1
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Park SG, Lee HB, Kang S. Development of plug-and-deliverable intracellular protein delivery platforms based on botulinum neurotoxin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129622. [PMID: 38266854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular protein delivery systems have great potential in the fields of therapeutics development and biomedical research. However, targeted delivery, passing through the cell membrane without damaging the cells, and escaping from endosomal entrapment of endocytosed molecular cargos are major challenges of the system. Here, we present a novel intracellular protein delivery system based on modularly engineered botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A). LHNA domain, consisting of light chain and endosomal escape machinery of BoNT/A, was genetically fused with SpyCatcher (SC) and EGFR targeting affibody (EGFRAfb) to create SC-LHNA-EGFRAfb, a target-specific and protein cargo-switchable BoNT/A-based intracellular protein delivery platform. SC-LHNA-EGFRAfb was purely purified in large quantities, efficiently ligated with multiple ST-fused protein cargos individually, generating a variety of protein cargo-containing intracellular delivery complexes, and successfully delivered ligated protein cargos into the cytosol of target cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by endosomal escape and subsequent cytosolic delivery. SC-LHNA-EGFRAfb enhanced intracellular delivery efficiency of protein toxin, gelonin, by approximately 100-fold, highlighting the crucial roles of EGFRAfb and LHNA domain as a targeting ligand and an endosomal escape machinery, respectively, in the delivery process. The BoNT-based plug-and-deliverable intracellular protein delivery system has the potential to expand its applications in protein therapeutics and manipulating cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Guk Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Bin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Gräwe A, Spruit CM, de Vries RP, Merkx M. Bioluminescent detection of viral surface proteins using branched multivalent protein switches. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:148-157. [PMID: 38333197 PMCID: PMC10849123 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Fast and reliable virus diagnostics is key to prevent the spread of viruses in populations. A hallmark of viruses is the presence of multivalent surface proteins, a property that can be harnessed to control conformational switching in sensor proteins. Here, we introduce a new sensor platform (dark-LUX) for the detection of viral surface proteins consisting of a general bioluminescent framework that can be post-translationally functionalized with separately expressed binding domains. The platform relies on (1) plug-and-play bioconjugation of different binding proteins via SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology to create branched protein structures, (2) an optimized turn-on bioluminescent switch based on complementation of the split-luciferase NanoBiT upon target binding and (3) straightforward exploration of the protein linker space. The influenza A virus (IAV) surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) were used as relevant multivalent targets to establish proof of principle and optimize relevant parameters such as linker properties, choice of target binding domains and the optimal combination of the competing NanoBiT components SmBiT and DarkBiT. The sensor framework allows rapid conjugation and exchange of various binding domains including scFvs, nanobodies and de novo designed binders for a variety of targets, including the construction of a heterobivalent switch that targets the head and stem region of hemagglutinin. The modularity of the platform thus allows straightforward optimization of binding domains and scaffold properties for existing viral targets, and is well suited to quickly adapt bioluminescent sensor proteins to effectively detect newly evolving viral epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gräwe
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Cindy M Spruit
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Merkx
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
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3
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Kim S, Bae Y, Park SH, Chen N, Eom S, Kang S, Park J. Compact and modular bioprobe: Integrating SpyCatcher/SpyTag recombinant proteins with zwitterionic polymer-coated quantum dots. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:184-194. [PMID: 37595436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of quantum dot (QD)-based modular bioprobe that has a compact size and enable a facile conjugation of various biofunctional groups is in high demand. To address this, we surface engineered QDs with zwitterion polymer ligands to have an inherent compact size and derivatized them sequentially with the recombinant proteins SpyCatcher/SpyTag (SC/ST) to use their protein ligation system. SC/ST spontaneously form one complex through the isopeptide bond between them. SC-conjugated QDs (QD-SC) were used as base building blocks. Then, ST-biomolecules were added for modular biofunctionalization. We synthesized compact sized (∼15 nm) QD-SC-ST-affibody (antibody-mimicking small protein for tumor detection) conjugates, which showed successful cell-receptor targeting. The target cell-receptor could be easily tuned by changing the type of ST-affibody. We also demonstrated that anti-human-chorionic-gonadotropin mouse IgG1 antibodies can be labeled on the QD surface by mixing QD-SC with the ST-MG1Nb (mouse-IgG1-specific protein). The immunoassay performance of the antibody-labeled QDs was evaluated using a pregnancy test kit, displaying equivalent detection sensitivity to a commercially available kit. This study proposed an innovative strategy for QD biofunctionalization in a modular manner, which can be expanded to a diverse range of colloidal particle derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Han Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Eom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongnam Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Kang Y, Yeo M, Choi H, Jun H, Eom S, Park SG, Yoon H, Kim E, Kang S. Lactate oxidase/vSIRPα conjugates efficiently consume tumor-produced lactates and locally produce tumor-necrotic H 2O 2 to suppress tumor growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123577. [PMID: 36758763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Aggressive tumor formation often leads to excessive anaerobic glycolysis and massive production and accumulation of lactate in the tumor microenvironment (TME). To significantly curb lactate accumulation in TME, in this study, lactate oxidase (LOX) was used as a potential therapeutic enzyme and signal regulatory protein α variant (vSIRPα) as a tumor cell targeting ligand. SpyCatcher protein and SpyTag peptide were genetically fused to LOX and vSIRPα, respectively, to form SC-LOX and ST-vSIRPα and tumor-targeting LOX/vSIRPα conjugates were constructed via a SpyCatcher/SpyTag protein ligation system. LOX/vSIRPα conjugates selectively bound to the CD47-overexpressing mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells and effectively consumed lactate produced by the B16-F10 cells, generating adequate amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which induces drastic necrotic tumor cell death. Local treatments of B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice with LOX/vSIRPα conjugates significantly suppressed B16-F10 tumor growth in vivo without any severe side effects. Tumor-targeting vSIRPα may allow longer retention of LOX in tumor sites, effectively consuming surrounding lactate in TME and locally generating adequate amounts of cytotoxic H2O2 to suppress tumor growth. The approach restraining the local lactate concentration and H2O2 in TME using LOX and vSIRPα could offer new opportunities for developing enzyme/targeting ligand conjugate-based therapeutic tools for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Jun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Eom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Guk Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejin Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Teal CJ, Hettiaratchi MH, Ho MT, Ortin-Martinez A, Ganesh AN, Pickering AJ, Golinski AW, Hackel BJ, Wallace VA, Shoichet MS. Directed Evolution Enables Simultaneous Controlled Release of Multiple Therapeutic Proteins from Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202612. [PMID: 35790035 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of increasingly complex combination strategies of biologics, independent control over their delivery is the key to their efficacy; however, current approaches are hindered by the limited independent tunability of their release rates. To overcome these limitations, directed evolution is used to engineer highly specific, low affinity affibody binding partners to multiple therapeutic proteins to independently control protein release rates. As a proof-of-concept, specific affibody binding partners for two proteins with broad therapeutic utility: insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) are identified. Protein-affibody binding interactions specific to these target proteins with equilibrium dissociation constants (KD ) between 10-7 and 10-8 m are discovered. The affibodies are covalently bound to the backbone of crosslinked hydrogels using click chemistry, enabling sustained, independent, and simultaneous release of bioactive IGF-1 and PEDF over 7 days. The system is tested with C57BL/6J mice in vivo, and the affibody-controlled release of IGF-1 results in sustained activity when compared to bolus IGF-1 delivery. This work demonstrates a new, broadly applicable approach to tune the release of therapeutic proteins simultaneously and independently and thus the way for precise control over the delivery of multicomponent therapies is paved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter J Teal
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Marian H Hettiaratchi
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Margaret T Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Arturo Ortin-Martinez
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Ahil N Ganesh
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Andrew J Pickering
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Alex W Golinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, 356 Amundson Hall, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin J Hackel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, 356 Amundson Hall, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Valerie A Wallace
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, 340 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3A9, Canada
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, 340 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3A9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
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6
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TRAIL & EGFR affibody dual-display on a protein nanoparticle synergistically suppresses tumor growth. J Control Release 2022; 349:367-378. [PMID: 35809662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer drug candidate because it selectively binds to the proapoptotic death receptors, which are frequently overexpressed in a wide range of cancer cells, subsequently inducing strong apoptosis in these cells. However, the therapeutic benefit of TRAIL has not been clearly proven, mainly because of its poor pharmacokinetic characteristics and frequent resistance to its application caused by the activation of a survival signal via the EGF/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. Here, a lumazine synthase protein cage nanoparticle isolated from Aquifex aeolicus (AaLS) was used as a multiple ligand-displaying nanoplatform to display polyvalently both TRAIL and EGFR binding affibody molecules (EGFRAfb) via a SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein-ligation system, to form AaLS/TRAIL/EGFRAfb. The dual-ligand-displaying AaLS/TRAIL/EGFRAfb exhibited a dramatically enhanced cytotoxicity on TRAIL-resistant and EGFR-overexpressing A431 cancer cells in vitro, effectively disrupting the EGF-mediated EGFR survival signaling pathway by blocking EGF/EGFR binding as well as strongly activating both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways synergistically. The AaLS/TRAIL/EGFRAfb selectively targeted A431 cancer cells in vitro and actively reached the tumor sites in vivo. The A431 tumor-bearing mice treated with AaLS/TRAIL/EGFRAfb exhibited a significant suppression of the tumor growth without any significant side effects. Collectively, these findings showed that the AaLS/TRAIL/EGFRAfb could be used as an effective protein-based therapeutic for treating EGFR-positive cancers, which are difficult to manage using mono-therapeutic approaches.
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7
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Mittmann E, Mickoleit F, Maier DS, Stäbler SY, Klein MA, Niemeyer CM, Rabe KS, Schüler D. A Magnetosome-Based Platform for Flow Biocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22138-22150. [PMID: 35508355 PMCID: PMC9121345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis in flow reactor systems is of increasing importance for the transformation of the chemical industry. However, the necessary immobilization of biocatalysts remains a challenge. We here demonstrate that biogenic magnetic nanoparticles, so-called magnetosomes, represent an attractive alternative for the development of nanoscale particle formulations to enable high and stable conversion rates in biocatalytic flow processes. In addition to their intriguing material characteristics, such as high crystallinity, stable magnetic moments, and narrow particle size distribution, magnetosomes offer the unbeatable advantage over chemically synthesized nanoparticles that foreign protein "cargo" can be immobilized on the enveloping membrane via genetic engineering and thus, stably presented on the particle surface. To exploit these advantages, we develop a modular connector system in which abundant magnetosome membrane anchors are genetically fused with SpyCatcher coupling groups, allowing efficient covalent coupling with complementary SpyTag-functionalized proteins. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated by immobilizing a dimeric phenolic acid decarboxylase to SpyCatcher magnetosomes. The functionalized magnetosomes outperform similarly functionalized commercial particles by exhibiting stable substrate conversion during a 60 h period, with an average space-time yield of 49.2 mmol L-1 h-1. Overall, our results demonstrate that SpyCatcher magnetosomes significantly expand the genetic toolbox for particle surface functionalization and increase their application potential as nano-biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mittmann
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces 1, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Frank Mickoleit
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Denis S. Maier
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabrina Y. Stäbler
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marius A. Klein
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces 1, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces 1, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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8
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Lee C, Kang S. Development of HER2-Targeting-Ligand-Modified Albumin Nanoparticles Based on the SpyTag/SpyCatcher System for Photothermal Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2649-2658. [PMID: 34060808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The successful development of targeted nanoparticle (NP)-based therapeutics depends on the effective conjugation of targeting ligands to the NP. However, conventional methods based on chemical reactive groups such as N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, and maleimide have several limitations, including low binding efficiency, complex reaction methods, long reaction times, and reduced activity of the targeting ligand. In this study, we developed a novel method for conjugating targeting ligands to albumin NPs using the recently developed bacterial superglue the SpyTag/SpyCatcher (ST/SC) ligation system. This method involves a rapid one-step conjugation process with almost 100% efficiency. Albumin NPs conjugated to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) affibody molecules using the ST/SC system showed strong binding to HER2-overexpressing cells. In addition, NPs encapsulated with indocyanine green accumulated in cells overexpressing HER2 and exhibited superior photothermal treatment effects. Thus, surface functionalization of NPs using the ST/SC reaction may be used to develop new nanosystems that exhibit improved therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkyu Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
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9
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Kim H, Jin S, Choi H, Kang M, Park SG, Jun H, Cho H, Kang S. Target-switchable Gd(III)-DOTA/protein cage nanoparticle conjugates with multiple targeting affibody molecules as target selective T 1 contrast agents for high-field MRI. J Control Release 2021; 335:269-280. [PMID: 34044091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive in vivo imaging tool, providing high enough spatial resolution to obtain both the anatomical and the physiological information of patients. However, MRI generally suffers from relatively low sensitivity often requiring the aid of contrast agents (CA) to enhance the contrast of vessels and/or the tissues of interest from the background. The targeted delivery of diagnostic probes to the specific lesion is a powerful approach for early diagnosis and signal enhancement leading to the effective treatment of various diseases. Here, we established targeting ligand switchable nanoplatforms using lumazine synthase protein cage nanoparticles derived from Aquifex aeolicus (AaLS) by genetically introducing the SpyTag peptide (ST) to the C-terminus of the AaLS subunits to form an ST-displaying AaLS (AaLS-ST). Conversely, multiple targeting ligands were constructed by genetically fusing SpyCatcher protein (SC) to either HER2 or EGFR targeting affibody molecules (SC-HER2Afb or SC-EGFRAfb). Gd(III)-DOTA complexes were chemically attached to the AaLS-ST and the external surface of the Gd(III)-DOTA conjugated AaLS-ST (Gd(III)-DOTA-AaLS-ST) were successfully decorated with either the HER2Afb or the EGFRAfb. The resulting Gd(III)-DOTA-AaLS/HER2Afb and Gd(III)-DOTA-AaLS/EGFR2Afb exhibited high r1 relaxivity values of 57 and 25 mM-1 s-1 at 1.4 and 7 T, respectively, which were 10-fold or higher than those of the clinically used Dotarem. Their target-selective contrast enhancements were confirmed with in vitro cell-based MRI scans and the in vivo MR imaging of tumor-bearing mouse models at 7 T. A target-switchable AaLS-based nanoplatform that was developed in this study might serve as a promising T1 CA developing platform at a high magnetic field to detect various tumor sites in a target-specific manner in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - MungSoo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Guk Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Jun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - HyungJoon Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Permana D, Minamihata K, Goto M, Kamiya N. Strategies for Making Multimeric and Polymeric Bifunctional Protein Conjugates and Their Applications as Bioanalytical Tools. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:425-437. [PMID: 33455962 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20scr07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes play a central role in the detection of target molecules in biotechnological fields. Most probes used in detection are bifunctional proteins comprising enzymes and binding proteins conjugated by chemical reactions. To create a highly sensitive detection probe, it is essential to increase the enzyme-to-binding protein ratio in the probe. However, if the chemical reactions required to prepare the probe are insufficiently site-specific, the detection probe may lose functionality. Genetic modifications and enzyme-mediated post-translational modifications (PTMs) can ensure the site-specific conjugation of proteins. They are therefore promising strategies for the production of detection probes with high enzyme contents, i.e., polymeric bifunctional proteins. Herein, we review recent advances in the preparation of bifunctional protein conjugates and polymeric bifunctional protein conjugates for detection. We have summarized research on genetically fused proteins and enzymatically prepared polymeric bifunctional proteins, and will discuss the potential use of protein polymers in various detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Permana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University.,Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Kampus LIPI Bandung
| | - Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University.,Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University.,Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University
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11
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Lieser RM, Yur D, Sullivan MO, Chen W. Site-Specific Bioconjugation Approaches for Enhanced Delivery of Protein Therapeutics and Protein Drug Carriers. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2272-2282. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Lieser
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States of America
| | - Daniel Yur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States of America
| | - Millicent O. Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States of America
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States of America
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12
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Lang M, Pröschel M, Brüggen N, Sonnewald U. Tagging and catching: rapid isolation and efficient labeling of organelles using the covalent Spy-System in planta. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:122. [PMID: 32905125 PMCID: PMC7465787 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up-to-now, several biochemical methods have been developed to allow specific organelle isolation from plant tissues. These procedures are often time consuming, require substantial amounts of plant material, have low yield or do not result in pure organelle fractions. Moreover, barely a protocol allows rapid and flexible isolation of different subcellular compartments. The recently published SpySystem enables the in vitro and in vivo covalent linkage between proteins and protein complexes. Here we describe the use of this system to tag and purify plant organelles. RESULTS We developed a simple and specific method to in vivo tag and visualize, as well as isolate organelles of interest from crude plant extracts. This was achieved by expressing the covalent split-isopeptide interaction system, consisting of SpyTag and SpyCatcher, in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The functionality of the SpySystem in planta, combined with downstream applications, was proven. Using organelle-specific membrane anchor sequences to program the sub-cellular localization of the SpyTag peptide, we could tag the outer envelope of chloroplasts and mitochondria. By co-expression of a cytosolic, soluble eGFP-SpyCatcher fusion protein, we could demonstrate intermolecular isopeptide formation in planta and proper organelle targeting of the SpyTag peptides to the respective organelles. For one-step organelle purification, recombinantly expressed SpyCatcher protein was immobilized on magnetic microbeads via covalent thiol-etherification. To isolate tagged organelles, crude plant filtrates were mixed with SpyCatcher-coated beads which allowed isolation of SpyTag-labelled chloroplasts and mitochondria. The isolated organelles were intact, showed high yield and hardly contaminants and can be subsequently used for further molecular or biochemical analysis. CONCLUSION The SpySystem can be used to in planta label subcellular structures, which enables the one-step purification of organelles from crude plant extracts. The beauty of the system is that it works as a covalent toolbox. Labeling of different organelles with individual tags under control of cell-specific and/or inducible promoter sequences will allow the rapid organelle and cell-type specific purification. Simultaneous labeling of different organelles with specific Tag/Catcher combinations will enable simultaneous isolation of different organelles from one plant extract in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marlene Pröschel
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nico Brüggen
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Park SG, Choi B, Bae Y, Lee YG, Park SA, Chae YC, Kang S. Selective and Effective Cancer Treatments using Target‐Switchable Intracellular Bacterial Toxin Delivery Systems. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Guk Park
- Department of Biological Sciences School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Bongseo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
- Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Yoonji Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Yu Geon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Soo Ah Park
- In Vivo Research Center UNIST Central Research Facilities Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Young Chan Chae
- Department of Biological Sciences School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
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14
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Integrating SpyCatcher/SpyTag covalent fusion technology into phage display workflows for rapid antibody discovery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12815. [PMID: 31492910 PMCID: PMC6731262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An early bottleneck in the rapid isolation of new antibody fragment binders using in vitro library approaches is the inertia encountered in acquiring and preparing soluble antigen fragments. In this report, we describe a simple, yet powerful strategy that exploits the properties of the SpyCatcher/SpyTag (SpyC/SpyT) covalent interaction to improve substantially the speed and efficiency in obtaining functional antibody clones of interest. We demonstrate that SpyC has broad utility as a protein-fusion tag partner in a eukaryotic expression/secretion context, retaining its functionality and permitting the direct, selective capture and immobilization of soluble antigen fusions using solid phase media coated with a synthetic modified SpyT peptide reagent. In addition, we show that the expressed SpyC-antigen format is highly compatible with downstream antibody phage display selection and screening procedures, requiring minimal post-expression handling with no sample modifications. To illustrate the potential of the approach, we have isolated several fully human germline scFvs that selectively recognize therapeutically relevant native cell surface tumor antigens in various in vitro cell-based assay contexts.
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15
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Kim H, Choi H, Bae Y, Kang S. Development of target‐tunable P22 VLP‐based delivery nanoplatforms using bacterial superglue. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2843-2851. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Korea
| | - Hyukjun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Korea
| | - Yoonji Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Korea
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16
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Hatlem D, Trunk T, Linke D, Leo JC. Catching a SPY: Using the SpyCatcher-SpyTag and Related Systems for Labeling and Localizing Bacterial Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2129. [PMID: 31052154 PMCID: PMC6539128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The SpyCatcher-SpyTag system was developed seven years ago as a method for protein ligation. It is based on a modified domain from a Streptococcus pyogenes surface protein (SpyCatcher), which recognizes a cognate 13-amino-acid peptide (SpyTag). Upon recognition, the two form a covalent isopeptide bond between the side chains of a lysine in SpyCatcher and an aspartate in SpyTag. This technology has been used, among other applications, to create covalently stabilized multi-protein complexes, for modular vaccine production, and to label proteins (e.g., for microscopy). The SpyTag system is versatile as the tag is a short, unfolded peptide that can be genetically fused to exposed positions in target proteins; similarly, SpyCatcher can be fused to reporter proteins such as GFP, and to epitope or purification tags. Additionally, an orthogonal system called SnoopTag-SnoopCatcher has been developed from an S. pneumoniae pilin that can be combined with SpyCatcher-SpyTag to produce protein fusions with multiple components. Furthermore, tripartite applications have been produced from both systems allowing the fusion of two peptides by a separate, catalytically active protein unit, SpyLigase or SnoopLigase. Here, we review the current state of the SpyCatcher-SpyTag and related technologies, with a particular emphasis on their use in vaccine development and in determining outer membrane protein localization and topology of surface proteins in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hatlem
- Bacterial Cell Surface Group, Section for Evolution and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thomas Trunk
- Bacterial Cell Surface Group, Section for Evolution and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dirk Linke
- Bacterial Cell Surface Group, Section for Evolution and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jack C Leo
- Bacterial Cell Surface Group, Section for Evolution and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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17
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Khairil Anuar INA, Banerjee A, Keeble AH, Carella A, Nikov GI, Howarth M. Spy&Go purification of SpyTag-proteins using pseudo-SpyCatcher to access an oligomerization toolbox. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1734. [PMID: 30988307 PMCID: PMC6465384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide tags are a key resource, introducing minimal change while enabling a consistent process to purify diverse proteins. However, peptide tags often provide minimal benefit post-purification. We previously designed SpyTag, forming an irreversible bond with its protein partner SpyCatcher. SpyTag provides an easy route to anchor, bridge or multimerize proteins. Here we establish Spy&Go, enabling protein purification using SpyTag. Through rational engineering we generated SpyDock, which captures SpyTag-fusions and allows efficient elution. Spy&Go enabled sensitive purification of SpyTag-fusions from Escherichia coli, giving superior purity than His-tag/nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid. Spy&Go allowed purification of mammalian-expressed, N-terminal, C-terminal or internal SpyTag. As an oligomerization toolbox, we established a panel of SpyCatcher-linked coiled coils, so SpyTag-fusions can be dimerized, trimerized, tetramerized, pentamerized, hexamerized or heptamerized. Assembling oligomers for Death Receptor 5 stimulation, we probed multivalency effects on cancer cell death. Spy&Go, combined with simple oligomerization, should have broad application for exploring multivalency in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anusuya Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Anthony H Keeble
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Alberto Carella
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Georgi I Nikov
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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18
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Insider information on successful covalent protein coupling with help from SpyBank. Methods Enzymol 2019; 617:443-461. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Sutherland AR, Alam MK, Geyer CR. Post‐translational Assembly of Protein Parts into Complex Devices by Using SpyTag/SpyCatcher Protein Ligase. Chembiochem 2018; 20:319-328. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R. Sutherland
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Md. Kausar Alam
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON M5S3E1 Canada
| | - C. Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
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20
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Choi H, Choi B, Kim GJ, Kim HU, Kim H, Jung HS, Kang S. Fabrication of Nanoreaction Clusters with Dual-Functionalized Protein Cage Nanobuilding Blocks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801488. [PMID: 30066359 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of functional nanostructures is a prominent issue in nanotechnology, because they often exhibit unique properties that are different from the individual building blocks. Protein cage nanoparticles are attractive nanobuilding blocks for constructing nanostructures due to their well-defined symmetric spherical structures, polyvalent nature, and functional plasticity. Here, a lumazine synthase protein cage nanoparticle is genetically modified to be used as a template to generate functional nanobuilding blocks and covalently display enzymes (β-lactamase) and protein ligands (FKBP12/FRB) on its surface, making dual-functional nanobuilding blocks. Nanoreaction clusters are subsequently created by ligand-mediated alternate deposition of two complementary building blocks using layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies. 3D nanoreaction clusters provide enhanced enzymatic activity compared with monolayered building block arrays. The approaches described here may provide new opportunities for fabricating functional nanostructures and nanoreaction clusters, leading to the development of new protein nanoparticle-based nanostructured biosensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukjun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Bongseo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Gwang Joong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, South Korea
| | - Han-Ul Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, South Korea
| | - Hansol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, South Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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21
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Bae Y, Kim GJ, Kim H, Park SG, Jung HS, Kang S. Engineering Tunable Dual Functional Protein Cage Nanoparticles Using Bacterial Superglue. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2896-2904. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - Gwang Joong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Hansol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - Seong Guk Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Korea
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22
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Abstract
Within the materials science community, proteins with cage-like architectures are being developed as versatile nanoscale platforms for use in protein nanotechnology. Much effort has been focused on the functionalization of protein cages with biological and non-biological moieties to bring about new properties of not only individual protein cages, but collective bulk-scale assemblies of protein cages. In this review, we report on the current understanding of protein cage assembly, both of the cages themselves from individual subunits, and the assembly of the individual protein cages into higher order structures. We start by discussing the key properties of natural protein cages (for example: size, shape and structure) followed by a review of some of the mechanisms of protein cage assembly and the factors that influence it. We then explore the current approaches for functionalizing protein cages, on the interior or exterior surfaces of the capsids. Lastly, we explore the emerging area of higher order assemblies created from individual protein cages and their potential for new and exciting collective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Aumiller
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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23
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Ma W, Saccardo A, Roccatano D, Aboagye-Mensah D, Alkaseem M, Jewkes M, Di Nezza F, Baron M, Soloviev M, Ferrari E. Modular assembly of proteins on nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1489. [PMID: 29662234 PMCID: PMC5902510 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Generally, the high diversity of protein properties necessitates the development of unique nanoparticle bio-conjugation methods, optimized for each different protein. Here we describe a universal bio-conjugation approach which makes use of a new recombinant fusion protein combining two distinct domains. The N-terminal part is Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) from Schistosoma japonicum, for which we identify and characterize the remarkable ability to bind gold nanoparticles (GNPs) by forming gold-sulfur bonds (Au-S). The C-terminal part of this multi-domain construct is the SpyCatcher from Streptococcus pyogenes, which provides the ability to capture recombinant proteins encoding a SpyTag. Here we show that SpyCatcher can be immobilized covalently on GNPs through GST without the loss of its full functionality. We then show that GST-SpyCatcher activated particles are able to covalently bind a SpyTag modified protein by simple mixing, through the spontaneous formation of an unusual isopeptide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Ma
- College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Angela Saccardo
- College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Danilo Roccatano
- College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | | | - Mohammad Alkaseem
- College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Matthew Jewkes
- College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Francesca Di Nezza
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090, Pesche, Italy
| | - Mark Baron
- College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Mikhail Soloviev
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Enrico Ferrari
- College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
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24
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Ke X, Zhang Y, Zheng F, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Xu Y, Wang H. SpyCatcher-SpyTag mediated in situ labelling of progeny baculovirus with quantum dots for tracking viral infection in living cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1189-1192. [PMID: 29334085 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08880a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A non-invasive labelling strategy is proposed to label baculovirus via genetic insertion of a SpyTag into the viral glycoprotein, followed by specific conjugation with the SpyCatcher protein on modified quantum dots (QDs) through an isopeptide bond. The labelling method is convenient and efficient and shows little attenuation of viral infectivity. Therefore, it is a biologically compatible technique for tracking viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Ke
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
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25
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Choi B, Kim H, Choi H, Kang S. Protein Cage Nanoparticles as Delivery Nanoplatforms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1064:27-43. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0445-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Unleashing chemical power from protein sequence space toward genetically encoded “click” chemistry. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Akhras S, Toda M, Boller K, Himmelsbach K, Elgner F, Biehl M, Scheurer S, Gratz M, Vieths S, Hildt E. Cell-permeable capsids as universal antigen carrier for the induction of an antigen-specific CD8 + T-cell response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9630. [PMID: 28851900 PMCID: PMC5575276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine platforms that can be flexibly loaded with antigens can contribute to decrease response time to emerging infections. For many pathogens and chronic infections, induction of a robust cytotoxic T lymphocytes-mediated response is desirable to control infection. Antigen delivery into the cytoplasm of antigen presenting cells favors induction of cytotoxic T cells. By fusion of the cell-permeable translocation motif (TLM)-peptide to the capsid-forming core protein of hepatitis B virus, and by insertion of the strep-tag in the spike tip (a domain that protrudes from the surface of the capsid), cell-permeable carrier capsids were generated that can be flexibly loaded with various antigens. Loading with antigens was demonstrated by electron microscopy, density gradient centrifugation and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy showed that cell-permeable carrier capsids mediate transfer of cargo antigen into the cytoplasm. Using cell-permeable carrier capsids loaded with ovalbumin as model antigen, activation of antigen presenting cells and ovalbumin-specific CD8+ T-cells, which correlates with enhanced specific killing activity, was found. This demonstrates the capacity of TLM-carrier-capsids to serve as universal antigen carrier to deliver antigens into the cytoplasm of antigen presenting cells, which leads to enhanced MHC class I-mediated presentation and induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Akhras
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Masako Toda
- Department of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Klaus Boller
- Department of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Elgner
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Marlene Biehl
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Stephan Scheurer
- Department of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Meike Gratz
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Department of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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28
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Pessino V, Citron R, Feng S, Huang B. Covalent Protein Labeling by SpyTag-SpyCatcher in Fixed Cells for Super-Resolution Microscopy. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1492-1495. [PMID: 28514494 PMCID: PMC5599254 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Labeling proteins with high specificity and efficiency is a fundamental prerequisite for microscopic visualization of subcellular protein structures and interactions. Although the comparatively small size of epitope tags makes them less perturbative to fusion proteins, they require the use of large antibodies that often limit probe accessibility and effective resolution. Here we use the covalent SpyTag-SpyCatcher system as an epitope-like tag for fluorescent labeling of intracellular proteins in fixed cells for both conventional and super-resolution microscopy. We also applied this method to endogenous proteins by gene editing, demonstrating its high labeling efficiency and capability for isoform-specific labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Pessino
- Graduate Program of Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rose Citron
- Graduate Program of Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Siyu Feng
- The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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29
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Gilbert C, Howarth M, Harwood CR, Ellis T. Extracellular Self-Assembly of Functional and Tunable Protein Conjugates from Bacillus subtilis. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:957-967. [PMID: 28230977 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to stably and specifically conjugate recombinant proteins to one another is a powerful approach for engineering multifunctional enzymes, protein therapeutics, and novel biological materials. While many of these applications have been illustrated through in vitro and in vivo intracellular protein conjugation methods, extracellular self-assembly of protein conjugates offers unique advantages: simplifying purification, reducing toxicity and burden, and enabling tunability. Exploiting the recently described SpyTag-SpyCatcher system, we describe here how enzymes and structural proteins can be genetically encoded to covalently conjugate in culture media following programmable secretion from Bacillus subtilis. Using this approach, we demonstrate how self-conjugation of a secreted industrial enzyme, XynA, dramatically increases its resilience to boiling, and we show that cellular consortia can be engineered to self-assemble functional protein-protein conjugates with tunable composition. This novel genetically encoded modular system provides a flexible strategy for protein conjugation harnessing the substantial advantages of extracellular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Gilbert
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology and Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Colin R. Harwood
- Centre
for Bacterial Cell Biology, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, U.K
| | - Tom Ellis
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology and Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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Ståhl S, Gräslund T, Eriksson Karlström A, Frejd FY, Nygren PÅ, Löfblom J. Affibody Molecules in Biotechnological and Medical Applications. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:691-712. [PMID: 28514998 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Affibody molecules are small (6.5-kDa) affinity proteins based on a three-helix bundle domain framework. Since their introduction 20 years ago as an alternative to antibodies for biotechnological applications, the first therapeutic affibody molecules have now entered clinical development and more than 400 studies have been published in which affibody molecules have been developed and used in a variety of contexts. In this review, we focus primarily on efforts over the past 5 years to explore the potential of affibody molecules for medical applications in oncology, neurodegenerative, and inflammation disorders, including molecular imaging, receptor signal blocking, and delivery of toxic payloads. In addition, we describe recent examples of biotechnological applications, in which affibody molecules have been exploited as modular affinity fusion partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ståhl
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Torbjörn Gräslund
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Y Frejd
- Unit of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Affibody AB, Gunnar Asplunds Allé 24, SE-171 69 Solna, Sweden
| | - Per-Åke Nygren
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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