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Kandasamy G, Maity D. Inorganic nanocarriers for siRNA delivery for cancer treatments. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:022001. [PMID: 38181441 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad1baf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
RNA interference is one of the emerging methodologies utilized in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases including cancer. This method specifically uses therapeutic RNAs (TpRNAs) like small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to regulate/silence the cancer-linked genes, thereby minimizing the distinct activities of the cancer cells while aiding in their apoptosis. But, many complications arise during the transport/delivery of these TpRNAs that include poor systemic circulation, instability/degradation inside the body environment, no targeting capacity and also low cellular internalization. These difficulties can be overcome by using nanocarriers to deliver the TpRNAs inside the cancer cells. The following are the various categories of nanocarriers-viral vectors (e.g. lentivirus and adenovirus) and non-viral nanocarriers (self-assembling nanocarriers and inorganic nanocarriers). Viral vectors suffer from disadvantages like high immunogenicity compared to the non-viral nanocarriers. Among non-viral nanocarriers, inorganic nanocarriers gained significant attention as their inherent properties (like magnetic properties) can aid in the effective cellular delivery of the TpRNAs. Most of the prior reports have discussed about the delivery of TpRNAs through self-assembling nanocarriers; however very few have reviewed about their delivery using the inorganic nanoparticles. Therefore, in this review, we have mainly focussed on the delivery of TpRNAs-i.e. siRNA, especially programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), survivin, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), vascular endothelial growth factor and other siRNAs using the inorganic nanoparticles-mainly magnetic, metal and silica nanoparticles. Moreover, we have also discussed about the combined delivery of these TpRNAs along with chemotherapeutic drugs (mainly doxorubicin) andin vitroandin vivotherapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshlenin Kandasamy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Communication, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, India
| | - Dipak Maity
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
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Hosseini M, Sobhanie E, Salehnia F, Xu G, Rabbani H, Naghavi Sheikholeslami M, Firoozbakhtian A, Sadeghi N, Hossein Farajollah M, Reza Ganjali M, Vosough H. Development of sandwich electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for COVID-19 diagnosis by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection based on Au@BSA-luminol nanocomposites. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108161. [PMID: 35659688 PMCID: PMC9130314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new and highly contagious disease posing a threat to global public health and wreaking havoc around the world. It's caused by the Coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). In the current pandemic situation, rapid and accurate SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis on a large scale is critical for early-stage diagnosis. Early detection and monitoring of viral infections can aid in controlling and preventing infection in large groups of people. Accordingly, we developed a sensitive and high-throughput sandwich electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on antigen detection for COVID-19 diagnosis (the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2). For the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, the ECL biosensor had a linear range of 10 ng mL-1 to 10 µg mL-1 with a limit of detection of 1.93 ng mL-1. The sandwich ECL immunosensor could be used in early clinical diagnosis due to its excellent recovery in detecting SARS-CoV-2, rapid analysis (90 min), and ease of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hosseini
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ebtesam Sobhanie
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Foad Salehnia
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hodjattallah Rabbani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Firoozbakhtian
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Sadeghi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Kara G, Calin GA, Ozpolat B. RNAi-based therapeutics and tumor targeted delivery in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114113. [PMID: 35063535 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, non-coding RNA-based therapeutics have proven as a great potential for the development of targeted therapies for cancer and other diseases. The discovery of the critical function of microRNAs (miRNAs) has generated great excitement in developing miRNA-based therapies. The dysregulation of miRNAs contributes to the pathogenesis of various human diseases and cancers by modulating genes that are involved in critical cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and tumorigenesis. miRNA (miRNA mimic, anti-miRNA/antagomir) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) can inhibit the expression of any cancer-related genes/mRNAs with high specificity through RNA interference (RNAi), thus representing a remarkable therapeutic tool for targeted therapies and precision medicine. siRNA and miRNA-based therapies have entered clinical trials and recently three novel siRNA-based therapeutics were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), indicating the beginning of a new era of targeted therapeutics. The successful clinical applications of miRNA and siRNA therapeutics rely on safe and effective nanodelivery strategies for targeting tumor cells or tumor microenvironment. For this purpose, promising nanodelivery/nanoparticle-based approaches have been developed using a variety of molecules for systemic administration and improved tumor targeted delivery with reduced side effects. In this review, we present an overview of RNAi-based therapeutics, the major pharmaceutical challenges, and the perspectives for the development of promising delivery systems for clinical translation. We also highlight the passive and active tumor targeting nanodelivery strategies and primarily focus on the current applications of nanoparticle-based delivery formulations for tumor targeted RNAi molecules and their recent advances in clinical trials in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goknur Kara
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Pre-Clinical and Clinical Applications of Small Interfering RNAs (siRNA) and Co-Delivery Systems for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123348. [PMID: 34943856 PMCID: PMC8699513 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of death and is the fourth most malignant tumor in men. The epigenetic and genetic alterations appear to be responsible for development of PC. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful genetic tool that can bind to its target and reduce expression level of a specific gene. The various critical genes involved in PC progression can be effectively targeted using diverse siRNAs. Moreover, siRNAs can enhance efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in inhibiting PC progression. However, siRNAs suffer from different off target effects and their degradation by enzymes in serum can diminish their potential in gene silencing. Loading siRNAs on nanoparticles can effectively protect them against degradation and can inhibit off target actions by facilitating targeted delivery. This can lead to enhanced efficacy of siRNAs in PC therapy. Moreover, different kinds of nanoparticles such as polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles and metal nanostructures have been applied for optimal delivery of siRNAs that are discussed in this article. This review also reveals that how naked siRNAs and their delivery systems can be exploited in treatment of PC and as siRNAs are currently being applied in clinical trials, significant progress can be made by translating the current findings into the clinical settings.
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RNAi-Based Approaches for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101638. [PMID: 34683931 PMCID: PMC8541396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, predicted to be the second leading cause of cancer-associated death by 2025. Despite intensive research for effective treatment strategies and novel anticancer drugs over the past decade, the overall patient survival rate remains low. RNA interference (RNAi) is capable of interfering with expression of specific genes and has emerged as a promising approach for pancreatic cancer because genetic aberrations and dysregulated signaling are the drivers for tumor formation and the stromal barrier to conventional therapy. Despite its therapeutic potential, RNA-based drugs have remaining hurdles such as poor tumor delivery and susceptibility to serum degradation, which could be overcome with the incorporation of nanocarriers for clinical applications. Here we summarize the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) in pancreatic cancer therapy in preclinical reports with approaches for targeting either the tumor or tumor microenvironment (TME) using various types of nanocarriers. In these studies, inhibition of oncogene expression and induction of a tumor suppressive response in cancer cells and surrounding immune cells in TME exhibited a strong anticancer effect in pancreatic cancer models. The review discusses the remaining challenges and prospective strategies suggesting the potential of RNAi-based therapeutics for pancreatic cancer.
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Wang C, Ding S, Wang S, Shi Z, Pandey NK, Chudal L, Wang L, Zhang Z, Wen Y, Yao H, Lin L, Chen W, Xiong L. Endogenous tumor microenvironment-responsive multifunctional nanoplatforms for precision cancer theranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ning X, Bao H, Liu X, Fu H, Wang W, Huang J, Zhang Z. Long-term in vivo CT tracking of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with Au@BSA@PLL nanotracers. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20932-20941. [PMID: 31660568 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05637h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) transplantation has attracted considerable interest for the treatment of pulmonary injury. Noninvasive and long-term tracking of hMSCs after transplantation in vivo, which is important for our understanding of the stem cell therapy, still remains a big challenge. Herein, we report on the development of a novel gold nanoparticle-based nanotracer to track by CT imaging the transplantation of hMSCs in vivo. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized on bovine serum albumin (BSA) via an in situ growth method and modified with a poly-l-lysine (PLL) layer, yielding Au@BSA@PLL nanotracers with enhanced biocompatibility and intracellular uptake. Au@BSA@PLL nanotracers were explored for in vitro and in vivo tracking of hMSCs with computer tomography (CT). Our results showed that the endocytosis of Au@BSA@PLL by hMSCs was as high as ∼293 pg per cell. Meanwhile, the nanotracers had a negligible influence on the viability, proliferation, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of the labeled hMSCs. Using a pulmonary fibrosis injury mouse model induced by bleomycin, the labeled hMSCs could be tracked by CT imaging up to 23 d after transplanted in vivo, suggesting the feasibility of Au@BSA@PLL as a potential cellular nanotracer for noninvasive and long-term CT tracking of hMSCs in lung tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Ning
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China. and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hongying Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Han Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Weizhi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Navyatha B, Nara S. Gold nanostructures as cancer theranostic probe: promises and hurdles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:766-796. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanostructures (GNSts) have emerged as substitute for conventional contrast agents in imaging techniques and therapeutic probes due to their tunable surface plasmon resonance and optical properties in near-infrared region. Thus GNSts provide platform for the amalgamation of diagnosis and treatment (theranostics) into a single molecule for a more precise treatment. Hence, the article talks about the application of GNSts in imaging techniques and provide a holistic view on differently shaped GNSts in cancer theranostics. However, with promises GNSts also face various hurdles for their use as theranostic probe which are primarily associated with toxicity. Finally, the article attempts to discuss the challenges faced by GNSts and the way ahead that need to be traversed to place them in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bankuru Navyatha
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, India
| | - Seema Nara
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, India
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10
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Artiga Á, Serrano-Sevilla I, De Matteis L, Mitchell SG, de la Fuente JM. Current status and future perspectives of gold nanoparticle vectors for siRNA delivery. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:876-896. [PMID: 32255093 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02484g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Discovering the vast therapeutic potential of siRNA opened up new clinical research areas focussing on a number of diseases and applications; however significant problems with siRNA stability and delivery have hindered its clinical applicability. As a result, interest in the development of practical siRNA delivery systems has grown in recent years. Of the numerous siRNA delivery strategies currently on offer, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stand out thanks to their biocompatibility and capacity to protect siRNA against degradation; not to mention the versatility offered by their tuneable shape, size and optical properties. Herein this review provides a complete summary of the methodologies for functionalizing AuNPs with siRNA, paying singular attention to the AuNP shape, size and surface coating, since these key factors heavily influence cellular interaction, internalization and, ultimately, the efficacy of the hybrid particle. The most noteworthy hybridization strategies have been highlighted along with the most innovative and outstanding in vivo studies with a view to increasing clinical interest in the use of AuNPs as siRNA nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Artiga
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER-BBN, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Chu Z, Chen L, Wang X, Yang Q, Zhao Q, Huang C, Huang Y, Yang DP, Jia N. Ultrasmall Au-Ag Alloy Nanoparticles: Protein-Directed Synthesis, Biocompatibility, and X-ray Computed Tomography Imaging. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1005-1015. [PMID: 33405791 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ultrasmall sizes of nanoparticles have attracted significant attention for potential applications in the fields of catalysis and nanomedicine. Herein, we reported on the green preparation and X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging of ultrasmall bimetallic bovine serum albumin-directed gold-silver (Au-Ag@BSA) nanoparticles (2-4 nm) using BSA as a stabilizing and template-directed agent. Further, the effects of synthesis conditions were systematically explored to prepare products by adjusting the different molar ratios of Au/Ag. The resulting Au-Ag@BSA nanoparticles exhibited the spherical shape, well-dispersed ability, as well as long-term room-temperature stability. The cytotoxicity effects of Au-Ag@BSA nanoparticles on A549 and MCF-7 cells were compared with those of individual Ag nanoparticles, and the results indicated a lower cytotoxicity effect by Au-Ag@BSA nanoparticles. Furthermore, the in vivo toxicity of Au-Ag@BSA nanoparticles was investigated in the early stage zebrafish embryos. The results indicate that there are not any obvious changes of survival and hatching percentages at multiple growth stages (4-120 hpf) even with a high level of Au-Ag@BSA nanoparticles (up to 80 mM), revealing good biocompatibility. Interestingly, a rational design of the Au/Ag molar ratio (3:2) surprisingly possessed enhanced CT performance compared to the performance of the Au nanoparticles and iohexol. Accordingly, this study highlights a new prospect in the green preparation of ultrasmall alloy nanomaterials with good biocompatibility and will be of great interest in developing CT contrast agent, catalyst, as well as drug delivery carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyun Chu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, 60 Jingzhong Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province 434020, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, 60 Jingzhong Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province 434020, China
| | - Qingye Yang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chusen Huang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yuankui Huang
- Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, 60 Jingzhong Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province 434020, China
| | - Da-Peng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, 398 Donghai Street, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Nengqin Jia
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
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Wang Z, Chen L, Chu Z, Huang C, Huang Y, Jia N. Gemcitabine-loaded gold nanospheres mediated by albumin for enhanced anti-tumor activity combining with CT imaging. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 89:106-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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A biomimetic Au@BSA-DTA nanocomposites-based contrast agent for computed tomography imaging. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:565-570. [PMID: 28576022 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of cancer is increasingly important for being considered to increase the survival rate in the treatment process. The past decades years have witnessed the great progress in the biological detection application of gold nanoparticles. Herein, we reported a facile one-pot synthesis process to obtain gold nanoparticles (Au@BSA) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a biotemplate following with conjugation of diatrizoic acid (DTA) for a potential X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging contrast agent (Au@BSA-DTA). The as-prepared biomimetic material was characterized systematically by several techniques. It was shown that the prepared biomaterial is colloid stable under the tested range of pH and temperature. The cell cytotoxicity assay, hemolytic assay and cell morphology observation showed that Au@BSA-DTA has good biocompatibility and hemocompatibility at a concentration of Au even up to 80μg/mL. Besides, the biomimetic material Au@BSA-DTA with double radiodense elements of Au and iodine displayed much stronger CT imaging effect compared with the traditional small molecule contrast agents, which paves the potential clinical application in cancer early diagnosis.
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