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Kou D, Gao L, Lin R, Zhang S, Ma W. Hydrogen Bond-Mediated Self-Shielded Moisture-Responsive Structural Color for Time-Temperature Indicating. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310060. [PMID: 38408157 PMCID: PMC11077668 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Effective monitoring of the time-temperature history of biological reagents, chemical drugs, and perishable foods during cold chain storage is crucial for ensuring their quality and efficacy. Time-temperature indicators (TTIs) are developed to assess the cumulative impact of time and temperature on product quality. However, current indicators face challenges related to complex wrapping procedures, narrow tracking ranges, susceptibility to photobleaching, and pre-use instability, hampering widespread use. Herein, the first moisture-responsive 1D photonic crystal (1DPC) TTIs featuring robust structural colors, customizable time-temperature ranges, and reliable renewability are demonstrated. The indicators exhibit distinct color-changing responsiveness toward water vapor, which remains observable after prolonged storage at low temperatures. Significantly, the moisture responsiveness gradually diminishes at elevated temperatures over time due to ambient water-induced hydrogen bond formation, effectively shielding the indicator from external stimuli. This property enables the naked-eye inspection of product efficacy during cold chain storage. Additionally, the endowed flexibility of the TTI facilitates its easy attachment to targets, functioning as a convenient indicator label. Remarkably, the indicator can be stably stored for an extended period at room temperature before use, thereby showcasing substantial market potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsFrontier Science Center for Smart MaterialsDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsFrontier Science Center for Smart MaterialsDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Ruicheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsFrontier Science Center for Smart MaterialsDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsFrontier Science Center for Smart MaterialsDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsFrontier Science Center for Smart MaterialsDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
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2
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Bayat M, Mardani H, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Hoogenboom R. Self-indicating polymers: a pathway to intelligent materials. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4045-4085. [PMID: 38449438 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00431g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Self-indicating polymers have emerged as a promising class of smart materials that possess the unique ability to undergo detectable variations in their physical or chemical properties in response to various stimuli. This article presents an overview of the most important mechanisms through which these materials exhibit self-indication, including aggregation, phase transition, covalent and non-covalent bond cleavage, isomerization, charge transfer, and energy transfer. Aggregation is a prevalent mechanism observed in self-indicating polymers, where changes in the degree of molecular organization result in variations in optical or electrical properties. Phase transition-induced self-indication relies on the transformation between different phases, such as liquid-to-solid or crystalline-to-amorphous transitions, leading to observable changes in color or conductivity. Covalent bond cleavage-based self-indicating polymers undergo controlled degradation or fragmentation upon exposure to specific triggers, resulting in noticeable variations in their structural or mechanical properties. Isomerization is another crucial mechanism exploited in self-indicating polymers, where the reversible transformation between the different isomeric forms induces detectable changes in fluorescence or absorption spectra. Charge transfer-based self-indicating polymers rely on the modulation of electron or hole transfer within the polymer backbone, manifesting as changes in electrical conductivity or redox properties. Energy transfer is an essential mechanism utilized by certain self-indicating polymers, where energy transfer between chromophores or fluorophores leads to variations in the emission characteristics. Furthermore, this review article highlights the diverse range of applications for self-indicating polymers. These materials find particular use in sensing and monitoring applications, where their responsive nature enables them to act as sensors for specific analytes, environmental parameters, or mechanical stress. Self-indicating polymers have also been used in the development of smart materials, including stimuli-responsive coatings, drug delivery systems, food sensors, wearable devices, and molecular switches. The unique combination of tunable properties and responsiveness makes self-indicating polymers highly promising for future advancements in the fields of biotechnology, materials science, and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Bayat
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hanieh Mardani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Kim S, Jeon H, Koo JM, Oh DX, Park J. Practical Applications of Self-Healing Polymers Beyond Mechanical and Electrical Recovery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302463. [PMID: 38361378 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Self-healing polymeric materials, which can repair physical damage, offer promising prospects for protective applications across various industries. Although prolonged durability and resource conservation are key advantages, focusing solely on mechanical recovery may limit the market potential of these materials. The unique physical properties of self-healing polymers, such as interfacial reduction, seamless connection lines, temperature/pressure responses, and phase transitions, enable a multitude of innovative applications. In this perspective, the diverse applications of self-healing polymers beyond their traditional mechanical strength are emphasized and their potential in various sectors such as food packaging, damage-reporting, radiation shielding, acoustic conservation, biomedical monitoring, and tissue regeneration is explored. With regards to the commercialization challenges, including scalability, robustness, and performance degradation under extreme conditions, strategies to overcome these limitations and promote successful industrialization are discussed. Furthermore, the potential impacts of self-healing materials on future research directions, encompassing environmental sustainability, advanced computational techniques, integration with emerging technologies, and tailoring materials for specific applications are examined. This perspective aims to inspire interdisciplinary approaches and foster the adoption of self-healing materials in various real-life settings, ultimately contributing to the development of next-generation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semin Kim
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Koo
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
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Azizi-Lalabadi M, Rahimzadeh-Sani Z, Feng J, Hosseini H, Jafari SM. The impact of essential oils on the qualitative properties, release profile, and stimuli-responsiveness of active food packaging nanocomposites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1822-1845. [PMID: 34486886 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1971154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Food industries attempt to introduce a new food packaging by blending essential oils (EOs) into the polymeric matrix as an active packaging, which has great ability to preserve the quality of food and increase its shelf life by releasing active compounds within storage. The main point in designing the active packaging is controlled-release of active substances for their enhanced activity. Biopolymers are functional substances, which suggest structural integrity to sense external stimuli like temperature, pH, or ionic strength. The controlled release of EOs from active packaging and their stimuli-responsive properties can be very important for practical applications of these novel biocomposites. EOs can affect the uniformity of the polymeric matrix and physical and structural characteristics of the composites, such as moisture content, solubility in water, water vapor transmission rate, elongation at break, and tensile strength. To measure the ingredients of EOs and their migration from food packaging, chromatographic methods can be used. A head-space-solid phase micro-extraction coupled to gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technique is as a good process for evaluating the release of Eos. Therefore, the aims of this review were to evaluate the qualitative characteristics, release profile, and stimuli-responsiveness of active and smart food packaging nanocomposites loaded with essential oils and developing such multi-faceted packaging for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azizi-Lalabadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Rahimzadeh-Sani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jianguo Feng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hamed Hosseini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Choi S, Eom Y, Kim SM, Jeong DW, Han J, Koo JM, Hwang SY, Park J, Oh DX. A Self-Healing Nanofiber-Based Self-Responsive Time-Temperature Indicator for Securing a Cold-Supply Chain. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907064. [PMID: 32022987 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Perishable foods at undesired temperatures can generate foodborne illnesses that present significant societal costs. To certify refrigeration succession in a food-supply chain, a flexible, easy-to-interpret, damage-tolerant, and sensitive time-temperature indicator (TTI) that uses a self-healing nanofiber mat is devised. This mat is opaque when refrigerated due to nanofiber-induced light scattering, but becomes irreversibly transparent at room temperature through self-healing-induced interfibrillar fusion leading to the appearance of a warning sign. The mat monitors both freezer (-20 °C) and chiller (2 °C) successions and its timer is tunable over the 0.5-22.5 h range through control of the polymer composition and film thickness. The thin mat itself serves as both a temperature sensor and display; it does not require modularization, accurately measures localized or gradient heat, and functions even after crushing, cutting, and when weight-loaded in a manner that existing TTIs cannot. It also contains no drainable chemicals and is attachable to various shapes because it operates through an intrinsic physical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Choi
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Eom
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Kim
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jeong
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Han
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Koo
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Gao M, Lian C, Xing R, Wang J, Wang X, Tian Z. The photo-/thermo-chromism of spiropyran in alkanes as a temperature abuse indicator in the cold chain of vaccines. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02975k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Color change related to the phase change of spiropyran–merocyanine system can indicate temperature changes in vaccine transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Gao
- School of Chemistry Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Chaofan Lian
- School of Chemistry Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Rang Xing
- School of Chemistry Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Chemistry Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- School of Chemistry Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhiyuan Tian
- School of Chemistry Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
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7
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Gao S, Tang G, Hua D, Xiong R, Han J, Jiang S, Zhang Q, Huang C. Stimuli-responsive bio-based polymeric systems and their applications. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:709-729. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02491j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article highlights the properties of stimuli-responsive bio-based polymeric systems and their main intelligent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU)
- Nanjing 210037
- P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU)
- Nanjing 210037
- P. R. China
| | - Dawei Hua
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU)
- Nanjing 210037
- P. R. China
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Lab General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University
- Belgium
| | - Jingquan Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU)
- Nanjing 210037
- P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU)
- Nanjing 210037
- P. R. China
| | - Qilu Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU)
- Nanjing 210037
- P. R. China
- Laboratory of Biopolymer based Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
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Sharber SA, Shih KC, Mann A, Frausto F, Haas TE, Nieh MP, Thomas SW. Reversible mechanofluorochromism of aniline-terminated phenylene ethynylenes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5415-5426. [PMID: 30009013 PMCID: PMC6009520 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00980e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven three-ring phenylene-ethynylene (PE) structural analogs, differing only in the lengths of alkyl chains on terminal aniline substituents, show 50-62 nm bathochromic shifts in emission maxima in response to mechanical force (mechanofluorochromism, MC). These shifts are fully reversible with heat or solvent fuming. Shearing of these solids yields a transition from green-emitting crystalline phases to orange-emitting amorphous phases as established by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Molecules with shorter alkyl chain lengths required higher temperatures to recover the hypsochromically shifted crystalline phases after grinding, while the recovery with chain lengths longer than butyl occurred at room temperature. In addition to this structure-dependent thermochromism, these compounds retain their MC properties in polymer hosts to various extents. The crystalline phases of these materials have PE chromophores that are twisted due to non-covalent perfluoroarene-arene (ArF-ArH) interactions involving perfluorophenyl pendants and the terminal rings of the PE chromophore, resulting in interrupted conjugation and an absence of chromophore aggregation. The MC behavior of an analog without the perfluoroarene rings is severely attenuated. This work demonstrates the general utility of twisted PEs as stimuli-responsive moieties and reveals clear structure-property relationships regarding the effects of alkyl chain length on these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Sharber
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , MA 02155 , USA .
| | - Kuo-Chih Shih
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Connecticut , 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs , CT 06269 , USA
| | - Arielle Mann
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , MA 02155 , USA .
| | - Fanny Frausto
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , MA 02155 , USA .
| | - Terry E Haas
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , MA 02155 , USA .
| | - Mu-Ping Nieh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Connecticut , 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs , CT 06269 , USA
| | - Samuel W Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , MA 02155 , USA .
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Qiu S, Ma C, Wang X, Zhou X, Feng X, Yuen RKK, Hu Y. Melamine-containing polyphosphazene wrapped ammonium polyphosphate: A novel multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:839-848. [PMID: 29190581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To achieve superior fire safety epoxy resins (EP), a novel multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid, melamine-containing polyphosphazene wrapped ammonium polyphosphate (PZMA@APP) with rich amino groups was prepared and used as an efficient flame retardant. Thanks to the cross-linked polyphosphazene part, PZMA@APP exhibited high flame retardant efficiency and smoke suppression to the EP composites. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that PZMA@APP significantly enhanced the thermal stability of EP composites. The obtained sample passed UL-94 V-0 rating with 10.0wt% addition of PZMA@APP. Notably, inclusion of incorporating PZMA@APP leads to significantly decrease on fire hazards of EP, for instance, bring about a 75.6% maximum decrease in peak heat release rate and 65.9% maximum reduction in total heat release, accompanied with lower smoke production rate and higher graphitized char layer. With regards to mechanical property, the glass transition temperature of EP/PZMA@APP10.0 was as high as 184.5°C. In particular, the addition of PZMA@APP did not worsen the mechanical properties, compared to pure APP. It was confirmed that the participation of melamine-containing polyphosphazene could significantly enhance the quality of char layer and thereby resulting the higher flame retardant efficiency of PZMA@APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China,96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China; Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China,96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China,96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China,96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Xiaming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China,96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China; Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Richard K K Yuen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China,96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
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10
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Alam P, Leung NLC, Su H, Qiu Z, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. A Highly Sensitive Bimodal Detection of Amine Vapours Based on Aggregation Induced Emission of 1,2-Dihydroquinoxaline Derivatives. Chemistry 2017; 23:14911-14917. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvej Alam
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute; No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Nelson L. C. Leung
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute; No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Huifang Su
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute; No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Zijie Qiu
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute; No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute; No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute; No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute; No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong P. R. China
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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