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Wang S, Tao H, Yang J, Cheng J, Liu H, Lian C. Structure and Screening in Confined Electrolytes: The Role of Ion Association. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7147-7153. [PMID: 38959446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The effect of ionic association on the structure and property of confined electrolytes is investigated using the classical density functional theory. We find that ionic association strongly affects the ion distribution, surface force, and screening behavior of confined electrolytes. The decay length ξ, which can describe the screening effect of high-concentration electrolytes, satisfies a scaling relationship ξ/λD ∼ (σ/λD)n, with λD being the Debye length and σ representing the ion diameter. We find that n = 1.5 in the nonassociation model, which is contributed by the charge correlation, but n = 3 in the association model, which is contributed by the density correlation. The ion association changes the concentration-dependent characteristics of the screening length by promoting the shift of the decay behavior from the charge-dominated regime to the density-dominated regime. Our result reveals the importance of ion association for electrolyte structure and screening behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haolan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Simonis ED, Blanchard GJ. Evaluating the contributions to conductivity in room temperature ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17048-17056. [PMID: 38836605 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The conductivity of room temperature ionic liquids is not described adequately by the Nernst-Einstein equation, which accounts only for Brownian motion of the ions. We report on the conductivity of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolum bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (BMIM TFSI), comparing the known conductivity of this RTIL to the diffusion constants of the cationic and anionic species over a range of length scales, using time-resolved fluorescence depolarization and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements of chromophores in the RTIL. Our data demonstrate that the diffusional contribution to molar conductivity is ca. 50%. Another mechanism for the transmission of charged species in RTILs is responsible for the "excess" molar conductivity, and we consider possible contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Simonis
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - G J Blanchard
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Wang X, Gao Q, Li L, Tatrari G, Shah FU, Laaksonen A, Ji X, An R. Quantifying and Decoupling Molecular Interactions of Ionic Liquids with Gold Electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:12017-12026. [PMID: 38804259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This work combined gold colloid probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to accurately quantify the molecular interactions of fluorine-free phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with gold electrode surfaces. First, the interactions of ILs with the gold electrode per unit area (F A ' , N/m2) were obtained via the force-distance curves measured by gold probe AFM. Second, a QCM was employed to detect the IL amount to acquire the equilibrium number of IL molecules adsorbed onto the gold electrode per unit area (NIL, Num/m2). Finally, the quantified molecular interactions of ILs with the gold electrode (F0, nN/Num) were estimated. F0 is closely related to the IL composition, in which the IL with the same anion but a longer phosphonium cation exhibits a stronger molecular interaction. The changes in the quantified interactions of gold with different ILs are consistent with the interactions predicted by the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory, and the van der Waals interaction was identified as the major contribution of the overall interaction. The quantified molecular interaction is expected to enable the direct experimental-derived interaction parameters for molecular simulations and provide the virtual design of novel ILs for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, P. R. China
| | - Qingwei Gao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Licheng Li
- Innovation Research Center of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Gaurav Tatrari
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Faiz Ullah Shah
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 41A, Iasi 700487, Romania
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Rong An
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, P. R. China
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Pontoni D, DiMichiel M, Murphy BM, Honkimäki V, Deutsch M. Ordering of ionic liquids at a charged sapphire interface: Evolution with cationic chain length. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 661:33-45. [PMID: 38295701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) bulk's molecular layering dominates their structure also at the RTIL/sapphire interface, increasing the layer spacing with the cationic alkyl chain length n. However, the negatively-charged sapphire surface compresses the layers, increases the layering range, and affects the intra-layer structure in yet unknown ways. EXPERIMENTS X-ray reflectivity (XR) off the RTIL/sapphire interface, for a broad homologous RTIL series 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethansulfonyl)imide, hitherto unavailable for any RTIL. FINDINGS RTIL layers against the sapphire, exhibit two spacings: da and db. da is n-varying, follows the behavior of the bulk spacing but exhibits a downshift, thus showing significant layer compression, and over twofold polar slab thinning. The latter suggests exclusion of anions from the interfacial region due to the negative sapphire charging by x-ray-released electrons. The layering range is larger than the bulk's. db is short and near n-independent, suggesting polar moieties' layering, the coexistence mode of which with the da-spaced layering is unclear. Comparing the present layering with the bulk's and the RTIL/air interface's provides insight into the Coulomb and dispersion interaction balance dominating the RTIL's structure and the impact thereon of the presence of a charged solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pontoni
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco DiMichiel
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Bridget M Murphy
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Kiel D-24098, Germany; Ruprecht-Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, Kiel D-24118, Germany
| | - Veijo Honkimäki
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Moshe Deutsch
- Physics Dept. & Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Dong E, Huo Q, Zhang J, Han H, Cai T, Liu D. Advancements in nanoscale delivery systems: optimizing intermolecular interactions for superior drug encapsulation and precision release. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01579-w. [PMID: 38573495 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Nanoscale preparations, such as nanoparticles, micelles, and liposomes, are increasingly recognized in pharmaceutical technology for their high capability in tailoring the pharmacokinetics of the encapsulated drug within the body. These preparations have great potential in extending drug half-life, reducing dosing frequency, mitigating drug side effects, and enhancing drug efficacy. Consequently, nanoscale preparations offer promising prospects for the treatment of metabolic disorders, malignant tumors, and various chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the complete clinical potential of nanoscale preparations remains untapped due to the challenges associated with low drug loading degrees and insufficient control over drug release. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the vital role of intermolecular interactions in enhancing encapsulation and controlling drug release within nanoscale delivery systems. Our analysis critically evaluates the characteristics of common intermolecular interactions and elucidates the techniques employed to assess them. Moreover, we highlight the significant potential of intermolecular interactions in clinical translation, particularly in the screening and optimization of preparation prescriptions. By attaining a deeper understanding of intermolecular interaction properties and mechanisms, we can adopt a more rational approach to designing drug carriers, leading to substantial advancements in the application and clinical transformation of nanoscale preparations. Moving forward, continued research in this field offers exciting prospects for unlocking the full clinical potential of nanoscale preparations and revolutionizing the field of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enpeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hanghang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Dongfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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6
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An R, Wu N, Gao Q, Dong Y, Laaksonen A, Shah FU, Ji X, Fuchs H. Integrative studies of ionic liquid interface layers: bridging experiments, theoretical models and simulations. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:506-535. [PMID: 38356335 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of salts existing in the liquid state below 100 °C, possessing low volatility, high thermal stability as well as many highly attractive solvent and electrochemical capabilities, etc., making them highly tunable for a great variety of applications, such as lubricants, electrolytes, and soft functional materials. In many applications, ILs are first either physi- or chemisorbed on a solid surface to successively create more functional materials. The functions of ILs at solid surfaces can differ considerably from those of bulk ILs, mainly due to distinct interfacial layers with tunable structures resulting in new ionic liquid interface layer properties and enhanced performance. Due to an almost infinite number of possible combinations among the cations and anions to form ILs, the diversity of various solid surfaces, as well as different external conditions and stimuli, a detailed molecular-level understanding of their structure-property relationship is of utmost significance for a judicious design of IL-solid interfaces with appropriate properties for task-specific applications. Many experimental techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, surface force apparatus, and so on, have been used for studying the ion structuring of the IL interface layer. Molecular Dynamics simulations have been widely used to investigate the microscopic behavior of the IL interface layer. To interpret and clarify the IL structure and dynamics as well as to predict their properties, it is always beneficial to combine both experiments and simulations as close as possible. In another theoretical model development to bridge the structure and properties of the IL interface layer with performance, thermodynamic prediction & property modeling has been demonstrated as an effective tool to add the properties and function of the studied nanomaterials. Herein, we present recent findings from applying the multiscale triangle "experiment-simulation-thermodynamic modeling" in the studies of ion structuring of ILs in the vicinity of solid surfaces, as well as how it qualitatively and quantitatively correlates to the overall ILs properties, performance, and function. We introduce the most common techniques behind "experiment-simulation-thermodynamic modeling" and how they are applied for studying the IL interface layer structuring, and we highlight the possibilities of the IL interface layer structuring in applications such as lubrication and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong An
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Nanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qingwei Gao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yihui Dong
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, ''Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi 700469, Romania
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Faiz Ullah Shah
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Hayler HJ, Groves TS, Guerrini A, Southam A, Zheng W, Perkin S. The surface force balance: direct measurement of interactions in fluids and soft matter. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:046601. [PMID: 38382100 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad2b9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Over the last half-century, direct measurements of surface forces have been instrumental in the exploration of a multitude of phenomena in liquid, soft, and biological matter. Measurements of van der Waals interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, structural forces, depletion forces, and many other effects have checked and challenged theoretical predictions and motivated new models and understanding. The gold-standard instrument for these measurements is thesurface force balance(SFB), orsurface forces apparatus, where interferometry is used to detect the interaction force and distance between two atomically smooth planes, with 0.1 nm resolution, over separations from about 1 µm down to contact. The measured interaction forcevs.distance gives access to the free energy of interaction across the fluid film; a fundamental quantity whose general form and subtle features reveal the underlying molecular and surface interactions and their variation. Motivated by new challenges in emerging fields of research, such as energy storage, biomaterials, non-equilibrium and driven systems, innovations to the apparatus are now clearing the way for new discoveries. It is now possible to measure interaction forces (and free energies) with control of electric field, surface potential, surface chemistry; to measure time-dependent effects; and to determine structurein situ. Here, we provide an overview the operating principles and capabilities of the SFB with particular focus on the recent developments and future possibilities of this remarkable technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Hayler
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy S Groves
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aurora Guerrini
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Astrid Southam
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Weichao Zheng
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Perkin
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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8
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Yang J, Papaderakis AA, Roh JS, Keerthi A, Adams RW, Bissett MA, Radha B, Dryfe RAW. Measuring the Capacitance of Carbon in Ionic Liquids: From Graphite to Graphene. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:3674-3684. [PMID: 38476828 PMCID: PMC10926162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c08269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The physical electrochemistry of the carbon/ionic liquids interface underpins the processes occurring in a vast range of applications spanning electrochemical energy storage, iontronic devices, and lubrication. Elucidating the charge storage mechanisms at the carbon/electrolyte interface will lead to a better understanding of the operational principles of such systems. Herein, we probe the charge stored at the electrochemical double layer formed between model carbon systems, ranging from single-layer graphene to graphite and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM-TFSI). The effect of the number of graphene layers on the overall capacitance of the interface is investigated. We demonstrate that in pure EMIM-TFSI and at moderate potential biases, the electronic properties of graphene and graphite govern the overall capacitance of the interface, while the electrolyte contribution to the latter is less significant. In mixtures of EMIM-TFSI with solvents of varying relative permittivity, the complex interplay between electrolyte ions and solvent molecules is shown to influence the charge stored at the interface, which under certain conditions overcomes the effects of relative permittivity. This work provides additional experimental insights into the continuously advancing topic of electrochemical double-layer structure at the interface between room temperature ionic liquids and carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Athanasios A. Papaderakis
- Department
of Chemistry and Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Ji Soo Roh
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
- National
Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Ashok Keerthi
- Department
of Chemistry and Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
- National
Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Ralph W. Adams
- Department
of Chemistry and Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Mark A. Bissett
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
- National
Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Boya Radha
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Robert A. W. Dryfe
- Department
of Chemistry and Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
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9
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Sarma R, Hardt S. Giant Thermoelectric Response of Confined Electrolytes with Thermally Activated Charge Carrier Generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:098001. [PMID: 38489648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.098001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The thermoelectric response of thermally activated electrolytes (TAEs) in a slit channel is studied theoretically and by numerical simulations. The term TAE refers to electrolytes whose charge carrier concentration is a function of temperature, as recently suggested for ionic liquids and highly concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions. Two competing mechanisms driving charge transport by temperature gradients are identified. For suitable values of the activation energy that governs the generation of charge carriers, a giant thermoelectric response is found, which could help explain recent experimental results for nanoporous media infiltrated with TAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Sarma
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Fachgebiet Nano- und Mikrofluidik, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steffen Hardt
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Fachgebiet Nano- und Mikrofluidik, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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10
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Höllring K, Baer A, Vučemilović-Alagić N, Smith DM, Smith AS. Anisotropic molecular diffusion in confinement II: A model for structurally complex particles applied to transport in thin ionic liquid films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 657:272-289. [PMID: 38043229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Diffusion in confinement is an important fundamental problem with significant implications for applications of supported liquid phases. However, resolving the spatially dependent diffusion coefficient, parallel and perpendicular to interfaces, has been a standing issue and for objects of nanometric size, which structurally fluctuate on a similar time scale as they diffuse, no methodology has been established so far. We hypothesise that the complex, coupled dynamics can be captured and analysed by using a model built on the 2-dimensional Smoluchowski equation and systematic coarse-graining. METHODS AND SIMULATIONS For large, flexible species, a universal approach is offered that does not make any assumptions about the separation of time scales between translation and other degrees of freedom. The method is validated on Molecular Dynamics simulations of bulk systems of a family of ionic liquids with increasing cation sizes where internal degrees of freedom have little to major effects. FINDINGS After validation on bulk liquids, where we provide an interpretation of two diffusion constants for each species found experimentally, we clearly demonstrate the anisotropic nature of diffusion coefficients at interfaces. Spatial variations in the diffusivities relate to interface-induced structuring of the ionic liquids. Notably, the length scales in strongly confined ionic liquids vary consistently but differently at the solid-liquid and liquid-vapour interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Höllring
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraß e 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Baer
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraß e 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nataša Vučemilović-Alagić
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraß e 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany; Group of Computational Life Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - David M Smith
- Group of Computational Life Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Ana-Sunčana Smith
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraß e 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany; Group of Computational Life Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
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11
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Hossain MI, Wang H, Adhikari L, Baker GA, Mezzetta A, Guazzelli L, Mussini P, Xie W, Blanchard GJ. Structure-Dependence and Mechanistic Insights into the Piezoelectric Effect in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1495-1505. [PMID: 38301038 PMCID: PMC10961722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
We reported recently that two imidazolium room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) exhibit the direct piezoelectric effect (J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2023, 14, 2731-2735). We have subsequently investigated several other RTILs with pyrrolidinium and imidazolium cations and tetrafluoroborate and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions in an effort to gain insight into the generality and mechanism of the effect. All the RTILs studied exhibit the direct piezoelectric effect, with a magnitude (d33) and threshold force that depend on the structures of both the cation and anion. The structure-dependence and existence of a threshold force for the piezoelectric effect are consistent with a pressure-induced liquid-to-crystalline solid phase transition in the RTILs, and this is consistent with experimental X-ray diffraction data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Iqbal Hossain
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Haozhe Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Laxmi Adhikari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mussini
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - G. J. Blanchard
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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12
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Coskun OK, Muñoz M, Dongare S, Dean W, Gurkan BE. Understanding the Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces of Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38341773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Developing unconventional electrolytes such as ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has led to remarkable advances in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices. However, the understanding of the electrode-electrolyte interfaces of these electrolytes, specifically the liquid structure and the charge/electron transfer mechanism and rates, is lacking due to the complexity of molecular interactions, the difficulty in studying the buried interfaces with nanometer-scale resolution, and the distribution of the time scales for the various interfacial events. This Feature Article outlines the standing questions in the field, summarizes some of the exciting approaches and results, and discusses our contributions to probing the electrified interfaces by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and neutron reflectivity (NR). The related findings are analyzed within electrical double-layer models to provide a framework for studying ILs, DESs, and, more broadly, the concentrated hydrogen-bonded electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Kagan Coskun
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Miguel Muñoz
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Saudagar Dongare
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - William Dean
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Burcu E Gurkan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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13
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Liu B, Guo W, Anderson SR, Johnstone SG, Wu S, Herrington MC, Gebbie MA. Exploring how cation entropy influences electric double layer formation and electrochemical reactivity. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:351-364. [PMID: 38093637 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01302b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Electric double layers are crucial to energy storage and electrocatalytic device performance. While double layer formation originates in electrostatic interactions, electric double layer properties are governed by a balance of both electrostatic and entropic driving forces. Favorable ion-surface electrostatic interactions attract counterions to charged surfaces to compensate, or "screen," potentials, but the confinement of these same ions from a bulk reservoir to the interface incurs an entropic penalty. Here, we use a dicationic imidazolium ionic liquid and its monovalent analogue to explore how cation valence and entropy influence double layer formation and electrochemical reactivity using CO2 electroreduction as a model reaction. We find that divalent and monovalent cations display similar CO2 reduction kinetics but differ vastly in steady-state reactivity due to rapid electrochemically induced precipitation of insulating dicationic (bi)carbonate films. Using in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, we find that potential-dependent cation reorientation occurs at similar potentials between the two ionic liquids, but the introduction of a covalent link in the divalent cation imparts a more ordered double layer structure that favors (bi)carbonate precipitation. In mixed monovalent-divalent electrolytes, we find that the divalent cations dominate interfacial properties by preferentially accumulating at surfaces even at very low relative concentrations. Our findings confirm that ion entropy plays a key role in modulating local electrochemical environments. Furthermore, we highlight how double layer properties are sensitive to the properties of counterions that pay the lowest entropic penalty to accumulate at interfaces. Overall, we illustrate that ion entropy provides a new knob to tune reaction microenvironments and unveil how entropy plays a major role in modulating electrochemical reactivity in mixed ion electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beichen Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
| | - Wenxiao Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
| | - Seth R Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
| | - Samuel G Johnstone
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
| | - Siqi Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
| | - Megan C Herrington
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
| | - Matthew A Gebbie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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14
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Hammond OS, Elstone NS, Doutch J, Li P, Edler KJ. Evidence for an L 3 phase in ternary deep eutectics: composition-induced L 3-to-L α transition of AOT. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19314-19321. [PMID: 37997686 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03689h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Pure and hydrated deep eutectic solvents (DES) are proposed to form self-assembled nanostructures within the fluid bulk, similar to the bicontinuous L3 phase common for ionic liquids (ILs). Labelled choline chloride : urea : water DES were measured using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), showing no long-range nanostructure. However, solutions of the surfactant AOT in this DES yielded scattering consistent with the L3 "sponge" phase, which was fitted using the Teubner-Strey model. A disclike model gave local structural information, namely, a linear increase in radius versus solvent water content (w = molar ratio of DES : water), eventually forming large, turbid lamellar phases at 10w; an L3-to-Lα transition was observed. Simultaneous multi-contrast SANS fits show the surfactant headgroup region is dominated by interactions with poorly-soluble Na+ at low water contents, and numerically-superior [cholinium]+ as water content increases. The modified interfacial Gaussian curvature from cation : anion volume matching stabilizes the lamellar morphology, allowing the bilayer aggregation number to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S Hammond
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies & Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Naomi S Elstone
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies & Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - James Doutch
- ISIS Neutron & Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell-Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peixun Li
- ISIS Neutron & Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell-Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Karen J Edler
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies & Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
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15
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Höllring K, Baer A, Vučemilović-Alagić N, Smith DM, Smith AS. Anisotropic molecular diffusion in confinement I: Transport of small particles in potential and density gradients. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1930-1940. [PMID: 37517192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Diffusion in confinement is an important fundamental problem with significant implications for applications of supported liquid phases. However, resolving the spatially dependent diffusion coefficient, parallel and perpendicular to interfaces, has been a standing issue. In the vicinity of interfaces, density fluctuations as a consequence of layering locally impose statistical drift, which impedes the analysis of spatially dependent diffusion coefficients even further. We hypothesise, that we can derive a model to spatially resolve interface-perpendicular diffusion coefficients based on local lifetime statistics with an extension to explicitly account for the effect of local drift using the Smoluchowski equation, that allows us to resolve anisotropic and spatially dependent diffusivity landscapes at interfaces. METHODS AND SIMULATIONS An analytic relation between local crossing times in system slices and diffusivity as well as an explicit term for calculating drift-induced systematic errors is presented. The method is validated on Molecular Dynamics simulations of bulk water and applied to simulations of water in slit pores. FINDINGS After validation on bulk liquids, we clearly demonstrate the anisotropic nature of diffusion coefficients at interfaces. Significant spatial variations in the diffusivities correlate with interface-induced structuring but cannot be solely attributed to the drift induced by local density fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Höllring
- PULS Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Baer
- PULS Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nataša Vučemilović-Alagić
- PULS Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Group of Computational Life Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, 10000 Croatia
| | - David M Smith
- Group of Computational Life Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, 10000 Croatia
| | - Ana-Sunčana Smith
- PULS Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Group of Computational Life Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, 10000 Croatia.
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16
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E S, Xing YZ, Du S, Liu AM, Gao Z, Zhou Q, Xuan Y, Zhao YN, Chen XW, Zhang SB. Shape Control of Carbon Nanoparticles via a Simple Anion-Directed Strategy for Precise Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311008. [PMID: 37707496 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, small-sized fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNs) with tunable shapes ranging from spheres to various rods with aspect ratios (ARs) of 1.00, 1.51, 1.89, and 2.85 are prepared using a simple anion-directed strategy for the first time. Based on comprehensive morphological and structural characteristics of CNs, along with theoretical calculations of density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations, their shape-control mechanism is attributed to interionic interactions-induced self-assembly, followed by carbonization. The endoplasmic reticulum-targeting accuracy of CNs is gradually enhanced as their shape changes from spherical to higher-AR rods, accompanied by a Pearson's correlation coefficient up to 0.90. This work presents a facile approach to control the shape of CNs and reveals the relationship between the shape and organelle-targeting abilities of CNs, thereby providing a novel idea to synthesize CNs that serve as precise organelle-targeted fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang E
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhi Xing
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Sang Du
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, P. R. China
| | - An Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, P. R. China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, P. R. China
| | - Yi Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Shu Biao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, P. R. China
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17
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Ding WL, Chen J, Lu Y, Liu G, Cao B, Wang C, Liu G, Peng XL, He H, Zhang S. Electron Density Learning of Z-Bonds in Ionic Liquids and Its Application. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9103-9111. [PMID: 37792476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) exhibit fascinating properties due to special Z-bonds and have been widely used in electrochemical systems. The local Z-bond networks potentially cause a discrepancy in electrochemical properties. Understanding the correlations between the Z-bond energy (EZ-bond) and the electrochemical properties is helpful to identify appropriate ILs. It is difficult to estimate the correlations from single density functional theory calculations or molecular dynamic simulations. In this work, a machine learning model targeting the electronic density (ρBCP) of Z-bonds has been trained successfully, as expected for use in systems above the nanoscale size. The connection between the EZ-bond and the electrochemical potential window in ILs@TiO2, as well as that between the EZ-bond and the charge carrier mobility in ILs-PEDOT:Tos@SiO2, was separately investigated. This study highlights an efficient model for predicting ρBCP in nanoscale systems and anticipates exploring the connection between Z-bonds and the electrochemical properties of IL-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yumiao Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guliang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bobo Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenlu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangyong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | - Hongyan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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18
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Karaoglu G, Kutbay E, Ince S, Ulgut B, Suzer S. Assessing Local Electrical Properties of Ionic Liquid/Metal Interfaces with Operando-XPS and by Incorporating Additional Circuit Elements. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14861-14869. [PMID: 37768186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been utilized to record binding energy changes upon applying direct current (DC) and/or alternating current (AC) (square-wave) bias with different frequencies on a coplanar capacitor, having an ionic liquid (IL) film as the electrolyte. Electrical potential developments in numerous locations on the device are extracted from the variations in binding energy positions of the atomic core levels, which together with electrochemical measurements are used to extract local information before and after insertion of additional resistors in series. The presence of the IL introduces complex charging/discharging processes with a direct influence on the electrical double layer (EDL) formation, some of which can be untangled from each other via AC modulation by choosing appropriate time windows of observation. Accordingly, under 10 kHz modulation, fast processes are sampled, which are associated with electronic currents, and effects of slow migratory currents can be measured using 0.1 Hz. The addition of serial resistors allows us to quantify AC currents passing through, which reveals the magnitude of the system's impedance under different conditions. This process surprisingly reverses differences(s) in the voltage developments between the low and high frequencies over the electrified electrodes compared to those over the porous membrane in between. Our approach turns XPS into a powerful electrical and surface-sensitive tool for extracting localized electrochemical properties in a noninvasive and direct way. We expect that a wider utilization of the technique will lead to better identification of the obstacles for developing the next-generation sensing, energy harvesting, and storage systems as well as devices for iontronic/neuromorphic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Karaoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Kutbay
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Ince
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Ulgut
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sefik Suzer
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Robertson H, Elliott GR, Nelson ARJ, Le Brun AP, Webber GB, Prescott SW, Craig VSJ, Wanless EJ, Willott JD. Underscreening in concentrated electrolytes: re-entrant swelling in polyelectrolyte brushes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24770-24782. [PMID: 37671535 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02206d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypersaline environments are ubiquitous in nature and are found in myriad technological processes. Recent empirical studies have revealed a significant discrepancy between predicted and observed screening lengths at high salt concentrations, a phenomenon referred to as underscreening. Herein we investigate underscreening using a cationic polyelectrolyte brush as an exemplar. Poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)trimethylammonium (PMETAC) brushes were synthesised and their internal structural changes and swelling response was monitored with neutron reflectometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Both techniques revealed a monotonic brush collapse as the concentration of symmetric monovalent electrolyte increased. However, a non-monotonic change in brush thickness was observed in all multivalent electrolytes at higher concentrations, known as re-entrant swelling; indicative of underscreening. For all electrolytes, numerical self-consistent field theory predictions align with experimental studies in the low-to-moderate salt concentration regions. Analysis suggests that the classical theory of electrolytes is insufficient to describe the screening lengths observed at high salt concentrations and that the re-entrant polyelectrolyte brush swelling seen herein is consistent with the so-called regular underscreening phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Robertson
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Gareth R Elliott
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Andrew R J Nelson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Stuart W Prescott
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vincent S J Craig
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Joshua D Willott
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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20
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Filippov A, Antzutkin ON. State of anion in ethylammonium nitrate enclosed between micrometer-spaced glass plates as studied by 17O and 15N NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14538-14545. [PMID: 37191082 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01737k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Some aprotic and protic ionic liquids (ILs) containing nitrate anion demonstrate unusual dynamic behavior of cations when these ILs are enclosed in micrometer-spaced layers between glass plates. We applied 17O and 15N NMR spectroscopy to discover the state and transformations of 17O and 15N isotopically enriched nitrate anion of ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) enclosed between glass plates. 15N NMR spectra demonstrated preferential orientation of the principal axes of the nitrate anions perpendicular to the normal of the glass surface. Therefore, isotropic ionic liquid EAN, when placed within a micrometer-spaced enclosure, forms an ordered phase, which is similar to a liquid crystal. The peculiarity of this phase is that the cations do not have a predominant orientation. Other features of this phase that are typical for liquid crystal phases are the changed local and translational dynamics in comparison with the isotropic state and slow transformation occurring under the action of an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Filippov
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Oleg N Antzutkin
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden.
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21
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Shumilin I, Tanbuz A, Harries D. Deep Eutectic Solvents for Efficient Drug Solvation: Optimizing Composition and Ratio for Solubility of β-Cyclodextrin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051462. [PMID: 37242704 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) show promise in pharmaceutical applications, most prominently as excellent solubilizers. Yet, because DES are complex multi-component mixtures, it is challenging to dissect the contribution of each component to solvation. Moreover, deviations from the eutectic concentration lead to phase separation of the DES, making it impractical to vary the ratios of components to potentially improve solvation. Water addition alleviates this limitation as it significantly decreases the melting temperature and stabilizes the DES single-phase region. Here, we follow the solubility of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in DES formed by the eutectic 2:1 mole ratio of urea and choline chloride (CC). Upon water addition to DES, we find that at almost all hydration levels, the highest β-CD solubility is achieved at DES compositions that are shifted from the 2:1 ratio. At higher urea to CC ratios, due to the limited solubility of urea, the optimum composition allowing the highest β-CD solubility is reached at the DES solubility limit. For mixtures with higher CC concentration, the composition allowing optimal solvation varies with hydration. For example, β-CD solubility at 40 wt% water is enhanced by a factor of 1.5 for a 1:2 urea to CC mole ratio compared with the 2:1 eutectic ratio. We further develop a methodology allowing us to link the preferential accumulation of urea and CC in the vicinity of β-CD to its increased solubility. The methodology we present here allows a dissection of solute interactions with DES components that is crucial for rationally developing improved drug and excipient formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Shumilin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ahmad Tanbuz
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Daniel Harries
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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22
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Khare P, Edgecomb SX, Hamadani CM, E L Tanner E, Manickam DS. Lipid nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to the brain. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114861. [PMID: 37150326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have revolutionized the field of drug delivery through their applications in siRNA delivery to the liver (Onpattro) and their use in the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. While LNPs have been extensively studied for the delivery of RNA drugs to muscle and liver targets, their potential to deliver drugs to challenging tissue targets such as the brain remains underexplored. Multiple brain disorders currently lack safe and effective therapies and therefore repurposing LNPs could potentially be a game changer for improving drug delivery to cellular targets both at and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this review, we will discuss (1) the rationale and factors involved in optimizing LNPs for brain delivery, (2) ionic liquid-coated LNPs as a potential approach for increasing LNP accumulation in the brain tissue and (3) considerations, open questions and potential opportunities in the development of LNPs for delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Khare
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sara X Edgecomb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, MS
| | | | - Eden E L Tanner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, MS.
| | - Devika S Manickam
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA.
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23
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Han X, Wang Z, Lu N, Tang J, Lu P, Zhu K, Guan J, Feike T. Comprehensive study on the hydrochar for adsorption of Cd(II): preparation, characterization, and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:64221-64232. [PMID: 37061638 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization process via converting invasive plants into functional materials may provide a novel strategy to comprehensively control and utilized the exotic invasive plants. In this study, Eupatorium adenophorum was utilized to fabricate the hydrochar via hydrothermal carbonization process, which was further applied to remove Cd(II). The results showed that the hydrochar was a mesoporous material with abundant O-containing functional groups (OFPs) on the surface. The adsorption isotherms were fitted by both the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the maximum adsorption amount achieved 24.53 mg/g. The adsorption dynamics were governed by surface adsorption and film diffusion. pH and ionic strength can exert a strong influence on the adsorption efficiency. The mechanisms on the adsorption of Cd(II) on the hydrochar concluded the pore-filling effects, electrostatic interactions, ion exchange, precipitation, coordination with π electrons, and surface complexation with the OFPs, such as hydroxyl, carboxylic, phenol, acetyl, and ester groups. Thus, hydrothermal carbonization process may provide a promising technique to fabricate the hydrocar for the treatment of Cd(II), which may facilitate comprehensive control of invasive plants and boost to the carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Zirui Wang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Lu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqing Tang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhu
- School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiunian Guan
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Til Feike
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Inst. for Strategies and Technology Assessment, Julius Kühn-Institut, 14532, Kleinmachnow, Germany
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24
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Bourke T, Gregory KP, Page AJ. Hofmeister effects influence bulk nanostructure in a protic ionic liquid. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:420-428. [PMID: 37156150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The origins and behaviour of specific ion effects have been studied in water for more than a century, and more recently in nonaqueous molecular solvents. However, the impacts of specific ion effects on more complex solvents such as nanostructured ionic liquids remains unclear. Here, we hypothesise that the influence of dissolved ions on the hydrogen bonding in the nanostructured ionic liquid propylammonium nitrate (PAN) constitutes a specific ion effect. EXPERIMENTS We performed molecular dynamics simulations of bulk PAN and 1-50 mol% PAN-PAX (X = halide anions F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) and PAN-YNO3 (Y = alkali metal cations, Li+, Na+, K+ and Rb+) solutions to investigate how monovalent salts influence the bulk nanostructure in PAN. FINDINGS The key structural characteristic in PAN is a well-defined hydrogen bond network formed within the polar and non-polar domains in its nanostructure. We show that dissolved alkali metal cations and halide anions have significant and unique influences on the strength of this network. Cations (Li+, Na+, K+ and Rb+) consistently promote hydrogen bonding in the PAN polar domain. Conversely, the influence of halide anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) is ion specific; while F- disrupts PAN hydrogen bonding, I- promotes it. The manipulation of PAN hydrogen bonding therefore constitutes a specific ion effect - i.e. a physicochemical phenomena caused by the presence of dissolved ions, which are dependent on these ions' identity. We analyse these results using a recently proposed predictor of specific ion effects developed for molecular solvents, and show that it is also capable of rationalising specific ion effects in the more complex solvent environment of an ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bourke
- Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kasimir P Gregory
- Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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25
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Hu T, Zhang J, Xia J, Li X, Tao P, Deng T. A Review on Recent Progress in Preparation of Medium-Temperature Solar-Thermal Nanofluids with Stable Dispersion. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1399. [PMID: 37110985 PMCID: PMC10141638 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Direct absorption of sunlight and conversion into heat by uniformly dispersed photothermal nanofluids has emerged as a facile way to efficiently harness abundant renewable solar-thermal energy for a variety of heating-related applications. As the key component of the direct absorption solar collectors, solar-thermal nanofluids, however, generally suffer from poor dispersion and tend to aggregate, and the aggregation and precipitation tendency becomes even stronger at elevated temperatures. In this review, we overview recent research efforts and progresses in preparing solar-thermal nanofluids that can be stably and homogeneously dispersed under medium temperatures. We provide detailed description on the dispersion challenges and the governing dispersion mechanisms, and introduce representative dispersion strategies that are applicable to ethylene glycol, oil, ionic liquid, and molten salt-based medium-temperature solar-thermal nanofluids. The applicability and advantages of four categories of stabilization strategies including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic stabilization, steric stabilization, and self-dispersion stabilization in improving the dispersion stability of different type of thermal storage fluids are discussed. Among them, recently emerged self-dispersible nanofluids hold the potential for practical medium-temperature direct absorption solar-thermal energy harvesting. In the end, the exciting research opportunities, on-going research need and possible future research directions are also discussed. It is anticipated that the overview of recent progress in improving dispersion stability of medium-temperature solar-thermal nanofluids can not only stimulate exploration of direct absorption solar-thermal energy harvesting applications, but also provide a promising means to solve the fundamental limiting issue for general nanofluid technologies.
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Abstract
The piezoelectric effect was discovered over a century ago, and it has found wide application since that time. The direct piezoelectric effect is the production of charge upon application of force to a material, and the converse piezoelectric effect is a change in the material dimension(s) upon the application of a potential. To date, piezoelectric effects have been observed only in solid-phase materials. We report here the observation of the direct piezoelectric effect in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The RTILs 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide (BMIM+TFSI-) and 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (HMIM+TFSI-) produce a potential upon the application of force when confined in a cell, with the magnitude of the potential being directly proportional to the force applied. The effect is one order of magnitude smaller than that seen in quartz. This is the first report to our knowledge of the direct piezoelectric effect in a neat liquid. Its discovery has fundamental implications about the organization and dynamics in ionic liquids and invites theoretical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Hossain
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - G J Blanchard
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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27
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Härtel A, Bültmann M, Coupette F. Anomalous Underscreening in the Restricted Primitive Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:108202. [PMID: 36962045 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.108202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Underscreening is a collective term for charge correlations in electrolytes decaying slower than the Debye length. Anomalous underscreening refers to phenomenology that cannot be attributed alone to steric interactions. Experiments with concentrated electrolytes and ionic fluids report anomalous underscreening, which so far has not been observed in simulation. We present Molecular Dynamics simulation results exhibiting anomalous underscreening that can be connected to cluster formation. A theory that accounts for ion pairing confirms the trend. Our results challenge the classic understanding of dense electrolytes impacting the design of technologies for energy storage and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Härtel
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Bültmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Coupette
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Hossain MI, Adhikari L, Baker GA, Blanchard GJ. Relating the Induced Free Charge Density Gradient in a Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid to Molecular-Scale Organization. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1780-1788. [PMID: 36790441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on dilution-dependent changes in the local environments of chromophores incorporated into room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-molecular solvent binary systems where the ionic liquid cation and molecular solvent possess the same alkyl chain length. We have used the RTIL 1-decyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (DMPyrr+TFSI-) and the molecular solvent 1-decanol. Perylene was used as a non-polar probe, and cresyl violet (CV+) was used as a polar probe chromophore. We observe that in both regions there is a change in the chromophore local environments with increasing 1-decanol content. The changes in the nonpolar regions of the binary RTIL-molecular solvent system occur at a lower 1-decanol concentration than changes in the polar regions. Both chromophores reorient as oblate rotors in this binary system, allowing detailed information on the relative values of the Cartesian components of the rotational diffusion constants to be extracted from the experimental data. The induced free charge density gradient, ρf, known to exist in RTILs, persists to high 1-decanol content (1-decanol mole fraction of 0.75), with the structural details of the gradient being reflected in depth-dependent changes in the Cartesian components of the rotational diffusion constants of CV+. This is the first time that changes in molecular organization have been correlated with ρf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Laxmi Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Gary A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - G J Blanchard
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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29
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Fiedler J, Berland K, Borchert JW, Corkery RW, Eisfeld A, Gelbwaser-Klimovsky D, Greve MM, Holst B, Jacobs K, Krüger M, Parsons DF, Persson C, Presselt M, Reisinger T, Scheel S, Stienkemeier F, Tømterud M, Walter M, Weitz RT, Zalieckas J. Perspectives on weak interactions in complex materials at different length scales. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2671-2705. [PMID: 36637007 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite materials consist of nanometer-sized quantum objects such as atoms, molecules, voids or nanoparticles embedded in a host material. These quantum objects can be exploited as a super-structure, which can be designed to create material properties targeted for specific applications. For electromagnetism, such targeted properties include field enhancements around the bandgap of a semiconductor used for solar cells, directional decay in topological insulators, high kinetic inductance in superconducting circuits, and many more. Despite very different application areas, all of these properties are united by the common aim of exploiting collective interaction effects between quantum objects. The literature on the topic spreads over very many different disciplines and scientific communities. In this review, we present a cross-disciplinary overview of different approaches for the creation, analysis and theoretical description of nanocomposites with applications related to electromagnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fiedler
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Berland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Ås Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - J W Borchert
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R W Corkery
- Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Eisfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Gelbwaser-Klimovsky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - M M Greve
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - B Holst
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Jacobs
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Center for Biophysics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Max Planck School Matter to Life, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krüger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - D F Parsons
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - C Persson
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - T Reisinger
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - S Scheel
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Tømterud
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - M Walter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R T Weitz
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Zalieckas
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
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30
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Takács D, Varga G, Csapó E, Jamnik A, Tomšič M, Szilágyi I. Delamination of Layered Double Hydroxide in Ionic Liquids under Ambient Conditions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11850-11856. [PMID: 36520486 PMCID: PMC9806852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase delamination of layered materials into single- or few-layer nanosheets leads to stable nanoscale dispersions of 2D materials. The delamination of layered double hydroxide (LDH) to double hydroxide nanosheets was studied in two ionic liquids (ILs): ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate (BMIMSCN). The as-prepared lamellar structure of LDH disappeared upon dispersing it in ILs due to delamination into 2D nanosheets confirmed by X-ray scattering and diffraction techniques and further evaluated by height profile assessment of the nanoparticles by atomic force microscopy. The results showed that both the thickness and lateral size of the dispersed particles decreased in the IL-based samples, indicating that cleavage of the LDH materials can be observed in addition to delamination. The findings prove the concept of delamination of layered materials by ILs under ambient conditions─an excellent way to prepare 2D double hydroxide nanosheet dispersions in one step using nonvolatile green solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Takács
- MTA-SZTE
Lendület “Momentum” Biocolloids Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary
Excellence Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials
Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Interdisciplinary
Excellence Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials
Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Csapó
- Interdisciplinary
Excellence Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials
Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE
Lendület “Momentum” Noble Metal Nanostructures
Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrej Jamnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Tomšič
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - István Szilágyi
- MTA-SZTE
Lendület “Momentum” Biocolloids Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary
Excellence Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials
Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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31
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Zeidler A, Salmon PS, Usuki T, Kohara S, Fischer HE, Wilson M. Structure of molten NaCl and the decay of the pair-correlations. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:094504. [PMID: 36075708 DOI: 10.1063/5.0107620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of molten NaCl is investigated by combining neutron and x-ray diffraction with molecular dynamics simulations that employed interaction potentials with either rigid or polarizable ions. Special attention is paid to the asymptotic decay of the pair-correlation functions, which is related to the small-k behavior of the partial structure factors, where k denotes the magnitude of the scattering vector. The rigid-ion approach gives access to an effective restricted primitive model in which the anion and cation have equal but opposite charges and are otherwise identical. For this model, the decay of the pair-correlation functions is in qualitative agreement with simple theory. The polarizable ion approach gives a good account of the diffraction results and yields thermodynamic parameters (density, isothermal compressibility, Debye screening length, and heat capacity) in accord with experiment. The longest decay length for the partial pair-distribution functions is a factor of ≃2.5 times greater than the nearest-neighbor distance. The results are commensurate with the decay lengths found for the effective restricted primitive model, which are much shorter than those found in experiments on concentrated electrolytes or ionic liquids using surface force apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Zeidler
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S Salmon
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Takeshi Usuki
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Koshirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Shinji Kohara
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Henry E Fischer
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mark Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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32
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Goodwin ZA, Kornyshev AA. Cracking Ion Pairs in the Electrical Double Layer of Ionic Liquids. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Karunaratne W, Zhao M, Castner EW, Margulis CJ. Vacuum Interfacial Structure and X-ray Reflectivity of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids with Perfluorinated Anions from a Theory and Simulations Perspective. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:13936-13945. [PMID: 36017361 PMCID: PMC9394757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report studies of the vacuum interfacial structure of a series of 1-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquids (ILs) and predict and explain their Fresnel-normalized X-ray reflectivity. To better interpret the results, we use a theory we recently developed dubbed "the peaks and antipeaks analysis of reflectivity" which splits the overall signal into that of different pair subcomponents. Whereas the overall reflectivity signal is not very informative, the peak and trough intensities for the pair subcomponents provide rich information for analysis. When species containing cationic alkyl or anionic fluoroalkyl tails are present at the interface, a tail layer is found next to a vacuum, and this tail layer can be composed of both alkyl and fluoroalkyl moieties. To maintain the positive-negative alternation of charged groups, alkyl and fluoroalkyl tails must necessarily be nearby and cannot segregate. Charged groups are found in the subsequent layer just below the interface and arranged to achieve lateral charge neutrality. In general, fluctuations at and away from the interface are based on polarity (i.e., heads and tails) and not on charge; when there are no significant alkyl or fluoroalkyl moieties in the IL, atomic density fluctuations away from the interface are small and appear to exist for the purpose of achieving lateral charge balance. For all the systems reported here, the persistence length of density fluctuations does not go beyond ∼7 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Man Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers,
The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Edward W. Castner
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers,
The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Claudio J. Margulis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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34
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An R, Laaksonen A, Wu M, Zhu Y, Shah FU, Lu X, Ji X. Atomic force microscopy probing interactions and microstructures of ionic liquids at solid surfaces. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11098-11128. [PMID: 35876154 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02812c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are room temperature molten salts that possess preeminent physicochemical properties and have shown great potential in many applications. However, the use of ILs in surface-dependent processes, e.g. energy storage, is hindered by the lack of a systematic understanding of the IL interfacial microstructure. ILs on the solid surface display rich ordering, arising from coulombic, van der Waals, solvophobic interactions, etc., all giving near-surface ILs distinct microstructures. Therefore, it is highly important to clarify the interactions of ILs with solid surfaces at the nanoscale to understand the microstructure and mechanism, providing quantitative structure-property relationships. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) opens a surface-sensitive way to probe the interaction force of ILs with solid surfaces in the layers from sub-nanometers to micrometers. Herein, this review showcases the recent progress of AFM in probing interactions and microstructures of ILs at solid interfaces, and the influence of IL characteristics, surface properties and external stimuli is thereafter discussed. Finally, a summary and perspectives are established, in which, the necessities of the quantification of IL-solid interactions at the molecular level, the development of in situ techniques closely coupled with AFM for probing IL-solid interfaces, and the combination of experiments and simulations are argued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong An
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi 700469, Romania
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Muqiu Wu
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yudan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Faiz Ullah Shah
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
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35
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Cashen RK, Donoghue MM, Schmeiser AJ, Gebbie MA. Bridging Database and Experimental Analysis to Reveal Super-hydrodynamic Conductivity Scaling Regimes in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6039-6051. [PMID: 35939324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ion transport through electrolytes critically impacts the performance of batteries and other devices. Many frameworks used to model ion transport assume hydrodynamic mechanisms and focus on maximizing conductivity by minimizing viscosity. However, solid-state electrolytes illustrate that non-hydrodynamic ion transport can define device performance. Increasingly, selective transport mechanisms, such as hopping, are proposed for concentrated electrolytes. However, viscosity-conductivity scaling relationships in ionic liquids are often analyzed with hydrodynamic models. We report data-centric analyses of hydrodynamic transport models of viscosity-conductivity scaling in ionic liquids by merging three databases to bridge physical properties and computational descriptors. With this expansive database, we constrained scaling analyses using ion sizes defined from simulated volumes, as opposed to estimating sizes from activity coefficients. Remarkably, we find that many ionic liquids exhibit positive deviations from the Nernst-Einstein model, implying ions move faster than hydrodynamics should allow. We verify these findings using microrheology and conductivity experiments. We further show that machine learning tools can improve predictions of conductivity from molecular properties, including predictions from solely computational features. Our findings reveal that many ionic liquids exhibit super-hydrodynamic viscosity-conductivity scaling, suggesting mechanisms of correlated ion motion, which could be harnessed to enhance electrochemical device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Cashen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Megan M Donoghue
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Abigail J Schmeiser
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew A Gebbie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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36
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Goodwin ZAH, McEldrew MP, de Souza JP, Bazant MZ, Kornyshev AA. Gelation, Clustering and Crowding in the Electrical Double Layer of Ionic Liquids. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:094106. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0097055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the bulk and interfacial properties of super-concentrated electrolytes, such as ionic liquids (ILs), has attracted significant attention lately for their promising applications in supercapacitors and batteries. Recently, McEldrew et al. developed a theory for reversible ion associations in bulk ILs, which accounted for the formation of all possible Cayley tree clusters and a percolating ionic network (gel). Here we adopt and develop this approach to understand the associations of ILs in the electrical double layer at electrified interfaces. With increasing charge of the electrode, the theory predicts a transition from a regime dominated by a gelled or clustered state to a crowding regime dominated by free ions. This transition from gelation to crowding is conceptually similar to the overscreening to crowding transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Patrick McEldrew
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering, United States of America
| | - J. Pedro de Souza
- MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering, United States of America
| | | | - Alexei A. Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London Faculty of Natural Sciences, United Kingdom
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37
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On the analogy between the restricted primitive model and capacitor circuits. Part II: A generalized Gibbs-Duhem consistent extension of the Pitzer-Debye-Hückel term with corrections for low and variable relative permittivity. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Liu B, Guo W, Gebbie MA. Tuning Ionic Screening To Accelerate Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beichen Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Wenxiao Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew A. Gebbie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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39
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Frusawa H. Electric-field-induced oscillations in ionic fluids: a unified formulation of modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck models and its relevance to correlation function analysis. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4280-4304. [PMID: 35615919 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01811f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate an electric-field-driven system of charged spheres as a primitive model of concentrated electrolytes under an applied electric field. First, we provide a unified formulation for the stochastic charge and density dynamics of the electric-field-driven primitive model using the stochastic density functional theory (DFT). The stochastic DFT integrates the four frameworks (the equilibrium and dynamic DFTs, the liquid state theory and the field-theoretic approach), which allows us to justify in a unified manner various modifications previously made for the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model. Next, we consider stationary density-density and charge-charge correlation functions of the primitive model with a static electric field. We predict an electric-field-induced synchronization between emergences of density and charge oscillations. We are mainly concerned with the emergence of stripe states formed by segregation bands transverse to the external field, thereby demonstrating the following: (i) the electric-field-induced crossover occurs prior to the conventional Kirkwood crossover without an applied electric field, and (ii) the ion concentration dependence of the decay lengths at the onset of oscillations bears a similarity to the underscreening behavior found by recent simulation and theoretical studies on equilibrium electrolytes. Also, the 2D inverse Fourier transform of the correlation function illustrates the existence of stripe states beyond the electric-field-induced Kirkwood crossover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Frusawa
- Laboratory of Statistical Physics, Kochi University of Technology, Tosa-Yamada, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.
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40
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Filippov A, Antzutkin ON, Arkhipov VP, Gnezdilov OI. Diffusivity of ethylammonium nitrate protic ionic liquid confined in porous glasses. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Gregory KP, Elliott GR, Robertson H, Kumar A, Wanless EJ, Webber GB, Craig VSJ, Andersson GG, Page AJ. Understanding specific ion effects and the Hofmeister series. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12682-12718. [PMID: 35543205 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Specific ion effects (SIE), encompassing the Hofmeister Series, have been known for more than 130 years since Hofmeister and Lewith's foundational work. SIEs are ubiquitous and are observed across the medical, biological, chemical and industrial sciences. Nevertheless, no general predictive theory has yet been able to explain ion specificity across these fields; it remains impossible to predict when, how, and to what magnitude, a SIE will be observed. In part, this is due to the complexity of real systems in which ions, counterions, solvents and cosolutes all play varying roles, which give rise to anomalies and reversals in anticipated SIEs. Herein we review the historical explanations for SIE in water and the key ion properties that have been attributed to them. Systems where the Hofmeister series is perturbed or reversed are explored, as is the behaviour of ions at the liquid-vapour interface. We discuss SIEs in mixed electrolytes, nonaqueous solvents, and in highly concentrated electrolyte solutions - exciting frontiers in this field with particular relevance to biological and electrochemical applications. We conclude the perspective by summarising the challenges and opportunities facing this SIE research that highlight potential pathways towards a general predictive theory of SIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimir P Gregory
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia. .,Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Gareth R Elliott
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Hayden Robertson
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Anand Kumar
- Flinders Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Grant B Webber
- School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Vincent S J Craig
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Gunther G Andersson
- Flinders Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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42
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Stephens NM, Masching HP, Walid MKI, Petrich JW, Anderson JL, Smith EA. Temperature-Dependent Constrained Diffusion of Micro-Confined Alkylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4324-4333. [PMID: 35649257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alkylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids (ILs) have many uses in a variety of separation systems, including micro-confined separation systems. To understand the separation mechanism in these systems, the diffusion properties of analytes in ILs under relevant operating conditions, including micro-confinement dimension and temperature, should be known. For example, separation efficiencies for various IL-based microextraction techniques are dependent on the sample volume and temperature. Temperature-dependent (20-100 °C) fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) was utilized to determine the diffusion properties of a zwitterionic, hydrophilic dye, ATTO 647, in alkylimidazolium chloride ILs in micro-confined geometries. These micro-confined geometries were generated by sandwiching the IL between glass substrates that were separated by ∼1 to 100 μm. From the measured temperature-dependent FRAP data, we note alkyl chain length-, thickness-, and temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients, with values ranging from 0.021 to 46 μm2/s. Deviations from Brownian diffusion are observed at lower temperatures and increasingly less so at elevated temperatures; the differences are attributed to alterations in intermolecular interactions that reduce temperature-dependent nanoscale structural heterogeneities. The temperature- and thickness-dependent data provide a useful foundation for efficient design of micro-confined IL separation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Stephens
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Hayley P Masching
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Mohammad K I Walid
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Jacob W Petrich
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Emily A Smith
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
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43
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Yuan H, Deng W, Zhu X, Liu G, Craig VSJ. Colloidal Systems in Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions Exhibit Re-entrant Long-Range Electrostatic Interactions due to Underscreening. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6164-6173. [PMID: 35512818 PMCID: PMC9119301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface force measurements have revealed that at very high electrolyte concentrations as well as in neat and diluted ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents, the range of electrostatic interactions is far greater than the Debye length. Here, we explore the consequences of this underscreening for soft-matter and colloidal systems by investigating the stability of nanoparticle dispersions, the self-assembly of ionic surfactants, and the thickness of soap films. In each case, we find clear evidence of re-entrant properties due to underscreening at high salt concentrations. Our results show that underscreening in concentrated electrolytes is a general phenomenon and is not dependent on confinement by macroscopic surfaces. The stability of systems at very high salinity due to underscreening may be beneficially applied to processes that currently use low-salinity water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yuan
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry
and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Deng
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry
and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry
and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Vincent Stuart James Craig
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry
and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Department
of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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44
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Outerelo Corvo T, Jourdain A, O’Brien S, Restagno F, Drockenmuller E, Chennevière A. Multiscale Structure of Poly(ionic liquid)s in Bulk and Solutions by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Outerelo Corvo
- Université Paris Saclay, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CNRS-CEA, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Antoine Jourdain
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Shona O’Brien
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Frédéric Restagno
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Alexis Chennevière
- Université Paris Saclay, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CNRS-CEA, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
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45
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Fang H, Li Y, Zhang S, Ding Q, Hu L, Lu K. The superior lubricating performance and unique mechanism of oil-soluble protic ionic liquids with short alkyl chains. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 623:257-266. [PMID: 35588633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Ionic liquids (ILs), as lubricant additives, can greatly improve the lubricating behavior of the frictional interfaces. However, it is urgent to explore ILs with good oil solubility in nonpolar oils, and it is necessary to further study and verify the lubrication mechanism of ILs from the perspective of alkyl chain length. EXPERIMENTS Five protic ILs (PILs) with varying alkyl chain lengths were synthesized by proton transfer method. As additives in PAO oil, their tribological properties were investigated on SRV-V tester. Through molecular dynamics simulation, the adsorption behavior of PILs at the frictional interface was illustrated. FINDINGS The tribological properties of base oil could be significantly improved by adding PIL additives, but interestingly, PILs with short-chain anions showed better lubricating performance, which contradicted most of the early findings. Further analyses revealed that PILs achieved effective lubrication by the tribochemical interaction between anions and frictional interface, and the formation of cationic protective layer. However, PILs with shorter-chain anions form a denser protective layer that can better support the interfacial anions to participate in tribochemical reactions and thus abnormally exhibit superior lubricating performance than those with longer-chain anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Songwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Qi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Litian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Kuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing 101400, PR China
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46
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Pérez D, Orozco J. Wearable electrochemical biosensors to measure biomarkers with complex blood-to-sweat partition such as proteins and hormones. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:127. [PMID: 35233646 PMCID: PMC8886869 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Smart electronic devices based on micro-controllers, also referred to as fashion electronics, have raised wearable technology. These devices may process physiological information to facilitate the wearer's immediate biofeedback in close contact with the body surface. Standard market wearable devices detect observable features as gestures or skin conductivity. In contrast, the technology based on electrochemical biosensors requires a biomarker in close contact with both a biorecognition element and an electrode surface, where electron transfer phenomena occur. The noninvasiveness is pivotal for wearable technology; thus, one of the most common target tissues for real-time monitoring is the skin. Noninvasive biosensors formats may not be available for all analytes, such as several proteins and hormones, especially when devices are installed cutaneously to measure in the sweat. Processes like cutaneous transcytosis, the paracellular cell–cell unions, or even reuptake highly regulate the solutes content of the sweat. This review discusses recent advances on wearable devices based on electrochemical biosensors for biomarkers with a complex blood-to-sweat partition like proteins and some hormones, considering the commented release regulation mechanisms to the sweat. It highlights the challenges of wearable epidermal biosensors (WEBs) design and the possible solutions. Finally, it charts the path of future developments in the WEBs arena in converging/emerging digital technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67, Nº 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67, Nº 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
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47
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de Souza JP, Pivnic K, Bazant MZ, Urbakh M, Kornyshev AA. Structural Forces in Ionic Liquids: The Role of Ionic Size Asymmetry. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1242-1253. [PMID: 35134297 PMCID: PMC9007453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are charged fluids composed of anions and cations of different size and shape. The ordering of charge and density in ILs confined between charged interfaces underlies numerous applications of IL electrolytes. Here, we analyze the screening behavior and the resulting structural forces of a representative IL confined between two charge-varied plates. Using both molecular dynamics simulations and a continuum theory, we contrast the screening features of a more-realistic asymmetric system and a less-realistic symmetric one. The ionic size asymmetry plays a nontrivial role in charge screening, affecting both the ionic density profiles and the disjoining pressure distance dependence. Ionic systems with size asymmetry are stronger coupled systems, and this manifests itself both in their response to the electrode polarization and spontaneous structure formation at the interface. Analytical expressions for decay lengths of the disjoining pressure are obtained in agreement with the pressure profiles computed from molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pedro de Souza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Karina Pivnic
- School
of Chemistry, The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials
Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael Urbakh
- School
of Chemistry, The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials
Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Alexei A. Kornyshev
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Thomas
Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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48
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Hossain MI, Blanchard GJ. The effect of dilution on induced free charge density gradients in room temperature ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3844-3853. [PMID: 35088776 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on changes in the magnitude and length scale of the induced free charge density gradient, ρf, in three imidazolium room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with dilution by methanol and acetonitrile. Using depth- and time-resolved fluorescence measurements of cresyl violet rotational diffusion, we find that ρf persists in RTILs to varying degrees depending on RTIL and diluent identity, and in all cases the functional form of ρf is not a smooth monotonic diminution in either magnitude or persistence length with increasing diluent, but a stepwise collapse. This finding is consistent with changes in the bulk RTIL as a function of dilution seen using rotational diffusion measurements that show the rotating entity in bulk RTILs exhibits a larger effective hydrodynamic volume than would be expected based on bulk viscosity data for the diluted RTILs. This excess hydrodynamic volume can be understood in the context of aggregation of RTIL ion pairs in the diluted RTIL system. The size of the aggregates is seen to depend on RTIL identity and diluent, and in all cases aggregate size increases with increasing dilution. This finding is consistent with the ρf dependence on dilution data. The collapse of ρf is seen to correlate with the onset of RTIL ion pair dimer formation, a condition that may facilitate dissociated RTIL ion mobility in the binary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Hossain
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - G J Blanchard
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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49
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Kang X, Zhao Y, Chen Z. Atom surface fragment contribution method for predicting the toxicity of ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126705. [PMID: 34315017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel method-atom surface fragment contribution (ASFC)-was proposed for assessing the properties of compounds. We developed a predictive model using the ASFC method based on the sigma surface areas (Sσ-surface) of fragments/groups for estimating the toxicity of ILs. A toxicity dataset of 140 ILs towards leukemia rat cell line (ICP-81) was gathered and employed to train and validate models. The Sσ-surface values of atoms in each group were firstly calculated from the COSMO profiles of cations and anions for ILs. Then the Sσ-surface values of 26 groups were obtained and used as input descriptors for modelling. The R2 and MSE of the built ASFC model were 0.924 and 0.071, respectively. Results indicate that the ASFC model developed by the new approach possesses great accuracy and reliability. In total, the ASFC method has extensive potential for the application of estimating diverse properties of ILs and other compounds due to its remarkable advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Kang
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080, United States.
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol 16500, Czech Republic.
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50
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Basaran M, Oz E, Ergoktas MS, Kocabas C, Ulgut B, Kocabas A, Suzer S. Localized X-Ray Photoelectron Impedance Spectroscopy (LoXPIS) for Tapping into Charge-Dynamics of Ionic-Liquid Electrolytes within Energy Storage Devices. Faraday Discuss 2022; 236:86-102. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00102g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many electrochemical devices are based on the fundamental process of ion migration and accumulation on surfaces. Complex interplay of molecular properties of ions and device dimensions control the entire process...
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