H-CDs were demonstrated to exhibit similar framework structures and optical properties, and they exhibited larger particle-sizes than that of W-CDs. In addition, the increase of ethanol-thermal and hydrothermal reaction time strengthened the quantum yields of the CDs and promoted their binding capability with BSA. E-CDs and H-CDs showed similar cytotoxicity on normal (LX-2) and cancer (SK-Hep-1) cells. We further found that these CDs may readily enter the cells within 5 min, while the fluorescence of hydrophilic E-CDs and H-CDs was very weak with respect to that of hydrophobic W-CDs in cell imaging. On the other hand, all the CDs exhibited little impact on the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The present study is conducive to guide the preparation of suitable carbon dots for different application scenarios.
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8
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Hu H, Li P, Qiu J, Zhao M, Kuang M, Zhang Z, Wang D. Optical Visualization of Red-GQDs’ Organelles Distribution and Localization in Living Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:932807. [PMID: 35910373 PMCID: PMC9326348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.932807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a rapidly expanding interest in a new nanomaterial, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), owing to its profound potential in various advanced applications. At present, the study of GQDs mainly focuses on the new synthesis methods and surface modification. However, revealing the intracellular distribution of GQDs is currently not available, limiting in-depth understanding of its biological regulatory mechanism. To fill up this gap, the visualization study of red fluorescent graphene quantum dots (Red-GQDs) is helpful to clarify their subcellular distribution and metabolism in living cells system. Here, in this study, two-photon laser confocal microscopy was used to deeply analyze the uptake and subcellular distribution of Red-GQDs by HeLa cells at different concentrations and times through visual observation and discussed the effect of Red-GQDs on the metabolic of HeLa cells. The results indicated that Red-GQDs could be well-absorbed by HeLa cells and further revealed the differential distribution of Red-GQDs in different organelles (lysosomes and mitochondria) in a time-dependent manner. In addition, we confirmed that Red-GQDs significantly affect cell biological functions. Low concentrations of Red-GQDs are related to the autophagy pathway of cells, and high concentrations of Red-GQDs can induce ferroptosis in cells and promote the secretion of cellular exosomes. In the present study, the distribution and metabolic pathways of Red-GQDs in the subcellular structure of cells were characterized in detail through visual analysis, which can bring positive reference for the application of Red-GQDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Hu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meiji Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingjie Kuang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingjie Kuang, ; Zhaoyan Zhang, ; Dachuan Wang,
| | - Zhaoyan Zhang
- The 1st Department of Geriatrics of the 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingjie Kuang, ; Zhaoyan Zhang, ; Dachuan Wang,
| | - Dachuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingjie Kuang, ; Zhaoyan Zhang, ; Dachuan Wang,
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9
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Mao Z, Li H, Gan N, Suo Z, Zhang H, Zhao Q. Contribution of nicotinamide as an intracyclic N dopant to the structure and properties of carbon dots synthesized using three α-hydroxy acids as C sources. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:215705. [PMID: 35168216 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac553e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fixed carbon source and different dopants are mainly used to study the effect of heteroatoms on the structure and properties of carbon dots (CDs). As reactants, some dopants with conjugated structure and high nitrogen content may have important contributions to the structure and properties of doped CDs in addition to providing heteroatoms. Herein, to study the effect of fixed dopant on the structure and properties of CDs, three different CDs were synthesized using nicotinamide (NAA) and three commonα-hydroxy acids (4-5 carbon atoms), and the optimal conditions were determined by orthogonal experimentation. Transmission electron microscopic micrographs showed that the average size of CDs based on nicotinamide are relatively large, up to 19.40 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that these CDs have graphite nitrogen and several functional group structures. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectra, and fluorescence lifetime illustrated that these CDs have similar emission centers (460-470 nm) and fluorescence processes. The influence of carbon source on the surface structure of CDs was determined by systematically analyzing the response of these CDs in different pH ranges. DFT calculations revealed the distribution characteristics of the electrons in the excited state at the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of CDs. All the above characterizations and calculations proved that NAA is a desirable dopant with an important contribution to the structure and properties of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Mao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Gan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Suo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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10
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Kaimal R, Mansukhlal PN, Aljafari B, Anandan S, Ashokkumar M. Ultrasound-aided synthesis of gold-loaded boron-doped graphene quantum dots interface towards simultaneous electrochemical determination of guanine and adenine biomolecules. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 83:105921. [PMID: 35066331 PMCID: PMC8783145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To acquire substantial electrochemical signals of guanine-GUA and adenine-ADE present in deoxyribonucleic acid-DNA, it is critical to investigate innovative electrode materials and their interfaces. In this study, gold-loaded boron-doped graphene quantum dots (Au@B-GQDs) interface was prepared via ultrasound-aided reduction method for monitoring GUA and ADE electrochemically. Transmission electron microscopy-TEM, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy-UV-Vis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy-XPS, cyclic voltammetry-CV, and differential pulse voltammetry-DPV were used to examine the microstructure of the fabricated interfaceand demonstrate its electrochemical characteristics. The sensor was constructed by depositing the as-prepared Au@B-GQDs as a thin layer on a glassy carbon-GC electrode by the drop-casting method and carried out the electrochemical studies. The resulting sensor exhibited a good response with a wide linear range (GUA = 0.5-20 μM, ADE = 0.1-20 μM), a low detection limit-LOD (GUA = 1.71 μM, ADE = 1.84 μM), excellent sensitivity (GUA = 0.0820 µAµM-1, ADE = 0.1561 µAµM-1) and selectivity with common interferents results from biological matrixes. Furthermore, it seems to have prominentselectivity, reproducibility, repeatability, and long-lastingstability. The results demonstrate that the fabricated Au@B-GQDs/GC electrode is a simple and effective sensing platform for detecting GUA and ADE in neutral media at low potential as it exhibited prominent synergistic impact and outstanding electrocatalytic activity corresponding to individual AuNPs and B-GQDs modified electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Kaimal
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Patel Nishant Mansukhlal
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Belqasem Aljafari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India.
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11
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Tian B, Fu T, Wan Y, Ma Y, Wang Y, Feng Z, Jiang Z. B- and N-doped carbon dots by one-step microwave hydrothermal synthesis: tracking yeast status and imaging mechanism. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:456. [PMID: 34963471 PMCID: PMC8715610 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01211-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon dots (CDs) are widely used in cell imaging due to their excellent optical properties, biocompatibility and low toxicity. At present, most of the research on CDs focuses on biomedical application, while there are few studies on the application of microbial imaging. Results In this study, B- and N-doped carbon dots (BN-CDs) were prepared from citric acid, ethylenediamine, and boric acid by microwave hydrothermal method. Based on BN-CDs labeling yeast, the dead or living of yeast cell could be quickly identified, and their growth status could also be clearly observed. In order to further observe the morphology of yeast cell under different lethal methods, six methods were used to kill the cells and then used BN-CDs to label the cells for imaging. More remarkably, imaging of yeast cell with ultrasound and antibiotics was significantly different from other imaging due to the overflow of cell contents. In addition, the endocytosis mechanism of BN-CDs was investigated. The cellular uptake of BN-CDs is dose, time and partially energy-dependent along with the involvement of passive diffusion. The main mechanism of endocytosis is caveolae-mediated. Conclusion BN-CDs can be used for long-term stable imaging of yeast, and the study provides basic research for applying CDs to microbiol imaging. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01211-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tianxin Fu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yang Wan
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yun Ma
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhibiao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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13
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Zhu L, Shen D, Wu C, Gu S. State-of-the-Art on the Preparation, Modification, and Application of Biomass-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Dekui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Chunfei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K
| | - Sai Gu
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford GU2 7XH, U.K
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14
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Ma Y, Ma Z, Huo X, Gu M, Ma S, Jing Y, Wang Y, Yue Y, Feng Z, Tian B. Efficient Imaging of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Based on B- and N-Doped Carbon Dots. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10223-10231. [PMID: 32830509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The estimation of yeast viability with B- and N-doped carbon dots (BN-CDs) was investigated in this paper. BN-CDs with a fluorescent quantum yield of 65.47% were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. The size distribution of BN-CDs was relatively narrow, with the majority falling within 7.5-8.5 nm, and they were mainly composed of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and boron. BN-CDs were shown to have strong and stable fluorescence. They exhibited excitation-independent photoluminescence property, which could avoid the autofluorescence and limitation of the excitation source. Dead and live yeast cells were distinguished well by BN-CD staining in a short time, and there was no strict requirement for light protection. The application of BN-CDs in beer brewing can solve the problem of estimation of yeast viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiyue Huo
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Meiyu Gu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Sainan Ma
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Jing
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Yue
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhibiao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bo Tian
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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15
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Younis MR, He G, Lin J, Huang P. Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots for Bioimaging Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:424. [PMID: 32582629 PMCID: PMC7283876 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Being a zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterial of the carbon family, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) showed promising biomedical applications owing to their ultra-small size, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent photo stability, tunable fluorescence, and water solubility, etc., thus capturing a considerable attention in biomedical field. This review summarizes the recent advances made in the research field of GQDs and place special emphasis on their bioimaging applications. We briefly introduce the synthesis strategies of GQDs, including top-down and bottom-up strategies. The bioimaging applications of GQDs are also discussed in detail, including optical [fluorescence (FL)], two-photon FL, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dual-modal imaging. In the end, the challenges and future prospects to advance the clinical bioimaging applications of GQDs have also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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The Role of Functionalization in the Applications of Carbon Materials: An Overview. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/c5040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The carbon-based materials (CbMs) refer to a class of substances in which the carbon atoms can assume different hybridization states (sp1, sp2, sp3) leading to different allotropic structures -. In these substances, the carbon atoms can form robust covalent bonds with other carbon atoms or with a vast class of metallic and non-metallic elements, giving rise to an enormous number of compounds from small molecules to long chains to solids. This is one of the reasons why the carbon chemistry is at the basis of the organic chemistry and the biochemistry from which life on earth was born. In this context, the surface chemistry assumes a substantial role dictating the physical and chemical properties of the carbon-based materials. Different functionalities are obtained by bonding carbon atoms with heteroatoms (mainly oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur) determining a certain reactivity of the compound which otherwise is rather weak. This holds for classic materials such as the diamond, the graphite, the carbon black and the porous carbon but functionalization is widely applied also to the carbon nanostructures which came at play mainly in the last two decades. As a matter of fact, nowadays, in addition to fabrication of nano and porous structures, the functionalization of CbMs is at the basis of a number of applications as catalysis, energy conversion, sensing, biomedicine, adsorption etc. This work is dedicated to the modification of the surface chemistry reviewing the different approaches also considering the different macro and nano allotropic forms of carbon.
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Lu H, Li W, Dong H, Wei M. Graphene Quantum Dots for Optical Bioimaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902136. [PMID: 31304647 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have shown great potential in bioimaging applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, feasibility for surface functionalization, physiological stability, and tunable fluorescence properties. This Review first introduces the intriguing optical properties of GQDs that are suitable for biological imaging, and is followed by the GQDs' synthetic strategies. The emergent and latest development methods for tuning GQDs' optical properties are further described in detail. The recent advanced applications of GQDs in vitro, particularly in cell imaging, targeted imaging, and theranostic nanoplatform fabrication, are included. The applications of GQDs for in vivo bioimaging are also covered. Finally, the Review is concluded with the challenges and prospectives that face this nascent yet exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Menglian Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, T6G, 2G2, Canada
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18
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Zhang X, Wei C, Li Y, Yu D. Shining luminescent graphene quantum dots: Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and biomedical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Zhao X, Dong L, Ming Y, Wang M, Lu Z, Xu Y, Li H. A magnetofluorescent boron-doped carbon dots as a metal-free bimodal probe. Talanta 2019; 200:9-14. [PMID: 31036230 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution observation of biological process is vital for biological researches and diagnosing diseases, which requires accurate diagnosis that involves coordinating imaging technologies such as fluorescence and magnetic resonance (MR). Nowadays, metal-based labels have been used for dual modality imaging. However, heavy metal ions are not environment-and organism-friendly. Therefore, it is a desirable to fabricate a metal-free label with fluorescence and MR properties. Herein, we synthesized boron-doped carbon dots (B-CDs) with dual modal properties through a one-pot solvothermal process. Compared with boron-free CDs, B-CDs exhibited apparent red-shift fluoresence emission, higher fluorescence intensity, and higher longitudinal relaxivity (r1 = 5.13 mM-1 s-1). It demonstrated that boron doping can enhance the fluorescence intensity of CDs, and maybe lead to form paramagnetic centers. The fluorescence and MR imaging of B-CDs make them a prospective label for clinical applications as a result of their oversimplified synthesis process, low cost, good biocompatibility and low toxicity. It will open a new window for building novel imaging labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Guangrong Dao No. 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Luxi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yali Ming
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Guangrong Dao No. 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Guangrong Dao No. 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zechao Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Guangrong Dao No. 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Guangrong Dao No. 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Huanrong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Guangrong Dao No. 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, China.
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Ge S, He J, Ma C, Liu J, Xi F, Dong X. One-step synthesis of boron-doped graphene quantum dots for fluorescent sensors and biosensor. Talanta 2019; 199:581-589. [PMID: 30952301 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom doping can endow graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with various new or improved structural, optical and physicochemical properties. In contrast to the widely reported oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur doping in GQDs, simple and scalable synthesis of boron-doped GQDs (B-GQDs) with high yield and quantum yields remains challenge. In this work, B-GQDs are one-step synthesized and serve as the fluorescence probes for the fabrication of sensors towards Fe3+ ion or phosphate (Pi) as well as biosensor towards cytochrome C (Cyt C). The B-GQDs are facile synthesized using one-step bottom-up molecular fusion between 1,3,6-trinitropyrene and borax in sodium hydroxide under hydrothermal process. The synthesis can be performed using large volume autoclave (500 ml) with a high yield of 71%, indicating possibility for gram-scale production of B-GQDs. The as-prepared B-GQDs exhibit single or bilayer graphene structure, high crystallinity, uniform size, bright (absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of 16.8%) and excitation-independent green fluorescence (maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of 480 nm and 520 nm, respectively). Successful doping of B atoms in the lattice of GQDs enables high selectivity towards Fe3+. Based on quenching of fluorescence of B-GQDs by Fe3+ (turn-off model), detection of Fe3+ (with limit of detection-LOD of 31.2 nM) and Fe3+-rich Cyt C (with LOD of 5.9 μg/ml) are demonstrated. As Pi can recover Fe3+-quenched fluorescence of B-GQDs (turn-off-on model), indirect fluorescent detection of Pi is also achieved with LOD of 340 nM. In addition, detection of Fe3+, Cyt C and Pi in real samples is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jingbo He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Chenxing Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Fengna Xi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
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Murugesan B, Arumugam M, Pandiyan N, Veerasingam M, Sonamuthu J, Samayanan S, Mahalingam S. Ornamental morphology of ionic liquid functionalized ternary doped N, P, F and N, B, F-reduced graphene oxide and their prevention activities of bacterial biofilm-associated with orthopedic implantation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:1122-1132. [PMID: 30812996 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional biological active material design for bone tissue engineering is essential to induce osteoblast cell proliferation and attachment. Adhesion of bacteria on biomaterials to produce biofilms can be major contributors to the pathogenesis of implant material associated infections. This research work focuses on NPF& NBF elemental doping and functionalization of reduced graphene oxide using an imidazolium-based ionic liquid such as BMIM PF6 and BMIM BF4 by hydrothermal method. The resulting tri doped reduced graphene oxide (NPF-rGO and NBF-rGO) composite was further used as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering and anti-biofilm activities. The observation of the effect of NPF-rGO and NBF-rGO on the morphology, adhesion and cell proliferation of HOS cell was investigated. Moreover, the tri doped composite tested its antibiofilm properties against B. subtilis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa pathogenic bacteria. In-vitro studies clearly show the effectiveness of N, P, B, and F doping promoting the rGO mineralization, biocompatibility, and destruction of bacterial biofilm formation. The result of this study suggests that NPF-rGO and NBF-rGO hybrid material will be a promising scaffold for bone reaeration and implantation with a minimal bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Murugesan
- Advanced Green Chemistry Lab, Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mayakrishnan Arumugam
- Advanced Green Chemistry Lab, Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nithya Pandiyan
- Advanced Green Chemistry Lab, Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthulakshmi Veerasingam
- Advanced Green Chemistry Lab, Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jegatheeswaran Sonamuthu
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Selvam Samayanan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Jung-Gu, Pil-Dong, Seoul 100715, South Korea
| | - Sundrarajan Mahalingam
- Advanced Green Chemistry Lab, Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Carbon Nanodots: A Review—From the Current Understanding of the Fundamental Photophysics to the Full Control of the Optical Response. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/c4040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging family of nanosystems displaying a range of fascinating properties. Broadly speaking, they can be described as small, surface-functionalized carbonaceous nanoparticles characterized by an intense and tunable fluorescence, a marked sensitivity to the environment and a range of interesting photochemical properties. CDs are currently the subject of very intense research, motivated by their possible applications in many fields, including bioimaging, solar energy harvesting, nanosensing, light-emitting devices and photocatalyis. This review covers the latest advancements in the field of CDs, with a focus on the fundamental understanding of their key photophysical behaviour, which is still very debated. The photoluminescence mechanism, the origin of their peculiar fluorescence tunability, and their photo-chemical interactions with coupled systems are discussed in light of the latest developments in the field, such as the most recent results obtained by femtosecond time-resolved experiments, which have led to important steps forward in the fundamental understanding of CDs. The optical response of CDs appears to stem from a very complex interplay between the electronic states related to the core structure and those introduced by surface functionalization. In addition, the structure of CD energy levels and the electronic dynamics triggered by photo-excitation finely depend on the microscopic structure of any specific sub-type of CD. On the other hand, this remarkable variability makes CDs extremely versatile, a key benefit in view of their very wide range of applications.
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Zhang QQ, Yang T, Li RS, Zou HY, Li YF, Guo J, Liu XD, Huang CZ. A functional preservation strategy for the production of highly photoluminescent emerald carbon dots for lysosome targeting and lysosomal pH imaging. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14705-14711. [PMID: 30039824 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03212b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes, which can be easily targeted by molecules with abundant amino groups, play critical roles in endocytosis, autophagy, and phagocytosis; thus, it is important to accurately characterize lysosomes, including lysosomal pH, in living cells to understand their physiological and pathological functions. Herein, a new type of highly photoluminescent (PL) emerald carbon dots (CDs) was easily prepared through a functional preservation strategy (FPS) by simply mixing p-benzoquinone and ethanediamine at room temperature. The as-prepared CDs possessed abundant amino groups preserved from ethanediamine owing to FPS, and they exhibited excellent photostability as compared to the commercial LysoTracker probes. Consequently, they actively targeted lysosomes to sensitively respond to lysosomal pH in vitro owing to their abundant amino groups and good hydrophilicity. Thus, we could successfully monitor lysosomal pH dynamics during apoptosis in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Hai X, Guo Z, Lin X, Chen X, Wang J. Fluorescent TPA@GQDs Probe for Sensitive Assay and Quantitative Imaging of Hydroxyl Radicals in Living Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5853-5861. [PMID: 29350900 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent probe TPA@GQDs is fabricated by the conjugation of terephthalic acid (TPA) on the surface of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The TPA@GQDs probe not only has favorable dispersibility but also exhibits excellent fluorescence stability over a wide pH range and high ionic strength and favorable antiphotobleaching ability. The great fluorescence enhancement of TPA@GQDs induced by the reaction between TPA and hydroxyl radicals makes the TPA@GQDs a powerful probe for the sensitive assay of hydroxyl radicals, giving rise to a low detection limit down to 12 nmol L-1. Meanwhile, the obtained fluorescent TPA@GQDs probe shows low cytotoxicity and favorable biocompatibility. Its potential in bioimaging is demonstrated by the quantitative fluorescent imaging of hydroxyl radicals in living HeLa cells under different circumstances, which enables the opportunities to study hydroxyl radicals dynamics in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
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25
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Zhang R, Ding Z. Recent Advances in Graphene Quantum Dots as Bioimaging Probes. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-018-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hai X, Feng J, Chen X, Wang J. Tuning the optical properties of graphene quantum dots for biosensing and bioimaging. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3219-3234. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00428e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights new insights into the various strategies used to tune the optical features of graphene quantum dots, and their use as attractive and powerful probes for bio-sensing/imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hai
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Ji Feng
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
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27
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Feng J, Dong H, Pang B, Shao F, Zhang C, Yu L, Dong L. Theoretical study on the optical and electronic properties of graphene quantum dots doped with heteroatoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15244-15252. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01403e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
By the TD-DFT approach, we demonstrate that heteroatoms can assist charge transfer and alter the distribution of electron densities in doped-GQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Hongzhou Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Beili Pang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Feifei Shao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - ChunKai Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Liyan Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Lifeng Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
- Department of Physics
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28
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Wang H, Li R, Li Z. Nanohybrid of Co3O4 and histidine-functionalized graphene quantum dots for electrochemical detection of hydroquinone. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.09.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Liu Y, Duan W, Song W, Liu J, Ren C, Wu J, Liu D, Chen H. Red Emission B, N, S-co-Doped Carbon Dots for Colorimetric and Fluorescent Dual Mode Detection of Fe 3+ Ions in Complex Biological Fluids and Living Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12663-12672. [PMID: 28339185 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorimetric and fluorescent dual mode detection methods have gained much attention in recent years; however, it is still desirable to develop new colorimetric and fluorescent dual mode nanosensors with more simple preparation procedures, low cost, and excellent biocompatibility. Herein, a colorimetric and fluorescent nanosensor based on B, N, S-co-doped carbon dots (BNS-CDs) was synthesized by one-step hydrothermal treatment of 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid and 4-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride. Using this nanosensor, a highly sensitive assay of Fe3+ in the range of 0.3-546 μM with a detection limit of 90 nM was provided by quenching the red emission fluorescence. It is more attractive that Fe3+ can also be visualized by this nanosensor via evident color changes of the solution (from red to blue) under sunlight without the aid of an ultraviolet (UV) lamp. Furthermore, the designed nanosensor can be applied for efficient detection of intracellular Fe3+ with excellent biocompatibility and cellular imaging capability, and it holds great promise in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenxiu Duan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wei Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cuiling Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province , Lanzhou 730000, China
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30
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Cheng C, Li S, Thomas A, Kotov NA, Haag R. Functional Graphene Nanomaterials Based Architectures: Biointeractions, Fabrications, and Emerging Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1826-1914. [PMID: 28075573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional graphene nanomaterials (FGNs) are fast emerging materials with extremely unique physical and chemical properties and physiological ability to interfere and/or interact with bioorganisms; as a result, FGNs present manifold possibilities for diverse biological applications. Beyond their use in drug/gene delivery, phototherapy, and bioimaging, recent studies have revealed that FGNs can significantly promote interfacial biointeractions, in particular, with proteins, mammalian cells/stem cells, and microbials. FGNs can adsorb and concentrate nutrition factors including proteins from physiological media. This accelerates the formation of extracellular matrix, which eventually promotes cell colonization by providing a more beneficial microenvironment for cell adhesion and growth. Furthermore, FGNs can also interact with cocultured cells by physical or chemical stimulation, which significantly mediate their cellular signaling and biological performance. In this review, we elucidate FGNs-bioorganism interactions and summarize recent advancements on designing FGN-based two-dimensional and three-dimensional architectures as multifunctional biological platforms. We have also discussed the representative biological applications regarding these FGN-based bioactive architectures. Furthermore, the future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted. Due to the lack of comprehensive reviews in this emerging field, this review may catch great interest and inspire many new opportunities across a broad range of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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31
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Wang H, Yang Y, Zhou X, Li R, Li Z. NiCo2S4/tryptophan-functionalized graphene quantum dot nanohybrids for high-performance supercapacitors. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03443h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a facile synthesis of NiCo2S4via a one-step hydrothermal reaction and its hybrid with tryptophan-functionalized graphene quantum dots. The nanohybrid electrode exhibits significantly enhanced electrochemical performance for supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Wang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Jiangsu Graphene Inspection Technology Key Laboratory
- Jiangsu Province Special Equiment Safety Supervision and Inspection Institute Branch of Wuxi
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Ruiyi Li
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Zaijun Li
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
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32
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Iannazzo D, Ziccarelli I, Pistone A. Graphene quantum dots: multifunctional nanoplatforms for anticancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6471-6489. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00747g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the recent advances in the application of GQDs as innovative nanoplatforms for anticancer therapy and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iannazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
- University of Messina
- Contrada Di Dio
- Italy
| | - Ida Ziccarelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
- University of Messina
- Contrada Di Dio
- Italy
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33
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Zhou J, Zhou H, Tang J, Deng S, Yan F, Li W, Qu M. Carbon dots doped with heteroatoms for fluorescent bioimaging: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-2043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Wang YT, Wang N, Chen ML, Yang T, Wang JH. One step preparation of proton-functionalized photoluminescent graphitic carbon nitride and its sensing applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton-functionalized g-C3N4 was synthesized using thiourea and HNO3 as source materials under microwave for only 3 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
| | - Ning Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
| | - Ming-Li Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
| | - Ting Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
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35
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Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive account on the current research status regarding the toxicity of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) – a new nano material with profound potential in various advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wang
- Environmental Engineering & Queensland Miro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan Campus
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Ivan S. Cole
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering – Clayton
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Qin Li
- Environmental Engineering & Queensland Miro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan Campus
- Brisbane
- Australia
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36
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Zhou S, Xu H, Gan W, Yuan Q. Graphene quantum dots: recent progress in preparation and fluorescence sensing applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24349e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews recent activities in the preparation and fluorescence sensing applications of graphene quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghai Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hebei Normal University for Nationalities
- Chengde 067000
- China
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology
| | - Hongbo Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hebei Normal University for Nationalities
- Chengde 067000
- China
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology
| | - Wei Gan
- School of Natural Sciences and Humanities
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology
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37
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Wang K, Dong J, Sun L, Chen H, Wang Y, Wang C, Dong L. Effects of elemental doping on the photoluminescence properties of graphene quantum dots. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19673j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B/N//P/S atoms were doped into graphene quantum dots to tailor their surface functional groups and structural defects with the aim of improving their photoluminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Taishan Medical University
- Taian
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Taishan Medical University
- Taian
- P. R. China
| | - Liping Sun
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Taishan Medical University
- Taian
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Taishan Medical University
- Taian
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Taishan Medical University
- Taian
- P. R. China
| | - Chongxin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Taishan Medical University
- Taian
- P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Dong
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Taishan Medical University
- Taian
- P. R. China
- Department of Physics
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