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Liu Z, Li B, Song L, Zhang H. Pillar[ n]arene-calix[ m]arene hybrid macrocyclic structures. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28185-28195. [PMID: 36320255 PMCID: PMC9528731 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To reserve planar chirality, enhance molecular recognition, and build advanced self-assemblies, hybrid macrocyclic hosts containing rigid pillar[n]arene and flexible calix[m]arene were designed, prepared and investigated for interesting applications. This review summarizes and discusses different synthetic strategies for constructing hybrid macrocyclic structures. Pillar[n]arene dimer with rigid aromatic double bridges provided the possibility of introducing calix[m]arene cavities, where the planar chirality was reserved in the structure of pillararene. The capacity for molecular recognition was enhanced by hybrid macrocyclic cavities. Interestingly, the obtained pillar[n]arene-calix[m]arene could self-assemble into "channels" and "honeycomb" in both the solid state and solution phase as well as donate the molecular architecture as the wheel for the formation of mechanically interlocked molecules, such as rotaxane. In addition, the pillar[n]arene and calix[m]arene could also be coupled together to produce pillar[n]arene embeded 1,3-alternate and cone conformational calix[m]arene derivatives, which could catalyze the oxidative polymerization of aniline in aqueous solutions. Except for building hybrid cyclophanes by covalent bonds, weak supramolecular interactions were used to prepare pillar[n]arene-calix[m]arene analogous composites with other pillar-like pillar[n]pyridiniums and calix-like calix[m]pyrroles, exhibiting reasonable performances in enhancing molecular recognition and trapping solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaona Liu
- Medical School, Xi'an Peihua University Xi'an 710125 Shaanxi China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Leqian Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
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2
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Taipale E, Ward JS, Fiorini G, Stares DL, Schalley CA, Rissanen K. Dimeric iodine( i) and silver( i) cages from tripodal N-donor ligands via the [N–Ag–N] + to [N–I–N] + cation exchange reaction. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexation of tripodal ligands with silver(I) salts generated M3L2 cage complexes that encapsulated anions within their cavities. Subsequent [N–Ag–N]+ to [N–I–N]+ cation exchange with I2 resulted in the corresponding halogen-bonded iodine(I) cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi Taipale
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9B, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jas S. Ward
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9B, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Giorgia Fiorini
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9B, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Daniel L. Stares
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9B, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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3
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Ludden MD, Taylor CGP, Tipping MB, Train JS, Williams NH, Dorrat JC, Tuck KL, Ward MD. Interaction of anions with the surface of a coordination cage in aqueous solution probed by their effect on a cage-catalysed Kemp elimination. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14781-14791. [PMID: 34820094 PMCID: PMC8597839 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04887b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An octanuclear M8L12 coordination cage catalyses the Kemp elimination reaction of 5-nitro-1,2-benzisoxazole (NBI) with hydroxide to give 2-cyano-4-nitrophenolate (CNP) as the product. In contrast to the previously-reported very efficient catalysis of the Kemp elimination reaction of unsubstituted benzisoxazole, which involves the substrate binding inside the cage cavity, the catalysed reaction of NBI with hydroxide is slower and occurs at the external surface of the cage, even though NBI can bind inside the cage cavity. The rate of the catalysed reaction is sensitive to the presence of added anions, which bind to the 16+ cage surface, displacing the hydroxide ions from around the cage which are essential reaction partners in the Kemp elimination. Thus we can observe different binding affinities of anions to the surface of the cationic cage in aqueous solution by the extent to which they displace hydroxide and thereby inhibit the catalysed Kemp elimination and slow down the appearance of CNP. For anions with a -1 charge the observed affinity order for binding to the cage surface is consistent with their ease of desolvation and their ordering in the Hofmeister series. With anions that are significantly basic (fluoride, hydrogen carbonate, carboxylates) the accumulation of the anion around the cage surface accelerates the Kemp elimination compared to the background reaction with hydroxide, which we ascribe to the ability of these anions to participate directly in the Kemp elimination. This work provides valuable mechanistic insights into the role of the cage in co-locating the substrate and the anionic reaction partners in a cage-catalysed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Ludden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Max B Tipping
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Jennifer S Train
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | | | - Jack C Dorrat
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Melbourne VIC3800 Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Melbourne VIC3800 Australia
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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4
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Talotta C, Concilio G, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Gaeta C, Rescifina A, Ballester P, Neri P. Expanding Coefficient: A Parameter To Assess the Stability of Induced-Fit Complexes. Org Lett 2021; 23:1804-1808. [PMID: 33591765 PMCID: PMC8028309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we propose a new parameter, the Expanding Coefficient (EC), that can be correlated with the thermodynamic stability of supramolecular complexes governed by weak secondary interactions and obeying the induced-fit model. The EC values show a good linear relationship with the log Kapp of the respective pseudorotaxane complexes investigated. According to Cram's Principle of Preorganization, the EC can be considered an approximate mechanical measure of the host's reorganization energy cost upon adopting the final bound geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Gerardo Concilio
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università
di Catania, viale Andrea
Doria, 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Danielsiek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Gerald Dyker
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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6
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Interactions of Small-Molecule Guests with Interior and Exterior Surfaces of a Coordination Cage Host. CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination cages are well-known to act as molecular containers that can bind small-molecule guests in their cavity. Such cavity binding is associated with interactions of the guests with the surrounding set of surfaces that define the cavity; a guest that is a good fit for the cavity will have many favourable interactions with the interior surfaces of the host. As cages have exterior as well as interior surfaces, possibilities also exist for ‘guests’ that are not well-bound in the cavity to interact with the exterior surface of the cage where spatial constraints are fewer. In this paper, we report a combined solid-state and solution study using an octanuclear cubic M8L12 coordination cage which illustrates the occurrence of both types of interaction. Firstly, crystallographic studies show that a range of guests bind inside the cavity (either singly or in stacked pairs) and/or interact with the cage exterior surface, depending on their size. Secondly, fluorescence titrations in aqueous solution show how some flexible aromatic disulfides show two separate types of interaction with the cage, having different spectroscopic consequences; we ascribe this to separate interactions with the exterior surface and the interior surface of the host cage with the former having a higher binding constant. Overall, it is clear that the idea of host/guest interactions in molecular containers needs to take more account of external surface interactions as well as the obvious cavity-based binding.
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7
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Taimoory SM, Twum K, Dashti M, Pan F, Lahtinen M, Rissanen K, Puttreddy R, Trant JF, Beyeh NK. Bringing a Molecular Plus One: Synergistic Binding Creates Guest-Mediated Three-Component Complexes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5884-5894. [PMID: 32174116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cethyl-2-methylresorcinarene (A), pyridine (B), and a set of 10 carboxylic acids (Cn) associate to form A·B·Cn ternary assemblies with 1:1:1 stoichiometry, representing a useful class of ternary systems where the guest mediates complex formation between the host and a third component. Although individually weak in solution, the combined strength of the multiple noncovalent interactions organizes the complexes even in a highly hydrogen-bond competing methanol solution, as explored by both experimental and computational methods. The interactions between A·B and Cn are dependent on the pKa values of carboxylic acids. The weak interactions between A and C further reinforce the interactions between A and B, demonstrating positive cooperativity. Our results reveal that the two-component system such as that formed by A and B can form the basis for the development of specific sensors for the molecular recognition of carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maryamdokht Taimoory
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Kwaku Twum
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4479, United States
| | - Mohadeseh Dashti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Fangfang Pan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Manu Lahtinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - John F Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ngong Kodiah Beyeh
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4479, United States
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8
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Taylor CGP, Argent SP, Ludden MD, Piper JR, Mozaceanu C, Barnett SA, Ward MD. One Guest or Two? A Crystallographic and Solution Study of Guest Binding in a Cubic Coordination Cage. Chemistry 2020; 26:3054-3064. [PMID: 31816132 PMCID: PMC7079040 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A crystallographic investigation of a series of host-guest complexes in which small-molecule organic guests occupy the central cavity of an approximately cubic M8 L12 coordination cage has revealed some unexpected behaviour. Whilst some guests form 1:1 H⋅G complexes as we have seen before, an extensive family of bicyclic guests-including some substituted coumarins and various saturated analogues-form 1:2 H⋅G2 complexes in the solid state, despite the fact that solution titrations are consistent with 1:1 complex formation, and the combined volume of the pair of guests significantly exceeds the Rebek 55±9 % packing for optimal guest binding, with packing coefficients of up to 87 %. Re-examination of solution titration data for guest binding in two cases showed that, although conventional fluorescence titrations are consistent with 1:1 binding model, alternative forms of analysis-Job plot and an NMR titration-at higher concentrations do provide evidence for 1:2 H⋅G2 complex formation. The observation of guests binding in pairs in some cases opens new possibilities for altered reactivity of bound guests, and also highlights the recently articulated difficulties associated with determining stoichiometry of supramolecular complexes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jerico R. Piper
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | | | - Sarah A. Barnett
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond HouseHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcot, OxfordshireOX11 0DEUK
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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Abstract
The aldol condensation of indane-1,3-dione (ID) to give ‘bindone’ in water is catalysed by an M8L12 cubic coordination cage (Hw). The absolute rate of reaction is slow under weakly acidic conditions (pH 3–4), but in the absence of a catalyst it is undetectable. In water, the binding constant of ID in the cavity of Hw is ca. 2.4 (±1.2) × 103 M−1, giving a ∆G for the binding of −19.3 (±1.2) kJ mol−1. The crystal structure of the complex revealed the presence of two molecules of the guest ID stacked inside the cavity, giving a packing coefficient of 74% as well as another molecule hydrogen-bonded to the cage’s exterior surface. We suggest that the catalysis occurs due to the stabilisation of the enolate anion of ID by the 16+ surface of the cage, which also attracts molecules of neutral ID to the surface because of its hydrophobicity. The cage, therefore, brings together neutral ID and its enolate anion via two different interactions to catalyse the reaction, which—as the control experiments show—occurs at the exterior surface of the cage and not inside the cage cavity.
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10
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Zhang W, Yang D, Zhao J, Hou L, Sessler JL, Yang XJ, Wu B. Controlling the Recognition and Reactivity of Alkyl Ammonium Guests Using an Anion Coordination-Based Tetrahedral Cage. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5248-5256. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Lekai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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Puttreddy R, Beyeh NK, Ras RHA, Trant JF, Rissanen K. Endo-/exo- and halogen-bonded complexes of conformationally rigid C-ethyl-2-bromoresorcinarene and aromatic N-oxides. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00975e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Unlike that of the conformationally flexibleC-ethyl-2-methylresorcinarene the structurally more rigidC4vcavity inC-ethyl-2-bromoresorcinarene prefers only small aromaticN-oxides stabilized through C–H⋯π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ngong Kodiah Beyeh
- Aalto University
- School of Science
- Department of Applied Physics
- 02150 Espoo
- Finland
| | - Robin H. A. Ras
- Aalto University
- School of Science
- Department of Applied Physics
- 02150 Espoo
- Finland
| | - John F. Trant
- University of Windsor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Windsor
- Canada
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla
- Department of Chemistry
- Finland
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