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Yu G, Tam HCH, Huang C, Shi M, Lim CKP, Chan JCN, Ma RCW. Lessons and Applications of Omics Research in Diabetes Epidemiology. Curr Diab Rep 2024; 24:27-44. [PMID: 38294727 PMCID: PMC10874344 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-024-01533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent advances in genomic technology and molecular techniques have greatly facilitated the identification of disease biomarkers, advanced understanding of pathogenesis of different common diseases, and heralded the dawn of precision medicine. Much of these advances in the area of diabetes have been made possible through deep phenotyping of epidemiological cohorts, and analysis of the different omics data in relation to detailed clinical information. In this review, we aim to provide an overview on how omics research could be incorporated into the design of current and future epidemiological studies. RECENT FINDINGS We provide an up-to-date review of the current understanding in the area of genetic, epigenetic, proteomic and metabolomic markers for diabetes and related outcomes, including polygenic risk scores. We have drawn on key examples from the literature, as well as our own experience of conducting omics research using the Hong Kong Diabetes Register and Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank, as well as other cohorts, to illustrate the potential of omics research in diabetes. Recent studies highlight the opportunity, as well as potential benefit, to incorporate molecular profiling in the design and set-up of diabetes epidemiology studies, which can also advance understanding on the heterogeneity of diabetes. Learnings from these examples should facilitate other researchers to consider incorporating research on omics technologies into their work to advance the field and our understanding of diabetes and its related co-morbidities. Insights from these studies would be important for future development of precision medicine in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gechang Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Henry C H Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Chuiguo Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Mai Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Cadmon K P Lim
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
- Chinese University of Hong Kong- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
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Amorim M, Martins B, Fernandes R. Immune Fingerprint in Diabetes: Ocular Surface and Retinal Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9821. [PMID: 37372968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a prevalent global health issue associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-known inflammatory, neurovascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of preventable blindness in developed countries among working-age adults. However, the ocular surface components of diabetic eyes are also at risk of damage due to uncontrolled diabetes, which is often overlooked. Inflammatory changes in the corneas of diabetic patients indicate that inflammation plays a significant role in diabetic complications, much like in DR. The eye's immune privilege restricts immune and inflammatory responses, and the cornea and retina have a complex network of innate immune cells that maintain immune homeostasis. Nevertheless, low-grade inflammation in diabetes contributes to immune dysregulation. This article aims to provide an overview and discussion of how diabetes affects the ocular immune system's main components, immune-competent cells, and inflammatory mediators. By understanding these effects, potential interventions and treatments may be developed to improve the ocular health of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madania Amorim
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
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Josifovska N, Andjelic S, Lytvynchuk L, Lumi X, Dučić T, Petrovski G. Biomacromolecular Profile in Human Primary Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells-A Study of Oxidative Stress and Autophagy by Synchrotron-Based FTIR Microspectroscopy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020300. [PMID: 36830838 PMCID: PMC9952973 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier Transform Infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy is a non-destructive and chemically sensitive technique for the rapid detection of changes in the different components of the cell's biomacromolecular profile. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress may cause damage to the DNA, RNA, and proteins in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which can further lead to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and visual loss in the elderly. In this study, human primary RPEs (hRPEs) were used to study AMD pathogenesis by using an established in vitro cellular model of the disease. Autophagy-a mechanism of intracellular degradation, which is altered during AMD, was studied in the hRPEs by using the autophagy inducer rapamycin and treated with the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1. In addition, oxidative stress was induced by the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment of hRPEs. By using SR-FTIR microspectroscopy and multivariate analyses, the changes in the phosphate groups of nucleic acids, Amide I and II of the proteins, the carbonyl groups, and the lipid status in the hRPEs showed a significantly different pattern under oxidative stress/autophagy induction and inhibition. This biomolecular fingerprint can be evaluated in future drug discovery studies affecting autophagy and oxidative stress in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Josifovska
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofija Andjelic
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Center, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus Liebig University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Retinal Research and Imaging, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xhevat Lumi
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Center, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Dučić
- CELLS-ALBA, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Split School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Kanjwal MA, Ghaferi AA. Advanced Waveguide Based LOC Biosensors: A Minireview. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5443. [PMID: 35891123 PMCID: PMC9323137 DOI: 10.3390/s22145443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This mini review features contemporary advances in mid-infrared (MIR) thin-film waveguide technology and on-chip photonics, promoting high-performance biosensing platforms. Supported by recent developments in MIR thin-film waveguides, it is expected that label-free assimilated MIR sensing platforms will soon supplement the current sensing technologies for biomedical diagnostics. The state-of-the-art shows that various types of waveguide material can be utilized for waveguide spectroscopic measurements in MIR. However, there are challenges to integrating these waveguide platforms with microfluidic/Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) devices, due to poor light-material interactions. Graphene and its analogs have found many applications in microfluidic-based LOC devices, to address to this issue. Graphene-based materials possess a high conductivity, a large surface-to-volume ratio, a smaller and tunable bandgap, and allow easier sample loading; which is essential for acquiring precise electrochemical information. This work discusses advanced waveguide materials, their advantages, and disease diagnostics with MIR thin-film based waveguides. The incorporation of graphene into waveguides improves the light-graphene interaction, and photonic devices greatly benefit from graphene's strong field-controlled optical response.
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Shakya M, Holland A, Klein AR, Rees GN, Laird J, McCallum JC, Ryan CG, Silvester E. Biomolecular modifications in the sacfry of Mogurnda adspersa in response to copper stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 248:106179. [PMID: 35576718 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is one of the most harmful contaminants in fresh-water systems. Fish larvae such as sacfry are particularly vulnerable to metals such as copper (Cu) due to a less-developed excretory organ system and permeable skin that can absorb metals directly from the water. However, the sublethal effects of metals on this life stage are not well understood. This study assessed the sublethal toxicity of Cu on purple-spotted gudgeon sacfry (PSG, Mogurnda adspersa). For this purpose, 96 h Cu toxicity bioassays were performed and toxic effects of Cu on PSG were measured at different levels of biological organization, from the individual (loss of equilibrium, wet weight), to tissue (chemical changes in retinal tissue composition) and molecular responses (whole body amino acid (AA) profiles). The EC10 and EC50 (ECx: effect concentration that affected X% of test organisms) were found to be 12 (9 - 15) µg Cu L-1 and 22 (19 - 24) µg Cu L-1, respectively. Copper stress caused a decrease in total amino acid content and changed the AA profile of PSG compared to the controls. Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) mapping techniques showed accumulation of Cu in the retinal tissues disturbing the distribution of other elements such as zinc, sulfur, phosphorus and potassium. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy of control and Cu treated eye tissues revealed a change in protein secondary structure in retinal tissues in response to Cu accumulation, as well as decreased levels of the molecular retinal, consistent with the degradation of rhodopsin, a key protein in the visual sensory system. This is the first study to demonstrate the multi-level responses of PSG arising from exposure to environmentally realistic Cu concentrations and suggests that AA profiling can serve as a useful tool to assess the impacts of metals on fresh-water organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Shakya
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution (DEEE), La Trobe University, Albury/Wodonga Campus, VIC, 3690, Australia.
| | - Aleicia Holland
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution (DEEE), La Trobe University, Albury/Wodonga Campus, VIC, 3690, Australia
| | - Annaleise R Klein
- Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Beamline, ANSTO - Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Gavin N Rees
- CSIRO Land and Water, and Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia
| | - Jamie Laird
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jeffrey C McCallum
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Chris G Ryan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Normanby Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ewen Silvester
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution (DEEE), La Trobe University, Albury/Wodonga Campus, VIC, 3690, Australia
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Xu Y, Hou X, Zhu Q, Mao S, Ren J, Lin J, Xu N. Phenotype Identification of HeLa Cells Knockout CDK6 Gene Based on Label-Free Raman Imaging. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8890-8898. [PMID: 35704426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identifying cell phenotypes is essential for understanding the function of biological macromolecules and molecular biology. We developed a noninvasive, label-free, single-cell Raman imaging analysis platform to distinguish between the cell phenotypes of the HeLa cell wild type (WT) and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) gene knockout (KO) type. Via large-scale Raman spectral and imaging analysis, two phenotypes of the HeLa cells were distinguished by their intrinsic biochemical profiles. A significant difference was found between the two cell lines: large lipid droplets formed in the knockout HeLa cells but were not observed in the WT cells, which was confirmed by Oil Red O staining. The band ratio of the Raman spectrum of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids was identified as the Raman spectral marker for HeLa cell WT or gene knockout type differentiation. The interaction between organelles involved in lipid metabolism was revealed by Raman imaging and Lorentz fitting, where the distribution intensity of the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane decreased. At the same time, lysosomes increased after the CDK6 gene knockout. The parameters obtained from Raman spectroscopy are based on hierarchical cluster analysis and one-way ANOVA, enabling highly accurate cell classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhu
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Mao
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Lin
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, People's Republic of China
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Amorim M, Martins B, Caramelo F, Gonçalves C, Trindade G, Simão J, Barreto P, Marques I, Leal EC, Carvalho E, Reis F, Ribeiro-Rodrigues T, Girão H, Rodrigues-Santos P, Farinha C, Ambrósio AF, Silva R, Fernandes R. Putative Biomarkers in Tears for Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:873483. [PMID: 35692536 PMCID: PMC9174990 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.873483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tear fluid biomarkers may offer a non-invasive strategy for detecting diabetic patients with increased risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) or increased disease progression, thus helping both improving diagnostic accuracy and understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. Here, we assessed the tear fluid of nondiabetic individuals, diabetic patients with no DR, and diabetic patients with nonproliferative DR (NPDR) or with proliferative DR (PDR) to find putative biomarkers for the diagnosis and staging of DR. Methods Tear fluid samples were collected using Schirmer test strips from a cohort with 12 controls and 54 Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) patients, and then analyzed using mass spectrometry (MS)-based shotgun proteomics and bead-based multiplex assay. Tear fluid-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs) were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, Western Blotting, and nano tracking. Results Proteomics analysis revealed that among the 682 reliably quantified proteins in tear fluid, 42 and 26 were differentially expressed in NPDR and PDR, respectively, comparing to the control group. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033101. By multicomparison analyses, we also found significant changes in 32 proteins. Gene ontology (GO) annotations showed that most of these proteins are associated with oxidative stress and small EVs. Indeed, we also found that tear fluid is particularly enriched in small EVs. T2D patients with NPDR have higher IL-2/-5/-18, TNF, MMP-2/-3/-9 concentrations than the controls. In the PDR group, IL-5/-18 and MMP-3/-9 concentrations were significantly higher, whereas IL-13 was lower, compared to the controls. Conclusions Overall, the results show alterations in tear fluid proteins profile in diabetic patients with retinopathy. Promising candidate biomarkers identified need to be validated in a large sample cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madania Amorim
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jorge Simão
- Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Barreto
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Marques
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ermelindo Carreira Leal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Farinha
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rufino Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Rosa Fernandes
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Nimer R, Kamel G, Obeidat MA, Dahabiyeh LA. Investigating the molecular structure of plasma in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy by synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120259. [PMID: 34388428 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality which, in many cases, is derived from the progressive kidney dysfunction due to diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, synchrotron-Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to identify molecular changes in the lipid and protein regions in the plasma of patients with different stages of DN (mild, moderate, severe and end-stage), and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without DN. Our results revealed different conformational changes in the proteins secondary structure between DN stages, and between DN and T2DM groups illustrated by peak shifts and intensity alterations. End-stage DN showed the highest CH2/CH3 ratio and intensity of the carbonyl group in protein-carbonyl region compared to other DN stages indicating high level of unsaturation and lipid peroxidation and oxidation conditions. Moreover, end-stage DN group was characterized by a decrease in amide I and amide II absorption signals which reflected a sign of hypoalbuminemia. When compared to T2DM, DN group demonstrated a higher oxidation state as confirmed via the high intensity of the carbonyl group and the high level of malondialdehyde. The current study highlights the promising role of SR-FTIR microspectroscopy as a new sensitive analytical approach that can be used to provide better understanding of the pathophysiology of DN, and guide the development of new preventive therapies and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refat Nimer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110 Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Gihan Kamel
- SESAME Synchrotron (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), 19252 Allan, Jordan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Motaz A Obeidat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Lina A Dahabiyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan.
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Scholl HPN, Boyer D, Giani A, Chong V. The use of neuroprotective agents in treating geographic atrophy. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 64:888-902. [PMID: 34153966 DOI: 10.1159/000517794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik P N Scholl
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Boyer
- Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrea Giani
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Victor Chong
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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10
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Noninvasive temporal detection of early retinal vascular changes during diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17370. [PMID: 33060607 PMCID: PMC7567079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy and loss of vision, are major health concerns. Detecting early retinal vascular changes during diabetes is not well documented, and only few studies have addressed this domain. The purpose of this study was to noninvasively evaluate temporal changes in retinal vasculature at very early stages of diabetes using fundus images from preclinical models of diabetes.
Non-diabetic and Akita/+ male mice with different duration of diabetes were subjected to fundus imaging using a Micron III imaging system. The images were obtained from 4 weeks- (onset of diabetes), 8 weeks-, 16 weeks-, and 24 weeks-old male Akita/+ and non-diabetic mice. In total 104 fundus images were subjected to analysis for various feature extractions. A combination of Canny Edge Detector and Angiogenesis Analyzer plug-ins in ImageJ were utilized to quantify various retinal vascular changes in fundus images. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine significant differences in the various extracted features from fundus images of diabetic and non-diabetic animals. Our novel image analysis method led to extraction of over 20 features. These results indicated that some of these features were significantly changed with a short duration of diabetes, and others remained the same but changed after longer duration of diabetes. These patterns likely distinguish acute (protective) and chronic (damaging) associated changes with diabetes. We show that with a combination of various plugging one can extract over 20 features from retinal vasculature fundus images. These features change during diabetes, thus allowing the quantification of quality of retinal vascular architecture as biomarkers for disease progression. In addition, our method was able to identify unique differences among diabetic mice with different duration of diabetes. The ability to noninvasively detect temporal retinal vascular changes during diabetes could lead to identification of specific markers important in the development and progression of diabetes mediated-microvascular changes, evaluation of therapeutic interventions, and eventual reversal of these changes in order to stop or delay disease progression.
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Clède S, Sandt C, Dumas P, Policar C. Monitoring the Kinetics of the Cellular Uptake of a Metal Carbonyl Conjugated with a Lipidic Moiety in Living Cells Using Synchrotron Infrared Spectromicroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:63-71. [PMID: 31617373 DOI: 10.1177/0003702819877260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Presented here is the exploitation of synchrotron infrared spectromicroscopy to evaluate the feasibility of monitoring the cellular uptake of rhenium-tris-carbonyl-tagged (Re(CO)3) lipophilic chains in living cells. To this aim, an in-house thermostated microfluidic device was used to limit water absorption while keeping cells alive. Indeed, cells showed a high survival rate in the microfluidic device over the course of the experiment, proving the short-term biocompatibility of the device. We recorded spectra of single, living, fully hydrated breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells and could follow the penetration of the rhenium complexes for up to 2 h. Despite the strong variations observed in the uptake kinetics between individual cells, the Re(CO)3 complex was traced inside the cells at low concentration and shown to enter them on the hour time scale by active transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clède
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, Ecole normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne université, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Sandt
- SMIS beamline, SOLEIL synchrotron, L'orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Paul Dumas
- SMIS beamline, SOLEIL synchrotron, L'orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Clotilde Policar
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, Ecole normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne université, Paris, France
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12
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Abstract
Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) represents an attractive molecular diagnostic modality for translation to the clinic, where comprehensive chemical profiling of biological samples may revolutionize a myriad of pathways in clinical settings. Principally, FT-IR provides a rapid, cost-effective platform to obtain a molecular fingerprint of clinical samples based on vibrational transitions of chemical bonds upon interaction with infrared light. To date, considerable research activities have demonstrated competitive to superior performance of FT-IR strategies in comparison to conventional techniques, with particular promise for earlier, accessible disease diagnostics, thereby improving patient outcomes. However, amidst the changing healthcare landscape in times of aging populations and increased prevalence of cancer and chronic disease, routine adoption of FT-IR within clinical laboratories has remained elusive. Hence, this perspective shall outline the significant clinical potential of FT-IR diagnostics and subsequently address current barriers to translation from the perspective of all stakeholders, in the context of biofluid, histopathology, cytology, microbiology, and biomarker discovery frameworks. Thereafter, future perspectives of FT-IR for healthcare will be discussed, with consideration of recent technological advances that may facilitate future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Finlayson
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Medical Devices and Health Technologies, Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Strathclyde , Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow , Glasgow G4 0NW , U.K.,WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street , Glasgow G1 1RD , U.K
| | - Christopher Rinaldi
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Medical Devices and Health Technologies, Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Strathclyde , Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow , Glasgow G4 0NW , U.K.,WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street , Glasgow G1 1RD , U.K
| | - Matthew J Baker
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street , Glasgow G1 1RD , U.K.,ClinSpec Diagnostics Ltd. , Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street , Glasgow G11RD , U.K
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13
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Moosavian SP, Arab A, Mehrabani S, Moradi S, Nasirian M. The effect of omega-3 and vitamin E on oxidative stress and inflammation: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 90:553-563. [PMID: 31442100 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Several studies have investigated the effect of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E on oxidative stress and inflammation, but their findings are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis is to elucidate the overall effects of co-supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E on oxidative stress and inflammation. Methods: We searched titles, abstracts, and keywords of relevant articles indexed in PubMed, ISI, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases up to December 2018 to identify eligible RCT studies. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect of co-supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E on oxidative stress and inflammation. Results: Overall, 7 RCTs with 504 participants were included in this meta-analysis. We found that co-supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E decreased hs-CRP (weighed mean difference (WMD) = -2.15 mg/L; 95% CI: -3.40, -0.91 mg/L; P < 0.001) concentrations and increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (WMD = 92.87 mmol/L; 95% CI: 31.97, 153.77 mmol/L; P = 0.03), and nitric oxide levels (NO) (WMD: 6.95 μmol/L; 95% CI: 3.86, 10.04, P < 0.001) compared with control group. Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E had no significant effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) (WMD: 1.54 mmol/L; 95% CI: -1.29, 4.36; P = 0.196), and glutathione (GSH) (WMD: 20.87 mmol/L; 95% CI: -20.04, 61.6, P = 0.31) levels. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis found that omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation significantly decreased hs-CRP and increased NO and TAC, although it had no significant effect on MDA and GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Arab
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasirian
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health School; and Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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14
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Moura HOMA, Câmara ABF, Santos MCD, Morais CLM, de Lima LAS, Lima KMG, de Carvalho LS. Advances in chemometric control of commercial diesel adulteration by kerosene using IR spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2301-2315. [PMID: 30798340 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adulteration is a recurrent issue found in fuel screening. Commercial diesel contamination by kerosene is highly difficult to be detected via physicochemical methods applied in market. Although the contamination may affect diesel quality and storage stability, there is a lack of efficient methodologies for this evaluation. This paper assessed the use of IR spectroscopies (MIR and NIR) coupled with partial least squares (PLS) regression, support vector machine regression (SVR), and multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) calibration models for quantifying and identifying the presence of kerosene adulterant in commercial diesel. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA), successive projections algorithm (SPA), and genetic algorithm (GA) tools coupled to linear discriminant analysis were used to observe the degradation behavior of 60 samples of pure and kerosene-added diesel fuel in different concentrations over 60 days of storage. Physicochemical properties of commercial diesel with 15% kerosene remained within conformity with Brazilian screening specifications; in addition, specified tests were not able to identify changes in the blends' performance over time. By using multivariate classification, the samples of pure and contaminated fuel were accurately classified by aging level into two well-defined groups, and some spectral features related to fuel degradation products were detected. PLS and SVR were accurate to quantify kerosene in the 2.5-40% (v/v) range, reaching RMSEC < 2.59% and RMSEP < 5.56%, with high correlation between real and predicted concentrations. MCR-ALS with correlation constraint was able to identify and recover the spectral profile of commercial diesel and kerosene adulterant from the IR spectra of contaminated blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloise O M A Moura
- Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59078-900, Brazil.
| | - Anne B F Câmara
- Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Marfran C D Santos
- Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Camilo L M Morais
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Leomir A S de Lima
- Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Kássio M G Lima
- Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Luciene S de Carvalho
- Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59078-900, Brazil.
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15
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Kahyaoglu LN, Rickus JL. Robust Covalent Coupling Scheme for the Development of FRET Aptasensor based on Amino-Silane-Modified Graphene Oxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14586-14596. [PMID: 30398888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous aptamers have been physisorbed on graphene oxide (GO) to develop fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based aptasensors using the fluorescence quenching property of GO. However, physisorbed aptasensors show poor signal reversibility and reproducibility as well as nonspecific probe displacement, and thereby are not suitable for many analytical applications. To overcome these problems when working with complex biological samples, we developed a facile and robust covalent surface functionalization technique for GO-based fluorescent aptasensors using a well-studied adenosine triphosphate binding aptamer (ABA). In the scheme, GO is first modified with amino-silane, and further with glutaraldehyde to create available carbonyl groups for the covalent attachment of a fluorophore and an amino dual modified ABA. The surface modification method was characterized by ζ-potential, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility of the resulting GO-based covalent aptasensor was determined and systematically compared with the physisorbed aptasensor. Although both sensors showed similar performance in terms of sensitivity and linearity, better selectivity and higher resistance to nonspecific probe displacement was achieved with the developed covalent ABA sensor. The surface modification technique developed here is independent of the aptamer sequence, and therefore could be used universally for different analytical applications simply by changing the aptamer sequence for the target biomolecule.
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16
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Singh AK, Mazumder AG, Halder P, Ghosh S, Chatterjee J, Roy A. Raman spectral probe and unique fractal signatures for human serum with diabetes and early stage diabetic retinopathy. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaed0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Wang N, Zhu F, Chen L, Chen K. Proteomics, metabolomics and metagenomics for type 2 diabetes and its complications. Life Sci 2018; 212:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Sharma S, Uttam KN. Nondestructive and Rapid Probing of Biochemical Response of Arsenic Stress on the Leaves of Wheat Seedlings Using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1461896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - K. N. Uttam
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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19
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Aboualizadeh E, Hirschmugl CJ. Highlighting IR Spectrochemical Imaging of the Retina. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:650-653. [PMID: 29729937 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An emerging application of mid-IR spectrochemical imaging of the retina is its utility in studying the highly localized biomolecular alterations in the chemistry of retinal cell layers associated with several pathological conditions. Spatially resolved IR images highlight simultaneous chemical composition of the entire span of the retina in a label-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol J Hirschmugl
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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20
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Temporal diabetes-induced biochemical changes in distinctive layers of mouse retina. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1096. [PMID: 29348593 PMCID: PMC5773523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To discover the mechanisms underlying the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a more comprehensive understanding of the biomolecular processes in individual retinal cells subjected to hyperglycemia is required. Despite extensive studies, the changes in the biochemistry of retinal layers during the development of DR are not well known. In this study, we aimed to determine a more detailed understanding of the natural history of DR in Akita/+ (type 1 diabetes model) male mice with different duration of diabetes. Employing label-free spatially resolved Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) chemical imaging engaged with multivariate analysis enabled us to identify temporal-dependent reproducible biomarkers of the individual retinal layers from mice with 6 weeks,12 weeks, 6 months, and 10 months of age. We report, for the first time, the nature of the biochemical alterations over time in the biochemistry of distinctive retinal layers namely photoreceptor retinal layer (PRL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and plexiform layers (OPL, IPL). Moreover, we present the molecular factors associated with the changes in the protein structure and cellular lipids of retinal layers induced by different duration of diabetes. Our paradigm provides a new conceptual framework for a better understanding of the temporal cellular changes underlying the progression of DR.
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21
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Cao T, Zhang X, Yang D, Wang YQ, Qiao ZD, Huang JM, Zhang P. Antioxidant effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the aTC1-6 pancreatic alpha cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:693-699. [PMID: 29117537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is a major barrier to achieving stable metabolic control in patients with diabetes which is a serious clinical concern. With progression of diabetes, the ability of pancreatic α-cells which respond to hypoglycemia becomes impaired; However, it is not clear whether the dysfunctional responses of α-cells during hypoglycemia are related with oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated whether epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has antioxidant potential on pancreatic alpha TC1-6 (αTC1-6) cell lines and protect the normal function of α-cells from H2O2 induced oxidative stress. ROS production, cell viability, glucagon secretion, and cell apoptosis were assessed. EGCG reduced ROS production and cell apoptosis, while restored cell viability and glucagon secretion within a particular concentration range. Moreover, EGCG activated Akt signaling and inhibited P38 as well as JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Taken together, EGCG prevented αTC1-6 cells from H2O2 induced oxidative stress, restored dysfunction of glucagon secretion and inhibited cell apoptosis via the activation of Akt signaling and suppression of P38 and JNK pathway. These results provide rationale for combining the conventional anti-hyperglycemia therapy and antioxidant therapy in order to avert hypoglycemia in clinical treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Qian Wang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Qiao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ming Huang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Understanding the antimicrobial activity of selected disinfectants against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186375. [PMID: 29036196 PMCID: PMC5643108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disinfectants and biocidal products have been widely used to combat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in homes and healthcare environments. Although disruption of cytoplasmic membrane integrity has been documented as the main bactericidal effect of biocides, little is known about the biochemical alterations induced by these chemical agents. In this study, we used Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and chemometric tools as an alternative non-destructive technique to determine the bactericidal effects of commonly used disinfectants against MRSA USA-300. FTIR spectroscopy permits a detailed characterization of bacterial reactivity, allowing an understanding of the fundamental mechanism of action involved in the interaction between bacteria and disinfectants. The disinfectants studied were ethanol 70% (N = 5), isopropanol (N = 5), sodium hypochlorite (N = 5), triclosan (N = 5) and triclocarban (N = 5). Results showed less than 5% colony forming units growth of MRSA treated with triclocarban and no growth in the other groups. Nearly 70,000 mid-infrared spectra from the five treatments and the two control (untreated; N = 4) groups of MRSA (bacteria grown in TSB and incubated at 37°C (Control I) / at ambient temperature (Control II), for 24h) were pre-processed and analyzed using principal component analysis followed by linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA). Clustering of strains of MRSA belonging to five treatments and the discrimination between each treatment and two control groups in MRSA (untreated) were investigated. PCA-LDA discriminatory frequencies suggested that ethanol-treated spectra are the most similar to isopropanol-treated spectra biochemically. Also reported here are the biochemical alterations in the structure of proteins, lipid membranes, and phosphate groups of MRSA produced by sodium hypochlorite, triclosan, and triclocarban treatments. These findings provide mechanistic information involved in the interaction between MRSA strains and hygiene products; thereby demonstrating the potential of spectroscopic analysis as an objective, robust, and label-free tool for evaluating the macromolecular changes involved in disinfectant-treated MRSA.
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Sun L, Li X, Li G, Dai B, Tan W. Actinidia chinensis Planch. Improves the Indices of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammation Status of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Activating Keap1 and Nrf2 via the Upregulation of MicroRNA-424. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7038789. [PMID: 28642811 PMCID: PMC5470031 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7038789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The fruit juice of Actinidia chinensis Planch. has antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the molecular mechanism was unclear. The patients took the juice and the serum level of antioxidant miR-424, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), and biochemical indices were measured. The juice increased the levels of serum microRNA-424, Keap1, and Nrf2 and reduced the levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta and IL-6 in T2DM patients. The levels of SOD and GSH were higher while the levels of ALT and AST were lower in the patients consuming the juice when compared to the patients without taking the juice. The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of miR-424 were positively related to Keap1 and Nrf2 levels while Keap1 and Nrf2 levels were positively related to the levels of SOD and GSH and negatively related to IL-1 beta and IL-6. Thus, FJACP improves the indices of antioxidant and anti-inflammation status by activating Keap1 and Nrf2 via the upregulation of miR-424 in the patients with T2DM. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-ONC-17011087 on 04/07/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfeng Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Urology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Bing Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Aboualizadeh E, Carmichael OT, He P, Albarado DC, Morrison CD, Hirschmugl CJ. Quantifying Biochemical Alterations in Brown and Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissues of Mice Using Fourier Transform Infrared Widefield Imaging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:121. [PMID: 28620356 PMCID: PMC5450226 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating increased thermogenic activity in adipose tissue is an important biological target for obesity treatment, and label-free imaging techniques with the potential to quantify stimulation-associated biochemical changes to the adipose tissue are highly sought after. In this study, we used spatially resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging to quantify biochemical changes caused by cold exposure in the brown and subcutaneous white adipose tissues (BAT and s-WAT) of 6 week-old C57BL6 mice exposed to 30°C (N = 5), 24°C (N = 5), and 10°C (N = 5) conditions for 10 days. Fat exposed to colder temperatures demonstrated greater thermogenic activity as indicated by increased messenger RNA expression levels of a panel of thermogenic marker genes including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) and Dio2. Protein to lipid ratio, calculated from the ratio of the integrated area from 1,600 to 1,700 cm-1 (amide I) to the integrated area from 2,830 to 2,980 cm-1 (saturated lipids), was elevated in 10°C BAT and s-WAT compared to 24°C (p = 0.004 and p < 0.0001) and 30°C (p = 0.0033 and p < 0.0001). Greater protein to lipid ratio was associated with greater UCP-1 expression level in the BAT (p = 0.021) and s-WAT (p = 0.032) and greater Dio2 expression in s-WAT (p = 0.033). The degree of unsaturation, calculated from the ratio of the integrated area from 2,992 to 3,020 cm-1 (unsaturated lipids) to the integrated area from 2,830 to 2,980 cm-1 (saturated lipids), showed stepwise decreases going from colder-exposed to warmer-exposed BAT. Complementary 1H NMR measurements confirmed the findings from this ratio in BAT. Principal component analysis applied to FTIR spectra revealed pronounced differences in overall spectral characteristics between 30, 24, and 10°C BAT and s-WAT. Spatially resolved FTIR imaging is a promising technique to quantify cold-induced biochemical changes in BAT and s-WAT in a label-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Aboualizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Ping He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Diana C. Albarado
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Carol J. Hirschmugl
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Carol J. Hirschmugl,
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