1
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Anni D, Amika Mbema JC, Malloum A, Conradie J. Hydration of [Formula: see text]aminobenzoic acid: structures and non-covalent bondings of aminobenzoic acid-water clusters. J Mol Model 2024; 30:38. [PMID: 38214749 PMCID: PMC10786749 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Micro-hydration of the aminobenzoic acid is essential to understand its interaction with surrounding water molecules. Understanding the micro-hydration of the aminobenzoic acid is also essential to study its remediation from wastewater. Therefore, we explored the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the para-aminobenzoic acid-water clusters, ABW[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], to study the microsolvation of the aminobenzoic acid in water. In addition, we performed a quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis to identify the nature of non-covalent bondings in the aminobenzoic acid-water clusters. Furthermore, temperature effects on the stability of the located isomers have been examined. The located structures have been used to calculate the hydration free energy and the hydration enthalpy of the aminobenzoic acid using the cluster continuum solvation model. The hydration free energy and the hydration enthalpy of the aminobenzoic acid at room temperature are evaluated to be -7.0 kcal/mol and -18.1 kcal/mol, respectively. The hydration enthalpy is in perfect agreement with a previous experimental estimate. Besides, temperature effects on the calculated hydration enthalpy and free energy are reported. Finally, we calculated the gas phase binding energies of the most stable structures of the ABW[Formula: see text] clusters using twelve functionals of density functional theory (DFT), including empirical dispersion. The DFT functionals are benchmarked against the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS. We have found that the three most suitable DFT functionals are classified in the following order: PW6B95D3 > MN15 > [Formula: see text]B97XD. Therefore, the PW6B95D3 functional is recommended for further study of the aminobenzoic acid-water clusters and similar systems. METHODS The exploration started with classical molecular dynamics simulations followed by complete optimization at the PW6B95D3/def2-TZVP level of theory. Optimizations are performed using Gaussian 16 suite of codes. QTAIM analysis is performed using the AIMAll program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Anni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Amika Mbema
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon.
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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2
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Liu Y, Ma CY, Gong J, Roberts KJ. The Influence of Solvent Selection upon the Crystallizability and Nucleation Kinetics of Tolfenamic Acid Form II. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:5846-5859. [PMID: 37547878 PMCID: PMC10401637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the solution environment on the solution thermodynamics, crystallizability, and nucleation of tolfenamic acid (TFA) in five different solvents (isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, toluene, and acetonitrile) is examined using an integrated workflow encompassing both experimental studies and intermolecular modeling. The solubility of TFA in isopropanol is found to be the highest, consistent with the strongest solvent-solute interactions, and a concomitantly higher than ideal solubility. The crystallizability is found to be highly dependent on the solvent type with the overall order being isopropanol < ethanol < methanol < toluene < acetonitrile with the widest solution metastable zone width in isopropanol (24.49 to 47.41 °C) and the narrowest in acetonitrile (8.23 to 16.17 °C). Nucleation is found to occur via progressive mechanism in all the solvents studied. The calculated nucleation parameters reveal a considerably higher interfacial tension and larger critical nucleus radius in the isopropanol solutions, indicating the higher energy barrier hindering nucleation and hence lowering the nucleation rate. This is supported by diffusion coefficient measurements which are lowest in isopropanol, highlighting the lower molecular diffusion in the bulk of solution compared to the other solutions. The TFA concentration and critical supersaturation at the crystallization onset is found to be directly correlated with TFA/isopropanol solutions having the highest values of solubility and critical supersaturation. Intermolecular modeling of solute-solvent interactions supports the experimental observations of the solubility and crystallizability, highlighting the importance of understanding solvent selection and solution state structure at the molecular level in directing the solubility, solute mass transfer, crystallizability, and nucleation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Cai Y. Ma
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Junbo Gong
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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3
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Deck LT, Mazzotti M. Conceptual Validation of Stochastic and Deterministic Methods To Estimate Crystal Nucleation Rates. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:899-914. [PMID: 36747576 PMCID: PMC9896484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a generalized framework to assess the accuracy of methods to estimate primary and secondary nucleation rates from experimental data. The crystallization process of a well-studied model compound was simulated by means of a novel stochastic modeling methodology. Nucleation rates were estimated from the simulated data through multiple methods and were compared with the true values. For primary nucleation, no method considered in this work was able to estimate the rates accurately under general conditions. Two deterministic methods that are widely used in the literature were shown to overpredict rates in the presence of secondary nucleation. This behavior is shared by all methods that extract rates from deterministic process attributes, as they are insensitive to primary nucleation if secondary nucleation is sufficiently fast. Two stochastic methods were found to be accurate independent of whether secondary nucleation is present, but they underestimated rates in the case where a large number of primary nuclei are formed. We hence proposed a criterion to probe the accuracy of stochastic methods for arbitrary data sets, thus providing the theoretical foundations required for their rational use. Finally, we showed how both primary and secondary nucleation rates can be inferred from the same set of detection time data by combining deterministic and stochastic considerations.
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4
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Anuar N, Yusop SN, Roberts KJ. Crystallisation of organic materials from the solution phase: a molecular, synthonic and crystallographic perspective. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2022.2123916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nornizar Anuar
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Siti Nurul’ain Yusop
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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5
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Improving separation efficiency of crystallization by ultrasound-accelerated nucleation: The role of solute diffusion and solvation effect. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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6
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Rosbottom I, Turner TD, Ma CY, Hammond R, Roberts KJ, Yong C, Todorov I. The Structural Pathway from its Solvated Molecular State to the Solution Crystallisation of the α- and β-Polymorphic Forms of Para Amino Benzoic Acid. Faraday Discuss 2022; 235:467-489. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Para amino benzoic acid has two well-characterised polymorphic forms and, whilst both crystallise in the monoclinic space group, they have quite different crystal chemistry and crystallisability behaviour. The molecular conformation...
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7
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Rizvi AK, Roberts KJ, Izumi T. The Influence of Supersaturation and the Presence of Biuret on the Nucleation, Growth and Morphology of Urea Crystallised from Ethanolic Solutions. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aatika K. Rizvi
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Biopharmaceutical Bioprocessing School of Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Complex Particulate Products and Processes School of Process and Chemical Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Pfizer Global Research and Development Ramsgate Road Sandwich Kent CT13 9NJ UK
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Warfield Bracknell RG42 6EY UK
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Complex Particulate Products and Processes School of Process and Chemical Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Toshiko Izumi
- Pfizer Global Research and Development Ramsgate Road Sandwich Kent CT13 9NJ UK
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8
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Kaskiewicz PL, Rosbottom I, Camacho Corzo DM, Hammond RB, Downie R, Dowding PJ, George N, Roberts KJ. Influence of solution chemistry on the solubility, crystallisability and nucleation behaviour of eicosane in toluene : acetone mixed-solvents. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compositionally dependent solution structure is found to influence the solubility, crystallisability and nucleation mechanism of eicosane when crystallising from toluene : acetone mixed-solvent solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L. Kaskiewicz
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Complex Particulate Products and Processes
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| | - Ian Rosbottom
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Diana M. Camacho Corzo
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Complex Particulate Products and Processes
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| | - Robert B. Hammond
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Complex Particulate Products and Processes
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| | - Ruth Downie
- Infineum UK Ltd
- Milton Hill Business and Technology Centre
- Abingdon OX13 6BB
- UK
| | - Peter J. Dowding
- Infineum UK Ltd
- Milton Hill Business and Technology Centre
- Abingdon OX13 6BB
- UK
| | - Neil George
- Syngenta UK Ltd
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre
- Berkshire RG42 6EY
- UK
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Complex Particulate Products and Processes
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
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9
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Tang SK, Davey RJ, Sacchi P, Cruz-Cabeza AJ. Can molecular flexibility control crystallization? The case of para substituted benzoic acids. Chem Sci 2020; 12:993-1000. [PMID: 34163865 PMCID: PMC8179050 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the technological importance of crystallization from solutions almost nothing is known about the relationship between the kinetic process of nucleation and the molecular and crystal structures of a crystallizing solute. Nowhere is this more apparent than in our attempts to understand the behavior of increasingly large, flexible molecules developed as active components in the pharmaceutical arena. In our current contribution we develop a general protocol involving a combination of computation (conformation analysis, lattice energy), and experiment (measurement of nucleation rates), and show how significant advances can be made. We present the first systematic study aimed at quantifying the impact of molecular flexibility on nucleation kinetics. The nucleation rates of 4 para substituted benzoic acids are compared, two of which have substituents with flexible chains. In making this comparison, the importance of normalizing data to account for differing solubilities is highlighted. These data have allowed us to go beyond popular qualitative descriptors such ‘crystallizability’ or ‘crystallization propensity’ in favour of more precise nucleation rate data. Overall, this leads to definite conclusions as to the relative importance of solution chemistry, solid-state interactions and conformational flexibility in the crystallization of these molecules and confirms the key role of intermolecular stacking interactions in determining relative nucleation rates. In a more general sense, conclusions are drawn as to conditions under which conformational change may become rate determining during a crystallization process. Little is known about the relationship between the kinetic process of nucleation and the molecular and crystal structures of a crystallizing solute. Here we compare the behaviour of a series of benzoic acids with a focus on conformational effects.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Kim Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, University of Manchester M13PL UK
| | - Roger J Davey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, University of Manchester M13PL UK
| | - Pietro Sacchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, University of Manchester M13PL UK
| | - Aurora J Cruz-Cabeza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, University of Manchester M13PL UK
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10
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Kaskiewicz PL, Turner TD, Warren NJ, Morton C, Dowding PJ, George N, Roberts KJ. Isothermal by Design: Comparison with an Established Isothermal Nucleation Kinetics Analysis Method. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter L. Kaskiewicz
- University of Leeds School of Chemical and Process Engineering LS2 9JT Leeds UK
| | - Thomas D. Turner
- University of Leeds School of Chemical and Process Engineering LS2 9JT Leeds UK
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- University of Leeds School of Chemical and Process Engineering LS2 9JT Leeds UK
| | - Colin Morton
- Infineum UK Ltd. Milton Hill Business and Technology Centre Abingdon UK
| | - Peter J. Dowding
- Infineum UK Ltd. Milton Hill Business and Technology Centre Abingdon UK
| | - Neil George
- Syngenta UK Ltd. Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell Berkshire UK
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- University of Leeds School of Chemical and Process Engineering LS2 9JT Leeds UK
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11
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Mohd Noor SZ, Camacho DM, Yun Ma C, Mahmud T. Effect of Crystallization Conditions on the Metastable Zone Width and Nucleation Kinetics of
p
‐Aminobenzoic Acid in Ethanol. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Zulaikha Mohd Noor
- The University of LeedsSchool of Chemical and Process Engineering LS2 9JT Leeds United Kingdom
| | - Diana M. Camacho
- The University of LeedsSchool of Chemical and Process Engineering LS2 9JT Leeds United Kingdom
| | - Cai Yun Ma
- The University of LeedsSchool of Chemical and Process Engineering LS2 9JT Leeds United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Mahmud
- The University of LeedsSchool of Chemical and Process Engineering LS2 9JT Leeds United Kingdom
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12
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Rosbottom I, Pickering JH, Hammond RB, Roberts KJ. A Digital Workflow Supporting the Selection of Solvents for Optimizing the Crystallizability of p-Aminobenzoic Acid. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Rosbottom
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Jonathan H. Pickering
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Robert B. Hammond
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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13
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Kaskiewicz PL, Xu G, Lai X, Warren NJ, Roberts KJ, Morton C, Dowding P, George N. Isothermal by Design: An Accelerated Approach to the Prediction of the Crystallizability of Slowly Nucleating Systems. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter L. Kaskiewicz
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Guangyi Xu
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Xiaojun Lai
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Colin Morton
- Infineum UK Ltd, Milton Hill Business and Technology Centre, Abingdon OX13 6BB, U.K
| | - Peter Dowding
- Infineum UK Ltd, Milton Hill Business and Technology Centre, Abingdon OX13 6BB, U.K
| | - Neil George
- Syngenta UK Ltd, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
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14
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Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Davey RJ, Oswald IDH, Ward MR, Sugden IJ. Polymorphism in p-aminobenzoic acid. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review the polymorphism of p-aminobenzoic acid (pABA), a model drug compound whose crystallisation and polymorphic behaviour has been extensively studied in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora J. Cruz-Cabeza
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- M13 9PL Manchester
- UK
- Astra Zeneca
| | - Roger J. Davey
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- M13 9PL Manchester
- UK
| | - Iain D. H. Oswald
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS)
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Martin R. Ward
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS)
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Isaac J. Sugden
- Molecular Systems Engineering Group
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
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15
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Rosbottom I, Toroz D, Hammond RB, Roberts KJ. Conformational and structural stability of the single molecule and hydrogen bonded clusters of para aminobenzoic acid in the gas and solution phases. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00908b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structures of α- and β-para aminobenzoic acid are deconstructed into their hydrogen bonding molecular structural building blocks, where they are analysed usingab initioquantum mechanical calculations of their conformation and cluster stability in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Rosbottom
- Centre for Digital Drug Product Design
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- Leeds
- UK
| | - Dimitrios Toroz
- Centre for Digital Drug Product Design
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- Leeds
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Robert B. Hammond
- Centre for Digital Drug Product Design
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- Leeds
- UK
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- Centre for Digital Drug Product Design
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- Leeds
- UK
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16
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Black JFB, Cardew PT, Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Davey RJ, Gilks SE, Sullivan RA. Crystal nucleation and growth in a polymorphic system: Ostwald's rule, p-aminobenzoic acid and nucleation transition states. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01960b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Water has a magic effect on the nucleation kinetics of an aminobenzoic acid – stacking interactions baffle Ostwald's rule and offer dual pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. F. B. Black
- AstraZeneca
- Pharmaceutical Development
- Macclesfield SK10 2NA
- UK
| | | | - A. J. Cruz-Cabeza
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Sciences
- University of Manchester
- UK
| | - R. J. Davey
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Sciences
- University of Manchester
- UK
| | - S. E. Gilks
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Sciences
- University of Manchester
- UK
| | - R. A. Sullivan
- AstraZeneca
- Pharmaceutical Development
- Macclesfield SK10 2NA
- UK
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17
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Turner TD, Halfpenny PJ, Roberts KJ. Pharmaceutical Solid-State Characterisation Techniques. ENGINEERING CRYSTALLOGRAPHY: FROM MOLECULE TO CRYSTAL TO FUNCTIONAL FORM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1117-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Chen X, Sun C, Wu S, Xue D. Nucleation-dependant chemical bonding paradigm: the effect of rare earth ions on the nucleation of urea in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:8835-8842. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00601b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nucleation-dependant chemical bonding paradigm of urea in the presence of rare earth ions in aqueous solution has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Congting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Sixin Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of MOE
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Dongfeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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