1
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Brown S, Warren MR, Kubicki DJ, Fitzpatrick A, Pike SD. Photoinitiated Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Redox Transformations of Titanium-Oxo Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17325-17333. [PMID: 38865257 PMCID: PMC11212046 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Titanium-oxo clusters can undergo photochemical reactions under UV light, resulting in the reduction of the titanium-oxo core and oxidation of surface ligands. This is an important step in photocatalytic processes in light-absorbing Ti/O-based clusters, metal-organic frameworks, and (nano)material surfaces; however, studying the direct outcome of this photochemical process is challenging due to the fragility of the immediate photoproducts. In this report, titanium-oxo clusters [TiO(OiPr)(L)]n (n = 4, L = O2PPh2, or n = 6, L = O2CCH2tBu) undergo a two-electron photoredox reaction in the single-crystal state via an irreversible single-crystal to single-crystal (SC-SC) transformation initiated by a UV laser. The process is monitored by single crystal X-ray diffraction revealing the photoreduction of the cluster with coproduction of an (oxidized) acetone ligand, which is retained in the structure as a ligand to Ti(3+). The results demonstrate that photochemistry of inorganic molecules can be studied in the single crystal phase, allowing characterization of photoproducts which are unstable in the solution phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen
E. Brown
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Mark R. Warren
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | | | - Ann Fitzpatrick
- RAL
Space, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Sebastian D. Pike
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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2
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DiNardi RG, Douglas AO, Tian R, Price JR, Tajik M, Donald WA, Beves JE. Visible-Light-Responsive Self-Assembled Complexes: Improved Photoswitching Properties by Metal Ion Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205701. [PMID: 35972841 PMCID: PMC9541570 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A photoswitchable ligand based on azobenzene is self-assembled with palladium(II) ions to form a [Pd2 (E-L)4 ]4+ cage. Irradiation with 470 nm light results in the near-quantitative switching to a monomeric species [Pd(Z-L)2 ]2+ , which can be reversed by irradiation with 405 nm light, or heat. The photoswitching selectivity towards the metastable isomer is significantly improved upon self-assembly, and the thermal half-life is extended from 40 days to 850 days, a promising approach for tuning photoswitching properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruoming Tian
- Crystallography laboratoryMark Wainwright Analytical CentreUNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Jason R. Price
- School of ChemistryUNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia
- ANSTOThe Australian Synchrotron800 Blackburn RdClaytonVic 3168Australia
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3
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DiNardi RG, Douglas AO, Tian R, Price JR, Tajik M, Donald WA, Beves JE. Visible‐Light‐Responsive Self‐Assembled Complexes: Improved Photoswitching Properties by Metal Ion Coordination**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ray G. DiNardi
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | | | - Ruoming Tian
- Crystallography laboratory Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jason R. Price
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- ANSTO The Australian Synchrotron 800 Blackburn Rd Clayton Vic 3168 Australia
| | - Mohammad Tajik
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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4
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Zhang WW, Jin YP, Yu JH, Zhu BL, Jiang J, Zuo MH, Chen YF, Li JJ, Cui SX. A novel multicolor viologen-derived Zn-organic coordination polymer for environment friendly ink free erasable printing. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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5
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Hazarika PJ, Gupta P, Gunnam A, Allu S, Nangia AK, Nath NK. Photomechanical response of sulfonylhydrazone molecular crystals. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00478f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photomechanical responses of the single crystals of a series of sulfonylhydrazones are explored for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyan J. Hazarika
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Meghalaya 793003
- India
| | - Poonam Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Meghalaya 793003
- India
| | | | | | | | - Naba K. Nath
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Meghalaya 793003
- India
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6
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Cheng SC, Wang CH, Lin YC, Tsuchido Y, Suzaki Y, Sei Y, Kuo TS, Horie M. Photoinduced Mechanical Motions of Pseudorotaxane Crystals Composed of Azobenzene and Ferrocenyl Groups on an Axle and a Crown Ether Ring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50002-50010. [PMID: 33089689 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the design and characterization of photoresponsive dynamic pseudorotaxane crystals composed of azobenzene and ferrocenyl groups in an ammonium cation axle component threaded through dibenzo[24]crown-8 ether rings. Pseudorotaxanes provide flexibility for cis and trans isomerization of azobenzene groups in a crystal state, enabling reversible bending motions under alternating 360 and 445 nm laser irradiation. For such bending motions, strained azobenzene structures were essential; these motifs were obtained by increasing the bulkiness of the substituents on the axle and ring molecules. In addition, the crystals showed photosalient effects, such as jumping motions, under 445 nm laser irradiation. These motions were assisted by the photoabsorption of the ferrocenyl group, which converted 445 nm laser light into heat. The maximum lifting weight accompanied by the photoinduced mechanical motion of a particular crystal was estimated to be 9600 times the crystal weight. These pseudorotaxane crystals exhibit promising features for applications in micro-nanometer-sized miniature mechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chi Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzaki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sei
- Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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7
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Haldar R, Heinke L, Wöll C. Advanced Photoresponsive Materials Using the Metal-Organic Framework Approach. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905227. [PMID: 31763731 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
When fabricating macroscopic devices exploiting the properties of organic chromophores, the corresponding molecules need to be condensed into a solid material. Since optical absorption properties are often strongly affected by interchromophore interactions, solids with a well-defined structure carry substantial advantages over amorphous materials. Here, the metal-organic framework (MOF)-based approach is presented. By appropriate functionalization, most organic chromophores can be converted to function as linkers, which can coordinate to metal or metal-oxo centers so as to yield stable, crystalline frameworks. Photoexcitations in such chromophore-based MOFs are surveyed, with a special emphasis on light-switchable MOFs from photochromic molecules. The conventional powder form of MOFs obtained using solvothermal approaches carries certain disadvantages for optical applications, such as limited efficiency resulting from absorption and light scattering caused by the (micrometer-sized) powder particles. How these problems can be avoided by using MOF thin films is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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8
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Fan WW, Cheng Y, Zheng LY, Cao QE. Reversible Phase Transition of Porous Coordination Polymers. Chemistry 2020; 26:2766-2779. [PMID: 31697441 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Porous coordination polymers or metal-organic frameworks with reversible phase-transition behavior possess some attractive properties, and can respond to external stimuli, including physical and chemical stimuli, in a dynamic fashion. Their phase transitions can be triggered by adsorption/desorption of guest molecules, temperature changes, high pressure, light irradiation, and electric fields; these mainly include two types of transitions: crystal-amorphous and crystal-crystal transitions. These types of porous coordination polymers have received much attention because of their interesting properties and potential applications. Herein, reversible phase transition porous coordination polymers are summarized and classified based on different stimuli sources. Corresponding typical examples are then introduced. Finally, examples of their applications in gas separation, chemical sensors, guest molecule encapsulation, and energy storage are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-E Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
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9
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Bigdeli F, Lollar CT, Morsali A, Zhou H. Schalten in Metall‐organischen Gerüsten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahime Bigdeli
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box 14155-4838 Teheran Iran
| | | | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box 14155-4838 Teheran Iran
| | - Hong‐Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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10
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Bigdeli F, Lollar CT, Morsali A, Zhou H. Switching in Metal–Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:4652-4669. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahime Bigdeli
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box 14155-4838 Tehran Iran
| | | | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box 14155-4838 Tehran Iran
| | - Hong‐Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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11
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Vialetto J, Groppi J, La Rosa M, Silvi S, Credi A, Baroncini M. Solution and solid state photochromism in a family of shape persistent azobenzene tetramers functionalized with alkyloxy substituents. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2281-2286. [PMID: 30968923 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Shape-persistent azobenzene tetramers functionalized at the periphery with alkyloxy substituents of different lengths have been synthesized and their photochemical behaviour has been investigated. Efficient E→Z photoisomerization of the azobenzene units takes place both in solution and in the solid state, a highly desirable yet uncommon property for azobenzene-type photochromic compounds. The solid state E→Z photoisomerization is accompanied by an isothermal crystal-amorphous phase transformation; successively, anisotropic crystals can be grown upon promoting the Z→E isomerization by thermal annealing of the irradiated samples. These results validate the strategy of engineering multiphotochromic architectures with a rigid star-shaped geometry to preserve the solution-based photoreactivity also in the solid state. The observed unexpected photoinduced alignment makes these materials potentially attractive for the development of photo-patternable and photo-responsive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Vialetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy. and Istituto ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello La Rosa
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy. and Istituto ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy. and Istituto ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Kim DY, Jeong KU. Light responsive liquid crystal soft matters: structures, properties, and applications. LIQUID CRYSTALS TODAY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1358314x.2019.1653588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonbuk, Korea
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13
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Abstract
Photomechanically responsive materials are promising candidates for future smart actuator applications. The photo-responsive behaviors originate from the photoisomerization of photochromic molecules. A typical photochromic compound, azobenzene, has been studied extensively in the solution state and has played a crucial role in the photomechanical behaviors of materials such as polymers and gels, via chemical bridging with their matrix. In contrast to polymers and gels, the photomechanical attributes of molecular crystals have not progressed to the same degree, due to their rigidity and fragility. However, the past decade has witnessed an increasing number of reports of the photomechanical motion of molecular crystals, including azobenzene crystals. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art of mechanically responsive azobenzene crystals, including the history, crystal design strategy, and future promising applications.
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14
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Kanj AB, Bürck J, Grosjean S, Bräse S, Heinke L. Switching the enantioselectivity of nanoporous host materials by light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8776-8779. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02849h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chiral photoswitchable nanoporous material with remote-controllable enantioselective adsorption capacity is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anemar Bruno Kanj
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Jochen Bürck
- KIT
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Sylvain Grosjean
- KIT
- Institute of Biological Interfaces 3 – Soft Matter Lab (IBG-3)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- KIT
- Institute of Biological Interfaces 3 – Soft Matter Lab (IBG-3)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
- KIT
| | - Lars Heinke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
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15
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Garg S, Schwartz H, Kozlowska M, Kanj AB, Müller K, Wenzel W, Ruschewitz U, Heinke L. Lichtinduziertes Schalten der Leitfähigkeit von MOFs mit eingelagertem Spiropyran. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Garg
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Heidi Schwartz
- Department für ChemieUniversität zu Köln Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Mariana Kozlowska
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Anemar Bruno Kanj
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Kai Müller
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Uwe Ruschewitz
- Department für ChemieUniversität zu Köln Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Lars Heinke
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
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16
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Garg S, Schwartz H, Kozlowska M, Kanj AB, Müller K, Wenzel W, Ruschewitz U, Heinke L. Conductance Photoswitching of Metal-Organic Frameworks with Embedded Spiropyran. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1193-1197. [PMID: 30421842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as well as smart, stimuli-responsive MOF materials have attracted considerable attention with respect to advanced applications in energy harvesting and storage as well as in signal processing. Here, the conductance of MOF films of type UiO-67 with embedded photoswitchable nitro-substituted spiropyrans was investigated. Under UV irradiation, the spiropyran (SP) reversibly isomerizes to the open merocyanine (MC) form, a zwitterionic molecule with an extended conjugated π-system. The light-induced SP-MC isomerization allows for remote control over the conductance of the SP@UiO-67 MOF film, and the conductance can be increased by one order of magnitude. This research has the potential to contribute to the development of a new generation of photoelectronic devices based on smart hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Garg
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Heidi Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mariana Kozlowska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anemar Bruno Kanj
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kai Müller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uwe Ruschewitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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17
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Elkin I, Maris T, Hildgen P, Barrett CJ. Crystal structures of the solvent-free and ethanol disolvate forms of 4,4'-(diazenediyl)bis(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoic acid) exemplifying self-stabilized azo-benzene cis-configurations. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:1486-1490. [PMID: 30319807 PMCID: PMC6176431 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018012781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
cis-4,4'-(Diazenediyl)bis(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoic acid), C14H2F8N2O4, and its ethanol disolvate, C14H2F8N2O4·2C2H5OH, represent new examples of self-stabilized cis-configured azo-benzenes obtained by a common crystallization procedure at room temperature under normal laboratory lighting conditions. The target structure constitutes of two 2,3,5,6-tetra-fluoro-benzoic acid residues linked to each other by a cis-configured azo group and was confirmed for two isolated specimens extracted from the same sample, corresponding to a solvent-free form and an ethanol disolvate. In the solvent-free form, the mol-ecule is characterized by rotational symmetry around a twofold rotation axis bis-ecting its central N=N bond while this symmetry is not present in the solvated form. The values of the inclination angles of the terminal carboxyl groups towards the corresponding benzene rings vary from 5.2 (4) to 45.7 (2)°, depending on the crystal composition. In the unsolvated form, the mol-ecules are linked through identical hydrogen bonds with a classical R 2 2(8) graph-set ring motif of carb-oxy-lic acids, by generating supra-molecular chains running approximately parallel to [101]. The presence of ethanol in the solvated form also leads to changes in the short-contact pattern to produce both the R 4 4(12) ring and open-chain motifs with alternating alcohol and di-carb-oxy-lic acid mol-ecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Elkin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Thierry Maris
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Patrice Hildgen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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18
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Mechanochemical processes with the reaction-induced mechanical activation. Chemo-mechanochemical effect. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Elkin I, Maris T, Christopherson JC, Borchers TH, Barrett CJ. Crystal structure of octane-1,8-diaminium 4,4'-(diazene-1,2-di-yl)dibenzoate monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:724-727. [PMID: 29850100 PMCID: PMC5947496 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018006187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title salt, C8H22N22+·C14H8N2O42-·H2O, represents a pseudo-polymer ionic material, resulting from the self-organizing behavior of 4,4'-azinodibenzoate dianions and doubly protonated, 1,8-diaminium-octane cations in aqueous solution. The asymmetric unit consists of two halves of octane 1,8-diaminium cations (the complete cations are both generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry), a 4,4'-azinodibenzoate anion [dihedral angle between the aromatic rings = 10.22 (4)°] and a water mol-ecule of crystallization. One of the cations is in a fully extended linear conformation while the second one has a terminal C-C-C-N gauche conformation. In the crystal, the cations, anions and water mol-ecules are linked into a three-dimensional network via a complex pattern of charge-assisted N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Elkin
- Chemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Thierry Maris
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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20
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Commins P, Desta IT, Karothu DP, Panda MK, Naumov P. Crystals on the move: mechanical effects in dynamic solids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:13941-13954. [PMID: 27711296 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06235k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
When exposed to external stimuli such as heat or light, certain single crystals can acquire momentum and undergo motion. On a molecular scale, the motility of such dynamic single crystals is triggered by a phase transition or chemical reaction without gaseous products, and macroscopically manifests as either slow (reversible or irreversible) deformation, or as rapid, almost instantaneous propulsion of the crystals that is oftentimes accompanied by disintegration. While the elastic energy of the slow reconfiguration processes such as bending, twisting and coiling can be utilized for actuation of other objects, the fast disintegrative processes could be exploited to initiate pressure-sensitive applications. This short review intends to summarize recent developments in the growing research on dynamic crystals, especially aspects of the mechanism of rapid motion of thermosalient and photosalient (leaping) crystals. The collective evidence indicates that these solids are organic-based analogues of the inorganic martensitic materials. While qualitative explanation of the molecular processes that lead to the related dynamic phenomena can be provided, quantification of their kinematics, estimation of the useful work that can be extracted, and prediction of their occurrence are yet to be established. Harnessing the potential of these materials to rapidly and efficiently perform the fundamentally important process of transduction of heat or light into kinetic energy appears as a prospective basis for their application in motion gears and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Commins
- New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | - Manas K Panda
- New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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21
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Schwartz HA, Ruschewitz U, Heinke L. Smart nanoporous metal–organic frameworks by embedding photochromic molecules – state of the art and future perspectives. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:864-873. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The opportunities, properties and perspectives of smart photochromic materials, which are obtained by embedment of stimuli-responsive molecules in nanoporous MOFs (metal–organic frameworks), both in bulk and in thin films, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| | - U. Ruschewitz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| | - L. Heinke
- Institute for Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
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22
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Dynamic Pseudorotaxane Crystals Containing Metallocene Complexes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14195. [PMID: 29079834 PMCID: PMC5660174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular machines and switches composed of flexible pseudorotaxanes respond to external stimuli, transducing incident energy into mechanical motions. This study presents thermo- and photoresponsive dynamic pseudorotaxane crystals composed of axle molecules containing ferrocene or ruthenocene groups threaded through dibenzo[24]crown-8 ether rings. The ruthenocene-containing pseudorotaxane exhibits a crystal-to-crystal thermal phase transition at 86 °C, which is much lower than that of the ferrocene-containing pseudorotaxane (128 °C). Single-crystal X-ray crystallography at various temperatures reveals the details of the structural changes, and shows that the bulky ruthenocene provides distortion in the pseudorotaxane structure to facilitate twisting of the axle molecule. A mixed ferrocene and ruthenocene pseudorotaxane crystal is applied to photomechanical conversion under 405 nm laser irradiation at 85 °C and provides a lifting force 6,400-times the weight of the crystal itself upon phase transition.
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23
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Cardona M, Makuc D, Szaciłowski K, Plavec J, Magri DC. Water-Soluble Colorimetric Amino[ bis(ethanesulfonate)] Azobenzene pH Indicators: A UV-Vis Absorption, DFT, and 1H- 15N NMR Spectroscopy Study. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:6159-6166. [PMID: 31457862 PMCID: PMC6644513 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble azobenzene derivatives containing amino[bis(ethanesulfonate)] groups are demonstrated as colorful pH indicators in water and on filter paper. Vibrant color changes were observed from yellow/orange to pink between pH 1 and 4, which are attributed to an intramolecular charge-transfer mechanism. The pK as of the indicators range from 2.1 to 2.6. 1H/1H-15N NMR studies in deuterium oxide reveal that the protonation of the azobenzene pH indicators occurs predominantly at the β-azo nitrogen atom, in agreement with the density functional theory calculations. Excellent selectivity for protons was confirmed in water over common biologically relevant metal ions. Studies in methanol, however, indicate that the pH indicator with a methoxy group ortho to the amino[bis(ethanesulfonate)] group facilitates the selective coordination of Cu2+ with a binding constant pβCu2+ of 4.6 ± 0.1. The indicators complement the existing library of azobenzene indicator dyes and may be useful for measuring the environmental pH at higher proton concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
A. Cardona
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Damjan Makuc
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Konrad Szaciłowski
- Academic
Centre of Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST
Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David C. Magri
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
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24
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Gui B, Meng Y, Xie Y, Du K, Sue ACH, Wang C. Immobilizing Organic-Based Molecular Switches into Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Promising Strategy for Switching in Solid State. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [PMID: 28910508 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic-based molecular switches (OMS) are essential components for the ultimate miniaturization of nanoscale electronics and devices. For practical applications, it is often necessary for OMS to be incorporated into functional solid-state materials. However, the switching characteristics of OMS in solution are usually not transferrable to the solid state, presumably because of spatial confinement or inefficient conversion in densely packed solid phase. A promising way to circumvent this issue is harboring the functional OMS within the robust and porous environment of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as their organic components. In this feature article, recent research progress of OMS-based MOFs is briefly summarized. The switching behaviors of OMS under different stimuli (e.g., light, redox, pH, etc.) in the MOF state are first introduced. After that, the technological applications of these OMS-based MOFs in different areas, including CO2 adsorption, gas separation, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and sensing, are outlined. Finally, perspectives and future challenges are discussed in the conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gui
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ke Du
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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25
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Abstract
Chromophoric MOFs are reviewed, focussing on those which change colour on application of external stimuli such as heat, pressure, light or chemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gift Mehlana
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Midlands State University
- Gweru
- Zimbabwe
| | - Susan A. Bourne
- Centre for Supramolecular Chemistry Research
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Rondebosch 7701
- South Africa
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26
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Zhang P, Bolla G, Qiu G, Shu Z, Yan Q, Li Q, Ding S, Ni Z, Zhu W, Dong H, Zhen Y, Hu W. Halogen bonded cocrystal polymorphs of 1,4-di(4′-pyridyl)-1,3-diacetylene. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two cocrystals based on IFB and DPDA are controllably prepared under solvent effects demonstrating different photo-physical properties.
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27
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Christopherson JC, Potts KP, Bushuyev OS, Topić F, Huskić I, Rissanen K, Barrett CJ, Friščić T. Assembly and dichroism of a four-component halogen-bonded metal–organic cocrystal salt solvate involving dicyanoaurate(I) acceptors. Faraday Discuss 2017; 203:441-457. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00114b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the use of dicyanoaurate ions as linear ditopic metal–organic acceptors for the halogen bond-driven assembly of a dichroic metal–organic cocrystal based on azobenzene chromophores. Structural analysis by single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the material is a four-component solid, consisting of anticipated anionic metal–organic halogen-bonded chains based on dicyanoaurate ions, as well as complex potassium-based cations and discrete molecules of the crown ether 15-crown-5. Importantly, the structural analysis revealed the parallel alignment of the halogen-bonded chains required for dichroic behaviour, confirming that crystal engineering principles developed for the design of halogen-bonded dichroic organic cocrystals are also applicable to metal-based structures. In the broader context of crystal engineering, the structure of the herein reported dichroic material is additionally interesting as the presence of an ion pair, a neutral azobenzene and a molecule of a room-temperature liquid make it an example of a solid that simultaneously conforms to definitions of a salt, a cocrystal, and a solvate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karlie P. Potts
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- H3A 0B8 Montreal
- Canada
| | | | - Filip Topić
- University of Jyvaskyla
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanoscience Center
- Jyvaskyla
- Finland
| | - Igor Huskić
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- H3A 0B8 Montreal
- Canada
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanoscience Center
- Jyvaskyla
- Finland
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