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Integrin Conformational Dynamics and Mechanotransduction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223584. [PMID: 36429013 PMCID: PMC9688440 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the integrin family of receptors as central mediators of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell adhesion requires a remarkable convergence of interactions and influences. Integrins must be anchored to the cytoskeleton and bound to extracellular ligands in order to provide firm adhesion, with force transmission across this linkage conferring tissue integrity. Integrin affinity to ligands is highly regulated by cell signaling pathways, altering affinity constants by 1000-fold or more, via a series of long-range conformational transitions. In this review, we first summarize basic, well-known features of integrin conformational states and then focus on new information concerning the impact of mechanical forces on these states and interstate transitions. We also discuss how these effects may impact mechansensitive cell functions and identify unanswered questions for future studies.
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Jiao J, Huang J, Zhang Z. Hydrogels based on chitosan in tissue regeneration: How do they work? A mini review. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao
- Neuropsychiatric Institute; Medical School of Southeast University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
- Department of Neurology; Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital; Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Jinjian Huang
- Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery; Jinling Hospital; Nanjing Jiangsu 210002 China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuropsychiatric Institute; Medical School of Southeast University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
- Department of Neurology; Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital; Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
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Attwood SJ, Cortes E, Haining AWM, Robinson B, Li D, Gautrot J, Del Río Hernández A. Adhesive ligand tether length affects the size and length of focal adhesions and influences cell spreading and attachment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34334. [PMID: 27686622 PMCID: PMC5043376 DOI: 10.1038/srep34334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are known to respond to physical cues from their microenvironment such as matrix rigidity. Discrete adhesive ligands within flexible strands of fibronectin connect cell surface integrins to the broader extracellular matrix and are thought to mediate mechanosensing through the cytoskeleton-integrin-ECM linkage. We set out to determine if adhesive ligand tether length is another physical cue that cells can sense. Substrates were covalently modified with adhesive arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) ligands coupled with short (9.5 nm), medium (38.2 nm) and long (318 nm) length inert polyethylene glycol tethers. The size and length of focal adhesions of human foreskin fibroblasts gradually decreased from short to long tethers. Furthermore, we found cell adhesion varies in a linker length dependent manner with a remarkable 75% reduction in the density of cells on the surface and a 50% reduction in cell area between the shortest and longest linkers. We also report the interplay between RGD ligand concentration and tether length in determining cellular spread area. Our findings show that without varying substrate rigidity or ligand density, tether length alone can modulate cellular behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Attwood
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanical laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ernesto Cortes
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanical laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander William M Haining
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanical laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Robinson
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanical laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Danyang Li
- Institute of Bioengineering School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Julien Gautrot
- Institute of Bioengineering School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Armando Del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanical laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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Lee MK, Park J, Wang X, Roein-Peikar M, Ko E, Qin E, Lee J, Ha T, Kong H. Rupture force of cell adhesion ligand tethers modulates biological activities of a cell-laden hydrogel. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4757-60. [PMID: 26912186 PMCID: PMC4803541 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00036c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts to design a synthetic extracellular matrix for cell culture, engineering, and therapies greatly contributed to addressing biological roles of types and spatial organization of cell adhesion ligands. It is often suggested that ligand-matrix bond strength is another path to regulate cell adhesion and activities; however tools are lacking. To this end, this study demonstrates that a hydrogel coupled with integrin-binding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tethers with pre-defined rupture forces can modulate cell adhesion, differentiation, and secretion activities due to the changes in the number and, likely, force of cells adhered to a gel. The rupture force of DNA tethers was tuned by altering the spatial arrangement of matrix-binding biotin groups. The DNA tethers were immobilized on a hydrogel of alginate grafted with biotin using avidin. Mesenchymal stem cells showed enhanced adhesion, neural differentiation, and paracrine secretion when cultured on the gel coupled with DNA tethers with higher rupture forces. Such innovative cell-matrix interface engineering would be broadly useful for a series of materials used for fundamental and applied studies on biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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