1
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Dorrat JC, Taylor CGP, Young RJ, Solea AB, Turner DR, Dennison GH, Ward MD, Tuck KL. A Study on Auto-Catalysis and Product Inhibition: A Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction Catalysed within the Cavity of an Octanuclear Coordination Cage. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400501. [PMID: 38433109 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The ability of an octanuclear cubic coordination cage to catalyse a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction on a cavity-bound guest was studied with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) as the guest/substrate. It was found that DNFB undergoes a catalysed reaction with hydroxide ions within the cavity of the cubic cage (in aqueous buffer solution, pH 8.6). The rate enhancement of kcat/kuncat was determined to be 22, with cavity binding of the guest being required for catalysis to occur. The product, 2,4-dinitrophenolate (DNP), remained bound within the cavity due to electrostatic stabilisation and exerts two apparently contradictory effects: it initially auto-catalyses the reaction when present at low concentrations, but at higher concentrations inhibits catalysis when a pair of DNP guests block the cavity. When encapsulated, the UV/Vis absorption spectrum of DNP is red-shifted when compared to the spectrum of free DNP in aqueous solution. Further investigations using other aromatic guests determined that a similar red-shift on cavity binding also occurred for 4-nitrophenolate (4NP) at pH 8.6. The red-shift was used to determine the stoichiometry of guest binding of DNP and 4NP within the cage cavity, which was confirmed by structural analysis with X-ray crystallography; and was also used to perform catalytic kinetic studies in the solution-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C Dorrat
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Rosemary J Young
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Atena B Solea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David R Turner
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Genevieve H Dennison
- CBRN Defence, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
- Electro Optics Sensing and Electromagnetic Warfare, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, 5111, Australia
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
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2
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Li D, Yang L, Fang W, Fu X, Li H, Li J, Li X, He C. An artificial light-harvesting system constructed from a water-soluble metal-organic barrel for photocatalytic aerobic reactions in aqueous media. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9943-9950. [PMID: 37736644 PMCID: PMC10510649 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02943c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An artificial light-harvesting system constructed from a water-soluble host-guest complex can be regarded as a high-level conceptual model of its biological counterpart and can convert solar energy into chemical energy in an aqueous environment. Herein, a water-soluble metal-organic barrel Ga-tpe with twelve sulfonic acid units was obtained by subcomponent self-assembly between Ga3+ ions and tetra-topic ligands with tetraphenylethylene (TPE) cores. By taking advantage of host-guest interactions, cationic dye rhodamine B (RB) was constrained in the pocket of Ga-tpe to promote the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process for efficient photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of sulfides and cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 P. R. China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang 453003 P. R. China
| | - Wangjian Fang
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xinmei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 P. R. China
| | - Hechuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 P. R. China
| | - Jianxu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 P. R. China
| | - Xuezhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 P. R. China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 P. R. China
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3
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Dorrat JC, Young RJ, Taylor CGP, Tipping MB, Blok AJ, Turner DR, McKay AI, Ovenden S, Ward MD, Dennison GH, Tuck KL. The preservation of sarin and O, O'-diisopropyl fluorophosphate inside coordination cage hosts. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11802-11814. [PMID: 37272072 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01378b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The host-guest chemistry of O,O'-diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), a phosphonofluoridate G-series chemical warfare agent simulant, was investigated in the presence of a number of octanuclear cubic coordination cage hosts. The aim was to demonstrate cage-catalysed hydrolysis of DFP at near neutral pH: however, two octanuclear coordination cages, HPEG (containing water-solubilising PEG groups) and HW (containing water-solubilising hydroxymethyl groups), were actually found to increase the lifetime of DFP in aqueous buffer solution (pH 8.7). Crystallographic analysis of DFP with a structurally related host cage revealed that DFP binds to windows in the cage surface, not in the internal cavity. The phosphorus-fluorine bond is directed into the cavity rather than towards the external environment, with the cage/DFP association protecting DFP from hydrolysis. Initial studies with the chemical warfare agent (CWA) sarin (GB) with HPEG cage in a buffered solution also showed a drastically reduced rate of hydrolysis for sarin when bound in the host cage. The ability of these cages to inhibit hydrolysis of these P-F bond containing organophosphorus guests, by encapsulation, may have applications in forensic sample preservation and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C Dorrat
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Rosemary J Young
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | | | - Max B Tipping
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Andrew J Blok
- CBRN Defence Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
| | - David R Turner
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Alasdair I McKay
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Simon Ovenden
- CBRN Defence Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Genevieve H Dennison
- CBRN Defence Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
- Weapon Seekers and Tactical Sensors Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, 5111, Australia.
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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4
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Solea AB, Ward MD. A chemiluminescent lantern: a coordination cage catalysed oxidation of luminol followed by chemiluminescence resonance energy-transfer. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4456-4461. [PMID: 36917490 PMCID: PMC10071490 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A molecule of luminol bound as guest inside a Co8 coordination cage host undergoes oxidation by H2O2 to generate chemiluminescence by a process in which the Co(II) ions in the cage superstructure activate the H2O2: accordingly the cage not only co-locates the reactants but also acts as a redox partner in the catalysis. The luminescence from oxidation of the cavity-bound luminol can transfer its excitation energy to surface-bound fluorescein molecules in an unusual example of Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (CRET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena B Solea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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5
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Li D, Liu X, Yang L, Li H, Guo G, Li X, He C. Highly efficient Förster resonance energy transfer between an emissive tetraphenylethylene-based metal-organic cage and the encapsulated dye guest. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2237-2244. [PMID: 36845925 PMCID: PMC9945327 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The host-guest strategy presents an ideal way to achieve efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) by forcing close proximity between an energy donor and acceptor. Herein, by encapsulating the negatively charged acceptor dyes eosin Y (EY) or sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) in the cationic tetraphenylethene-based emissive cage-like host donor Zn-1, host-guest complexes were formed that exhibit highly efficient FRET. The energy transfer efficiency of Zn-1⊃EY reached 82.4%. To better verify the occurrence of the FRET process and make full use of the harvested energy, Zn-1⊃EY was successfully used as a photochemical catalyst for the dehalogenation of α-bromoacetophenone. Furthermore, the emission color of the host-guest system Zn-1⊃SR101 could be adjusted to exhibit bright white-light emission with the CIE coordinates (0.32, 0.33). This work details a promising approach to enhance the efficiency of the FRET process by the creation of a host-guest system between the cage-like host and dye acceptor, thus serving as a versatile platform for mimicking natural light-harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 P. R. China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003P. R. China
| | - Hechuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 P. R. China
| | - Guoxu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 P. R. China
| | - Xuezhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 P. R. China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 P. R. China
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6
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Ganta S, Borter JH, Drechsler C, Holstein JJ, Schwarzer D, Clever GH. Photoinduced host-to-guest electron transfer in a self-assembled coordination cage. Org Chem Front 2022; 9:5485-5493. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01339h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Light–powered host–guest charge transfer (HGCT) is shown for a coordination cage based on electron-rich phenothiazines, containing an anthraquinone acceptor as guest. Transient absorption spectroscopy and spectroelectrochemistry data is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Ganta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Borter
- Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Drechsler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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7
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Abstract
New synthetic routes are presented to derivatives of a (known) M8L12 cubic coordination cage in which a range of different substituents are attached at the C4 position of the pyridyl rings at either end of the bis(pyrazolyl-pyridine) bridging ligands. The substituents are (i) –CN groups (new ligand LCN), (ii) –CH2OCH2–CCH (containing a terminal alkyne) groups (new ligand LCC); and (iii) –(CH2OCH2)3CH2OMe (tri-ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether) groups (new ligand LPEG). The resulting functionalised ligands combine with M2+ ions (particularly Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+) to give isostructural [M8L12]16+ cage cores bearing 24 external functional groups; the cages based on LCN (with M2+ = Cd2+) and LCC (with M2+ = Ni2+) have been crystallographically characterised. The value of these is twofold: (i) exterior nitrile or alkene substituents can provide a basis for further synthetic opportunities via ‘Click’ reactions allowing in principle a diverse range of functionalisation of the cage exterior surface; (ii) the exterior –(CH2OCH2)3CH2OMe groups substantially increase cage solubility in both water and in organic solvents, allowing binding constants of cavity-binding guests to be measured under an increased range of conditions.
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8
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Schmidt M, Esser B. Cavity-promotion by pillar[5]arenes expedites organic photoredox-catalysed reductive dehalogenations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9582-9585. [PMID: 34546245 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03221f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of the photo-induced electron transfer in photoredox catalysis is limited by the diffusional collision of the excited catalyst and the substrate. We herein present cavity-bound photoredox catalysts, which preassociate the substrates, leading to significantly shortened reaction times. A pillar[5]arene serves as the cavity and phenothiazine as a catalyst in the reductive dehalogenation of aliphatic bromides as a proof of concept reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schmidt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. .,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Antipin IS, Alfimov MV, Arslanov VV, Burilov VA, Vatsadze SZ, Voloshin YZ, Volcho KP, Gorbatchuk VV, Gorbunova YG, Gromov SP, Dudkin SV, Zaitsev SY, Zakharova LY, Ziganshin MA, Zolotukhina AV, Kalinina MA, Karakhanov EA, Kashapov RR, Koifman OI, Konovalov AI, Korenev VS, Maksimov AL, Mamardashvili NZ, Mamardashvili GM, Martynov AG, Mustafina AR, Nugmanov RI, Ovsyannikov AS, Padnya PL, Potapov AS, Selektor SL, Sokolov MN, Solovieva SE, Stoikov II, Stuzhin PA, Suslov EV, Ushakov EN, Fedin VP, Fedorenko SV, Fedorova OA, Fedorov YV, Chvalun SN, Tsivadze AY, Shtykov SN, Shurpik DN, Shcherbina MA, Yakimova LS. Functional supramolecular systems: design and applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Leith GA, Martin CR, Mayers JM, Kittikhunnatham P, Larsen RW, Shustova NB. Confinement-guided photophysics in MOFs, COFs, and cages. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4382-4410. [PMID: 33594994 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the dependence of the photophysical response of chromophores in the confined environments associated with crystalline scaffolds, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), and molecular cages, has been carefully evaluated. Tunability of the framework aperture, cavity microenvironment, and scaffold topology significantly affects emission profiles, quantum yields, or fluorescence lifetimes of confined chromophores. In addition to the role of the host and its effect on the guest, the methods for integration of a chromophore (e.g., as a framework backbone, capping linker, ligand side group, or guest) are discussed. The overall potential of chromophore-integrated frameworks for a wide-range of applications, including artificial biomimetic systems, white-light emitting diodes, photoresponsive devices, and fluorescent sensors with unparalleled spatial resolution are highlighted throughout the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, USA.
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11
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Ludden MD, Ward MD. Outside the box: quantifying interactions of anions with the exterior surface of a cationic coordination cage. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2782-2791. [PMID: 33566043 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04211k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a study of the binding of anions to the surface of an octanuclear coordination cage HW, which carries a 16+ charge, in aqueous solution. Anionic aromatic fluorophores such as fluorescein (and derivatives) and hydroxypyrene tris-sulfonate (HPTS) bind strongly to an extent depending on their charge and hydrophobicity. Job plots indicated binding of up to six such fluorescent anions to HW, implying that one anion can bind to each face of the cubic cage, as previously demonstrated crystallographically with small anions such as halides. The quenching of these fluorophores on association with the cage provides the basis of a fluorescence displacement assay to investigate binding of other anions: addition of analyte (organic or inorganic) anions in titration experiments to an HW/fluorescein combination results in displacement and restoration of the fluorescence from the bound fluorescein, allowing calculation of 1 : 1 binding constants for the HW/anion combinations. Relative binding affinities of simple anions for the cage surface can be approximately rationalised on the basis of ease of desolvation (e.g. F- < Cl- < Br-), electrostatic factors given the 16+ charge on the cage (monoanions < dianions), and extent of hydrophobic surface. The interaction of a di-anionic pH indicator (bromocresol purple) with HW results in a pKa shift, with the surface-bound di-anionic form stabilised by approximately 1 pKa unit compared to the non-bound neutral form due to the charge on the cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Ludden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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12
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Jiao Y, Zuo Y, Yang H, Gao X, Duan C. Photoresponse within dye-incorporated metal-organic architectures. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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13
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Argent SP, Jackson FC, Chan HM, Meyrick S, Taylor CGP, Ronson TK, Rourke JP, Ward MD. A family of diastereomeric dodecanuclear coordination cages based on inversion of chirality of individual triangular cyclic helicate faces. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10167-10174. [PMID: 34094280 PMCID: PMC8162429 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04347h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The dodecanuclear coordination cage [Cd12(Lnaph)12(Lmes)4](BF4)24 consists of a set of four triangular, trinuclear helical panels {Cd3(μ-Lnaph)3}6+ (based on ditopic bridging ligands Lnaph), which are connected by four tritopic ligands Lmes. The result is that the four triangular helical panels and the four Lmes-capped triangular faces of the cuboctahedral core form two alternating subsets of the eight triangular faces of the cuboctahedron. Crystallographic investigations revealed that the triangular helicate faces can have 'clockwise' (C) or 'anticlockwise' (A) helicity, and that the helicity of each face can vary independently of the others as they are mechanically separated. This generates a set of three diastereoisomers in which all four cyclic helicate faces in the cuboctahedron have the same chirality (AAAA/CCCC enantiomers with T symmetry; AAAC/CCCA enantiomers with C 3 symmetry; and achiral AACC with S 4 symmetry). This mirrors the known behaviour of many simpler M4L6 tetrahedral cages which can likewise exist as T, C 3 or S 4 isomers according to the sense of tris-chelate chirality around each individual metal centre: but here it is translated onto a much larger scale by the four chiral units being entire trinuclear helicate faces rather than single metal centres. 1H NMR spectroscopy confirms the presence of the three diastereoisomers with their different molecular symmetries in a ratio slightly different from what is expected on purely statistical grounds; and 1H NMR measurements on a non-equilibrium sample (enriched by manual crystal-picking before preparing the solution) showed that the distribution does not change over several weeks in solution, indicating the kinetic inertness of the cage assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Argent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Fiona C Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Ho Man Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Sam Meyrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Tanya K Ronson
- University Chemistry Laboratory, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Jonathan P Rourke
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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14
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Interactions of Small-Molecule Guests with Interior and Exterior Surfaces of a Coordination Cage Host. CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination cages are well-known to act as molecular containers that can bind small-molecule guests in their cavity. Such cavity binding is associated with interactions of the guests with the surrounding set of surfaces that define the cavity; a guest that is a good fit for the cavity will have many favourable interactions with the interior surfaces of the host. As cages have exterior as well as interior surfaces, possibilities also exist for ‘guests’ that are not well-bound in the cavity to interact with the exterior surface of the cage where spatial constraints are fewer. In this paper, we report a combined solid-state and solution study using an octanuclear cubic M8L12 coordination cage which illustrates the occurrence of both types of interaction. Firstly, crystallographic studies show that a range of guests bind inside the cavity (either singly or in stacked pairs) and/or interact with the cage exterior surface, depending on their size. Secondly, fluorescence titrations in aqueous solution show how some flexible aromatic disulfides show two separate types of interaction with the cage, having different spectroscopic consequences; we ascribe this to separate interactions with the exterior surface and the interior surface of the host cage with the former having a higher binding constant. Overall, it is clear that the idea of host/guest interactions in molecular containers needs to take more account of external surface interactions as well as the obvious cavity-based binding.
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15
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Rahman FU, Tzeli D, Petsalakis ID, Theodorakopoulos G, Ballester P, Rebek J, Yu Y. Chalcogen Bonding and Hydrophobic Effects Force Molecules into Small Spaces. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5876-5883. [PMID: 32125842 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular capsules are desirable containers for the study of molecular behavior in small spaces and offer applications in transport, catalysis, and material science. We report here the use of chalcogen bonding to form container assemblies that are stable in water. Cavitands 1-3 functionalized with 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole walls were synthesized in good yield from resorcin[4]arenes. The solid-state single-crystal X-ray structure of 3 showed a dimeric assembly cemented together through multiple Se···N chalcogen bonds. Binding of hydrophobic and amphiphilic guests in D2O was investigated by 1H NMR methods and revealed host-guest assemblies of 1:1, 2:1, and 2:2 stoichiometries. Small guests such as n-hexane or cyclohexane assembled as 2:2 capsular complexes, larger guests like cyclohexane carboxylic acid or cyclodecane formed 1:1 cavitand complexes, and longer linear guests like n-dodecane, cyclohexane carboxylic acid anhydride, and amides created 2:1 capsular complexes. The 2:1 complex of the capsule with cyclohexane carboxylic acid anhydride was stable over 2 weeks, showing that the seam of chalcogen bonds is "waterproof". Selective uptake of cyclohexane over benzene and methyl cyclohexane over toluene was observed in aqueous solution with the capsule. Hydrophobic forces and hydrogen-bonding attractions between guest molecules such as 3-methylbutanoic acid stabilized the assemblies in the presence of the competing effects of water. The high polarizability and modest electronegativity of Se provide a capsule lining complementary to guest C-H bonds. The 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole walls impart an unusually high magnetic anisotropy to the capsule environment, which is supported by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Demeter Tzeli
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece.,Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 157 71, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Petsalakis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Giannoula Theodorakopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julius Rebek
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China.,Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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16
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Taylor CGP, Argent SP, Ludden MD, Piper JR, Mozaceanu C, Barnett SA, Ward MD. One Guest or Two? A Crystallographic and Solution Study of Guest Binding in a Cubic Coordination Cage. Chemistry 2020; 26:3054-3064. [PMID: 31816132 PMCID: PMC7079040 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A crystallographic investigation of a series of host-guest complexes in which small-molecule organic guests occupy the central cavity of an approximately cubic M8 L12 coordination cage has revealed some unexpected behaviour. Whilst some guests form 1:1 H⋅G complexes as we have seen before, an extensive family of bicyclic guests-including some substituted coumarins and various saturated analogues-form 1:2 H⋅G2 complexes in the solid state, despite the fact that solution titrations are consistent with 1:1 complex formation, and the combined volume of the pair of guests significantly exceeds the Rebek 55±9 % packing for optimal guest binding, with packing coefficients of up to 87 %. Re-examination of solution titration data for guest binding in two cases showed that, although conventional fluorescence titrations are consistent with 1:1 binding model, alternative forms of analysis-Job plot and an NMR titration-at higher concentrations do provide evidence for 1:2 H⋅G2 complex formation. The observation of guests binding in pairs in some cases opens new possibilities for altered reactivity of bound guests, and also highlights the recently articulated difficulties associated with determining stoichiometry of supramolecular complexes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jerico R. Piper
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | | | - Sarah A. Barnett
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond HouseHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcot, OxfordshireOX11 0DEUK
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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17
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Prajapati MJ, Surati KR. Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) Properties of Heteroleptic Ir
III
Complexes With Non‐chromophoric Ligand Effect: Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Investigations. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meha J. Prajapati
- Department of ChemistrySardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar - 388120, Anand Gujarat India
| | - Kiran R. Surati
- Department of ChemistrySardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar - 388120, Anand Gujarat India
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18
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Cullen W, Takezawa H, Fujita M. Demethylenation of Cyclopropanes via Photoinduced Guest‐to‐Host Electron Transfer in an M
6
L
4
Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9171-9173. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William Cullen
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroki Takezawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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19
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Cullen W, Takezawa H, Fujita M. Demethylenation of Cyclopropanes via Photoinduced Guest‐to‐Host Electron Transfer in an M
6
L
4
Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Cullen
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroki Takezawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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20
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Train JS, Wragg AB, Auty AJ, Metherell AJ, Chekulaev D, Taylor CGP, Argent SP, Weinstein JA, Ward MD. Photophysics of Cage/Guest Assemblies: Photoinduced Electron Transfer between a Coordination Cage Containing Osmium(II) Luminophores, and Electron-Deficient Bound Guests in the Central Cavity. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:2386-2396. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Train
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Ashley B. Wragg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Alexander J. Auty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | - Stephen P. Argent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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21
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Zhao L, Jing X, Li X, Guo X, Zeng L, He C, Duan C. Catalytic properties of chemical transformation within the confined pockets of Werner-type capsules. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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22
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McConnell AJ, Haynes CJE, Grommet AB, Aitchison CM, Guilleme J, Mikutis S, Nitschke JR. Orthogonal Stimuli Trigger Self-Assembly and Phase Transfer of Fe II4L 4 Cages and Cargoes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16952-16956. [PMID: 30465601 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two differently protected aldehydes, A and B, were demonstrated to deprotect selectively through the application of light and heat, respectively. In the presence of iron(II) and a triamine, two distinct FeII4L4 cages, 1 and 2, were thus observed to form from the deprotected A and B, respectively. The alkyl tails of B and 2 render them preferentially soluble in cyclopentane, whereas A and 1 remain in acetonitrile. The stimulus applied (either light or heat) thus determines the outcome of self-assembly and dictates whether the cage and its ferrocene cargo remain in acetonitrile, or transport into cyclopentane. Cage self-assembly and cargo transport between phases can in this fashion be programmed using orthogonal stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J McConnell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom.,Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University , Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 , Kiel D-24098 , Germany
| | - Cally J E Haynes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Angela B Grommet
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Aitchison
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Julia Guilleme
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Sigitas Mikutis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
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23
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Galán LA, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Jacquemin D, Ogden MI, Massi M, Zysman-Colman E. Analyzing the Relation between Structure and Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) Properties of Iridium(III) Complexes through Modification of Non-Chromophoric Ancillary Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Abad Galán
- School of Life and Molecular Science and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces; Curtin University; Kent Street 6102 Bentley WA Australia
- Organic Semiconductor Centre; EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of St. Andrews; Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST St. United Kingdom
| | - David B. Cordes
- Organic Semiconductor Centre; EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of St. Andrews; Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST St. United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre; EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of St. Andrews; Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST St. United Kingdom
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM; UMR CNRS 6230; University of Nantes; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
| | - Mark I. Ogden
- School of Life and Molecular Science and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces; Curtin University; Kent Street 6102 Bentley WA Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Life and Molecular Science and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces; Curtin University; Kent Street 6102 Bentley WA Australia
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre; EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of St. Andrews; Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST St. United Kingdom
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24
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Ward MD, Hunter CA, Williams NH. Coordination Cages Based on Bis(pyrazolylpyridine) Ligands: Structures, Dynamic Behavior, Guest Binding, and Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2073-2082. [PMID: 30085644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a family of coordination cages with interesting structural, guest-binding, and catalytic properties. Flexible bridging ligands containing two bidentate pyrazolylpyridine termini assemble with transition-metal dications to afford coordination cages containing a metal ion at each vertex, a bridging ligand spanning each edge, and a 2:3 metal:ligand ratio. This stoichiometry is expressed in structures ranging from M4L6 tetrahedra to M16L24 tetracapped truncated tetrahedra, which are stabilized by the formation of π-stacked arrays between electron-rich and electron-poor ligand segments that form around the cage periphery. In some cases concentration- and/or temperature-dependent equilibria between multiple cage structures occur, arising from a balance between entropy, which favors the formation of a larger number of smaller assemblies, and enthalpy, which maximizes both interligand aromatic stacking and solvophobic effects in the larger assembles. The cages are hollow and can accommodate guests-often anions or solvent molecules-in the central cavity. For one cage family, M8L12 species with an approximately cubic structure and a ca. 400 Å3 cavity, the guest binding properties have been studied extensively. This cage can accommodate a wide range of neutral organic guests, with binding in water being driven principally by the hydrophobic effect, which leads to binding constants of up to 108 M-1. The accumulation of a large amount of empirical data on guest binding in the M8L12 cage in water provided the basis for a predictive tool for in silico screening of potential guests using the molecular docking program GOLD; this methodology has allowed the identification of numerous new guests with accurately predicted binding constants and provides a transformative new approach to exploring the host/guest chemistry of cages. Binding of benzisoxazole inside the M8L12 cage results in substantial rate enhancements-by a factor of up to 2 × 105-of the Kemp elimination, in which benzisoxazole reacts to give 2-cyanophenolate. Catalysis arises because the 16+ cage cation accumulates anions around the surface by ion pairing, leading to a high effective concentration of hydroxide ions surrounding the guest even when the bulk pH is modest. Thus, the catalysis relies on the operation of two orthogonal interactions that bring the reaction partners together: hydrophobic guest binding in the cavity, which is lined with CH groups from the ligands, and ion pairing around the highly cationic cage surface. A consequence of this is that under some conditions the product of the cage-catalyzed Kemp elimination (the 2-cyanophenolate anion) itself accumulates around the cage surface and deprotonates another benzisoxazole guest, perpetuating the reaction in an autocatalytic manner. Thus, different anions accumulating around the cage can act as partners for reaction with a cavity-bound guest, opening up the possibility that the M8L12 cage can act as a general catalyst for reactions of electrophilic guests with surface-bound anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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25
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Zhu BC, Fang WH, Wang J, Du Y, Zhou T, Wu K, Zhang L, Zhang J. Host-Guest and Photophysical Behavior of Ti8
L12
Cube with Encapsulated [Ti(H2
O)6
] Species. Chemistry 2018; 24:14358-14362. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Chang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian Liaoning 116023 P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Du
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences; A*STAR; 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island 627833 Singapore
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian Liaoning 116023 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
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26
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Luis ET, Iranmanesh H, Arachchige KSA, Donald WA, Quach G, Moore EG, Beves JE. Luminescent Tetrahedral Molecular Cages Containing Ruthenium(II) Chromophores. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8476-8486. [PMID: 29969245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have designed linear metalloligands which contain a central photoactive [Ru(N∧N)3]2+ unit bordered by peripheral metal binding sites. The combination of these metalloligands with Zn(II) and Fe(II) ions leads to heterometallic tetrahedral cages, which were studied by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and photophysical methods. Like the parent metalloligands, the cages remain emissive in solution. This approach allows direct incorporation of the favorable properties of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes into larger self-assembled structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena T Luis
- School of Chemistry , UNSW Sydney , Sydney , 2052 Australia
| | | | | | | | - Gina Quach
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , 4072 Australia
| | - Evan G Moore
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , 4072 Australia
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27
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Preston D, Sutton JJ, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. A Nona‐nuclear Heterometallic Pd
3
Pt
6
“Donut”‐Shaped Cage: Molecular Recognition and Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Joshua J. Sutton
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology New Zealand
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28
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Preston D, Sutton JJ, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. A Nona-nuclear Heterometallic Pd 3 Pt 6 "Donut"-Shaped Cage: Molecular Recognition and Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8659-8663. [PMID: 29774643 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple, low-symmetry 2-(1-(pyridine-4-methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine ligand that has both monodentate and bidentate binding sites. With platinum(II) and/or palladium(II) ions, two examples of a new nona-nuclear metallo-assembly have been accessed. These complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and in key cases, X-ray crystallography. The cages possess three clefts comprised of planar cationic panels. This structural feature enables the binding of planar aromatic guests such as anthracene. More interestingly, the heterometallic assembly was able to catalyze the light-induced [4+2] cycloaddition of anthracene with singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joshua J Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
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29
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Zhang RL, Yang Y, Yang SQ, Han KL. Unveiling excited state energy transfer and charge transfer in a host/guest coordination cage. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2205-2210. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06577a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast excited-state dynamic processes, charge and energy transfer in a HGCT system are unveiled by using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Qiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- People's Republic of China
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30
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Kumar A, Pradeep CP. Aromatic sulfonium polyoxomolybdates: tuning the photochromic properties through substitutions on the counter ion moiety. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00345a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of aromatic sulfonium Keggin hybrids have been developed which exhibited excellent photochromic properties under UV irradiation. The photo-coloration speed of these hybrids could be fine-tuned by changing the substituents on the sulfonium counter ion moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Mandi-175005
- India
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31
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Rota Martir D, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Escudero D, Jacquemin D, Warriner SL, Zysman-Colman E. A luminescent [Pd4Ru8]24+ supramolecular cage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6016-6019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A phosphorescent cage of the form [Pd4Ru8]24+ is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rota Martir
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- UK
| | - David B. Cordes
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- UK
| | | | - Daniel Escudero
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | | | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- UK
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32
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Wang H, Xu X, Jiang Y, Yao P, Li B, Zou H, Zhou J, Chen Z. Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of two mixed-valence icosanuclear nanocages. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15141-15147. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03444c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here a new type of mixed-valence icosanuclear nanocages featuring cubic cage cores with sulphate anions over the cage windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Yimin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Yao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Baise University
- Baise
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang 473061
- P. R. China
| | - Huahong Zou
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Jinglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Zilu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
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33
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Zubaidi ZN, Metherell AJ, Baggaley E, Ward MD. Ir(III) and Ir(III)/Re(I) complexes of a new bis(pyrazolyl-pyridine) bridging ligand containing a naphthalene-2,7-diyl spacer: Structural and photophysical properties. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Pritchard VE, Rota Martir D, Oldknow S, Kai S, Hiraoka S, Cookson NJ, Zysman‐Colman E, Hardie MJ. Homochiral Self-Sorted and Emissive Ir III Metallo-Cryptophanes. Chemistry 2017; 23:6290-6294. [PMID: 28370620 PMCID: PMC5499720 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The racemic ligands (±)-tris(isonicotinoyl)-cyclotriguaiacylene (L1), or (±)-tris(4-pyridyl-methyl)-cyclotriguaiacylene (L2) assemble with racemic (Λ,Δ)-[Ir(ppy)2 (MeCN)2 ]+ , in which ppy=2-phenylpyridinato, to form [{Ir(ppy)2 }3 (L)2 ]3+ metallo-cryptophane cages. The crystal structure of [{Ir(ppy)2 }3 (L1)2 ]⋅3BF4 has MM-ΛΛΛ and PP-ΔΔΔ isomers, and homochiral self-sorting occurs in solution, a process accelerated by a chiral guest. Self-recognition between L1 and L2 within cages does not occur, and cages show very slow ligand exchange. Both cages are phosphorescent, with [{Ir(ppy)2 }3 (L2)2 ]3+ having enhanced and blue-shifted emission when compared with [{Ir(ppy)2 }3 (L1)2 ]3+ .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Rota Martir
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaSTCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews, FifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Samuel Oldknow
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Shumpei Kai
- Department of Basic ScienceGraduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of Tokyo3–8-1 Komaba, Meguro-kuTokyo153-8902Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic ScienceGraduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of Tokyo3–8-1 Komaba, Meguro-kuTokyo153-8902Japan
| | - Nikki J. Cookson
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaSTCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews, FifeKY16 9STUK
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Naskar S, Dalal C, Ghosh P. Ion-pair coordination driven stimuli-responsive one-dimensional supramolecular helicate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2487-2490. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new self-assembled ion-pair coordination driven one-dimensional (1D) smart supramolecular helical assembly is reported. Moreover, thermo- and chemo-responsive transformation/disassembly/reassembly of the helical superstructure was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourenjit Naskar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Chumki Dalal
- Centre for the Advanced Material
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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