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Ucur B, Maccarone AT, Ellis SR, Blanksby SJ, Trevitt AJ. Solvent-Mediated Proton-Transfer Catalysis of the Gas-Phase Isomerization of Ciprofloxacin Protomers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:347-354. [PMID: 35014802 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how neutral molecules become protonated during positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry is critically important to ensure analytes can be efficiently ionized, detected, and unambiguously identified. The ESI solvent is one of several parameters that can alter the dominant site of protonation in polyfunctional molecules and thus, in turn, can significantly change the collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra relied upon for compound identification. Ciprofloxacin─a common fluoroquinolone antibiotic─is one such example whereby positive-ion ESI can result in gas-phase [M + H]+ ions protonated at either the keto-oxygen or the piperazine-nitrogen. Here, we demonstrate that these protonation isomers (or protomers) of ciprofloxacin can be resolved by differential ion mobility spectrometry and give rise to distinctive CID mass spectra following both charge-directed and charge-remote mechanisms. Interaction of mobility-selected protomers with methanol vapor (added via the throttle gas supply) was found to irreversibly convert the piperazine N-protomer to the keto-O-protomer. This methanol-mediated proton-transport catalysis is driven by the overall exothermicity of the reaction, which is computed to favor the O-protomer by 93 kJ mol-1 (in the gas phase). Conversely, gas phase interactions of mobility-selected ions with acetonitrile vapor selectively depletes the N-protomer ion signal as formation of stable [M + H + CH3CN]+ cluster ions skews the apparent protomer population ratio, as the O-protomer is unaffected. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for tuning protomer populations to ensure faithful characterization of multifunctional molecules by tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Ucur
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Alan T Maccarone
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Shane R Ellis
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Adam J Trevitt
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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Marlton SJP, Trevitt A. Laser Photodissocation, Action Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Unite to Detect and Separate Isomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9451-9467. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02101c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The separation and detection of isomers remains a challenge for many areas of mass spectrometry. This article highlights laser photodissociation and ion mobility strategies that have been deployed to tackle...
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Shahrokh L, Omidyan R, Azimi G. Excited State Deactivation Mechanisms of Protonated Adenine: a Theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14898-14908. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00106c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical computational method as well as the adiabatic dynamics simulation have been employed to investigate the non-radiative relaxation mechanism of protonated 9H- and 7H-adenine (AH+). We have located three...
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Marlton SJP, McKinnon BI, Greißel P, Shiels OJ, Ucur B, Trevitt AJ. Picosecond excited-state lifetimes of protonated indazole and benzimidazole: The role of the N-N bond. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:184302. [PMID: 34773941 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain chemical groups give rise to characteristic excited-state deactivation mechanisms. Here, we target the role of a protonated N-N chemical group in the excited-state deactivation of protonated indazole by comparison to its isomer that lacks this group, protonated benzimidazole. Gas-phase protonated indazole and protonated benzimidazole ions are investigated at room temperature using picosecond laser pump-probe photodissociation experiments in a linear ion-trap. Excited state lifetimes are measured across a range of pump energies (4.0-5.4 eV). The 1ππ* lifetimes of protonated indazole range from 390 ± 70 ps using 4.0 eV pump energy to ≤18 ps using 4.6 eV pump energy. The 1ππ* lifetimes of protonated benzimidazole are systematically longer, ranging from 3700 ± 1100 ps at 4.6 eV pump energy to 400 ± 200 ps at 5.4 eV. Based on these experimental results and accompanying quantum chemical calculations and potential energy surfaces, the shorter lifetimes of protonated indazole are attributed to πσ* state mediated elongation of the protonated N-N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J P Marlton
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Benjamin I McKinnon
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Phillip Greißel
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Oisin J Shiels
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Boris Ucur
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Adam J Trevitt
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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Shahrokh L, Omidyan R, Azimi G. Theoretical insights on the excited-state-deactivation mechanisms of protonated thymine and cytosine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8916-8925. [PMID: 33876051 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06673g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio and surface-hopping nonadiabatic dynamics simulation methods were employed to investigate relaxation mechanisms in protonated thymine (TH+) and cytosine (CH+). A few conical intersections were located between 1ππ* and S0 states for each system with the CASSCF (8,8) theoretical model and relevant contributions to the deactivation mechanism of titled systems were addressed by the determination of potential energy profiles at the CASPT2 (12,10) theoretical level. It was revealed that the relaxation of the 1ππ* state of the most stable conformer of both systems to the ground state is mostly governed by the accessible S1/S0 conical intersection resulting from the barrier-free out-of-plane deformation. Interestingly, it was exhibited that the ring puckering coordinate driven from the C6 position of the heterocycle ring in TH+ and CH+ plays the most prominent role in the deactivation mechanism of considered systems. Our ab initio results are also supported by excited-state nonadiabatic dynamics simulations based on ADC(2), describing the ultrashort S1 lifetime of TH+/CH+ by analyzing trajectories leading excited systems to the ground. It was confirmed that the excited-state population mostly relaxes to the ground via the ring puckering coordinate from the C6 moiety. Overall, the theoretical results of this study shed light on the deactivation mechanism of protonated DNA bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Shahrokh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran.
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Noble JA, Marceca E, Dedonder C, Phasayavan W, Féraud G, Inceesungvorn B, Jouvet C. Influence of the N atom position on the excited state photodynamics of protonated azaindole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27280-27289. [PMID: 33227118 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03608k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We present a study of the photofragmentation of three protonated azaindole molecules - 7-azaindole, 6-azaindole, and 5-azaindole - consisting of fused pyrrole-pyridine bicyclic aromatic systems, in which the pyridinic (protonated) nitrogen heteroatom is located at the 7, 6, and 5 positions, respectively. Photofragmentation electronic spectra of the isolated aforementioned azaindolinium cations reveal that their photodynamics extends over timescales covering nine orders of magnitude and provide evidence about the resultant fragmentation pathways. Moreover, we show how the position of the heteroatom in the aromatic skeleton influences the excited state energetics, fragmentation pathways, and fragmentation timescales. Computed ab initio adiabatic transition energies are used to assist the assignation of the spectra, while geometry optimisation in the excited electronic states as well as ab initio calculations along the potential surfaces demonstrate the role of ππ*/πσ* coupling and/or large geometry changes in the dynamics of these species. Evidence supporting the formation of Dewar valence isomers as intermediates involved in sub-picosecond relaxation processes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Noble
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ., PIIM, Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, UMR 7345, 13397, Marseille, France.
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Chatterjee K, Dopfer O. Spectroscopic identification of fragment ions of DNA/RNA building blocks: the case of pyrimidine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17275-17290. [PMID: 32685941 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02919j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pyrimidine (Pym, 1,3-diazine, 1,3-diazabenzene) is an important N-heterocyclic building block of nucleobases. Understanding the structures of its fragment and precursor ions provides insight into its prebiotic and abiotic synthetic route. The long-standing controversial debate about the structures of the primary fragment ions of the Pym+ cation (C4H4N2+, m/z 80) resulting from loss of HCN, C3H3N+ (m/z 53), is closed herein with the aid of a combined approach utilizing infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy in the CH and NH stretch ranges (νCH/NH) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. IRPD spectra of cold Ar/N2-tagged fragment ions reveal that the C3H3N+ population is dominated by cis-/trans-HCCHNCH+ ions (∼90%) along with a minor contribution of the most stable H2CCCNH+ and cis-/trans-HCCHCNH+ isomers (∼10%). We also spectroscopically confirm that the secondary fragment resulting from further loss of HCN, C2H2+ (m/z 26), is the acetylene cation (HCCH+). The spectroscopic characterization of the identified C3H3N+ isomers and their hydrogen-bonded dimers with Ar and N2 provides insight into the acidity of their CH and NH groups. Finally, the vibrational properties of Pym+ in the 3 μm range are probed by IRPD of Pym+-(N2)1-2 clusters, which shows a high π-binding affinity of Pym+ toward a nonpolar hydrophobic ligand. Its νCH spectrum confirms the different acidity of the three nonequivalent CH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Omidyan R, Abedini F, Shahrokh L, Azimi G. Excited State Deactivation Mechanism in Protonated Uracil: New Insights from Theoretical Studies. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5089-5097. [PMID: 32469520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have conducted here a theoretical exploration, discussing the distinct excited state lifetimes reported experimentally for the two lowest lying protonated isomers of uracil. In this regard, the first-principal computational levels as well as the nonadiabatic surface hopping dynamics have been employed. It has been revealed that relaxation of the 1ππ* state of enol-enol form (EE+) to the ground is barrier-free via out-of-plane coordinates, resulting in an ultrashort S1 lifetime of this species. For the second most stable isomer (EK+), however, a significant barrier predicted in the CASPT2 S1 potential energy profile along the twisting coordinate has been proposed to explain the relevant long lifetime reported experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Omidyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abedini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Shahrokh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamhassan Azimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
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Marlton SJP, McKinnon BI, Ucur B, Bezzina JP, Blanksby SJ, Trevitt AJ. Discrimination between Protonation Isomers of Quinazoline by Ion Mobility and UV-Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4226-4231. [PMID: 32368922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of oriented electric fields on chemical reactivity and photochemistry is an area of increasing interest. Within a molecule, different protonation sites offer the opportunity to control the location of charge and thus orientation of electric fields. New techniques are thus needed to discriminate between protonation isomers in order to understand this effect. This investigation reports the UV-photodissociation action spectroscopy of two protonation isomers (protomers) of 1,3-diazanaphthalene (quinazoline) arising from protonation of a nitrogen at either the 1- or 3-position. It is shown that these protomers are separable by field-asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) with confirmation provided by UV-photodissociation (PD) action spectroscopy. Vibronic features in the UVPD action spectra and computational input allow assignment of the origin transitions to the S1 and S5 states of both protomers. These experiments also provide vital benchmarks for protomer-specific calculations and examination of isomer-resolved reaction kinetics and thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J P Marlton
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Benjamin I McKinnon
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Boris Ucur
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - James P Bezzina
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Adam J Trevitt
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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10
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Homochiral vs. heterochiral sodium core dimers of tartaric acid esters: A mass spectrometry and vibrational spectroscopy study. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Abedini F, Omidyan R, Salehi M. Theoretical insights on nonradiative deactivation mechanisms of protonated xanthine. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Ben Nasr F, Alata I, Scuderi D, Lepère V, Brenner V, Jaïdane NE, Zehnacker A. Effects of complexation with sulfuric acid on the photodissociation of protonated Cinchona alkaloids in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15439-15451. [PMID: 31257399 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01518c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of complexation with sulfuric acid on the photo-dissociation of protonated Cinchona alkaloids, namely cinchonidine (Cd), quinine (Qn) and quinidine (Qd), is studied by combining laser spectroscopy with quantum chemical calculations. The protonated complexes are structurally characterized in a room-temperature ion trap by means of infra-red multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy in the fingerprint and the ν(XH) (X = C, N, O) stretch regions. Comparison with density functional theory calculations including dispersion (DFT-D) unambiguously shows that the complex consists of a doubly protonated Cinchona alkaloid strongly bound to a bisulfate HSO4- anion, which bridges the two protonated sites of the Cinchona alkaloid. UV excitation of the complex does not induce loss of specific photo fragments, in contrast to the protonated monomer or dimer, for which photo-specific fragments were observed. Indeed the UV-induced fragmentation pattern is identical to that observed in collision-induced dissociation experiments. Analysis of the nature of the first electronic transitions at the second order approximate coupled-cluster level (CC2) explains the difference in the behavior of the complex relative to the monomer or dimer towards UV excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriel Ben Nasr
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France. and Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications (LSAMA) Université de Tunis El Manar, LSAMA, Tunis 1060, Tunisia
| | - Ivan Alata
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Debora Scuderi
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, and CNRS, Orsay, F-91405, France
| | - Valeria Lepère
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France.
| | | | - Nejm-Eddine Jaïdane
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications (LSAMA) Université de Tunis El Manar, LSAMA, Tunis 1060, Tunisia
| | - Anne Zehnacker
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France.
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Salehi M, Heidari Z, Omidyan R. Photophysics of Protonated and Microhydrated 2-Aminobenzaldehyde: Theoretical Insights into Photoswitchability of Protonated Systems. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8849-8857. [PMID: 30365896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The photoswitchability of a protonated aromatic compound (2-aminobenzaldehyde, 2ABZH+) in its individual and microhydrated states has been addressed based on the RI-MP2/RI-CC2 theoretical methods. Our calculated results give insight into the ultrafast nonradiative deactivation mechanism of the 2ABZH+, driven by a conical intersection between the S1/ S0 potential energy surfaces. Also, it has been predicted that protonation accompanies a significant blue shift effect on the first 1ππ* excited state of 2ABZ by 0.87 eV (at least 50 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salehi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Isfahan , 81746-73441 , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Chemistry , University of Isfahan , 81746-73441 , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Reza Omidyan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Isfahan , 81746-73441 , Isfahan , Iran
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Excited State Dynamics of Cold Protonated Cytosine Tautomers: Characterization of Charge Transfer, Intersystem Crossing, and Internal Conversion Processes. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6429-6439. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b06423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Broquier M, Soorkia S, Dedonder-Lardeux C, Jouvet C, Theulé P, Grégoire G. Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Protonated Amino Pyridine. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3797-809. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b03510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Broquier
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ.
Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Centre
Laser de l’Université Paris-Sud (CLUPS/LUMAT), Univ.
Paris-Sud, CNRS, IOGS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Satchin Soorkia
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ.
Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Claude Dedonder-Lardeux
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille
Université, PIIM UMR 7365, Avenue
Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Christophe Jouvet
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille
Université, PIIM UMR 7365, Avenue
Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Patrice Theulé
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille
Université, PIIM UMR 7365, Avenue
Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Gilles Grégoire
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ.
Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Centre
Laser de l’Université Paris-Sud (CLUPS/LUMAT), Univ.
Paris-Sud, CNRS, IOGS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
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