1
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Li L, Wu Q, Xiang SK, Mu S, Zhao R, Xiao M, Long C, Zheng X, Cui C. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Tracks Condition-Sensitive Water Radical Cation. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9183-9191. [PMID: 37800664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidizing species or radicals generated in water are of vital importance in catalysis, the environment, and biology. In addition to several related reactive oxygen species, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), we present a nontrapping chemical transformation pathway to track water radical cation (H2O+•) species, whose formation is very sensitive to the conditioning environments, such as light irradiation, mechanical action, and gas/chemical introduction. We reveal that H2O+• can oxidize the 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) to the crucial epoxy hydroxylamine (HDMP=O) intermediate, which further reacts with the hydroxyl radical (•OH) for the formation of the EPR-active sextet radical (DMPO=O•). Interestingly, we uncover that H2O+• can react with dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP), 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), and α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) which contain a double-bond structure to produce corresponding derivatives as well. It is thus expected that both H2O+• and •OH are ubiquitous in nature and in various water-containing experimental systems. These findings provide a novel perspective on radicals for water redox chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Qianbao Wu
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Shi-Kai Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Shijia Mu
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ruijuan Zhao
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Mengjun Xiao
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Chang Long
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xia Zheng
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Chunhua Cui
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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2
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Cook AR. Sub-picosecond Production of Solute Radical Cations in Tetrahydrofuran after Radiolysis. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10189-10197. [PMID: 34793148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast hole transfer from solvent radical cations produced by radiolysis with ∼10 ps, 9 MeV electron pulses to solutes in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was investigated. Because of rapid fragmentation of initially produced THF+•, solute radical cations are not expected and have not previously been reported. When 9,9-dihexyl-2,7-dibromofluorene (Br2F) at 5 to 1000 mM was used, Br2F+• with radiation chemical yields up to G = 2.23/100 eV absorbed was observed. While more than half of this was the result of direct solute ionization, the results highlight the importance of capturing holes from THF+• prior to solvation and fragmentation. The observed data show a time-resolution limited (15 ps) rise in transient absorption of Br2F+•, identical in form to reports of presolvated or dry electron capture in water and a few organic liquids, including THF. The results were thus interpreted with a similar formalism, finding C37 = 1.7 M, the concentration at which 37% of holes escape capture. The yield of solvent hole capture can be accounted for by the formation of solvent holes adjacent to solute molecules reacting faster than they can fragment; however, mechanisms such as delocalized holes or rapid hopping may play a role. Low temperature results find over two times more capture, supporting the speculation that if THF+• was longer lived, the yield of capture in under 15 ps would have been at least 2 times larger at 1 M Br2F, possibly capturing nearly all available holes from the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Cook
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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3
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de la Lande A, Denisov S, Mostafavi M. The mystery of sub-picosecond charge transfer following irradiation of hydrated uridine monophosphate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21148-21162. [PMID: 34528029 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The early mechanisms by which ionizing rays damage biological structures by so-called direct effects are largely elusive. In a recent picosecond pulse radiolysis study of concentrated uridine monophosphate solutions [J. Ma, S. A. Denisov, J.-L. Marignier, P. Pernot, A. Adhikary, S. Seki and M. Mostafavi, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2018, 9, 5105], unexpected results were found regarding the oxidation of the nucleobase. The signature of the oxidized nucleobase could not be detected 5 ps after the electron pulse, but only the oxidized phosphate, raising intriguing questions about the identity of charge-transfer mechanisms that could explain the absence of U+. We address here this question by means of advanced first-principles atomistic simulations of solvated uridine monophosphate, combining Density Functional Theory (DFT) with polarizable embedding schemes. We contrast three very distinct mechanisms of charge transfer covering the atto-, femto- and pico-second timescales. We first investigate the ionization mechanism and subsequent hole/charge migrations on a timescale of attoseconds to a few femtoseconds under the frozen nuclei approximation. We then consider a nuclear-driven phosphate-to-oxidized-nucleobase electron transfer, showing that it is an uncompetitive reaction channel on the sub-picosecond timescale, despite its high exothermicity and significant electronic coupling. Finally, we show that non-adiabatic charge transfer is enabled by femtosecond nuclear relaxation after ionization. We show that electronic decoherence and the electronic coupling strength are the key parameters that determine the hopping probabilities. Our results provide important insight into the interplay between electronics and nuclear motions in the early stages of the multiscale responses of biological matter subjected to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien de la Lande
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay (UMR 8000), 15 Avenue Jean Perrin, 91405, France.
| | - Sergey Denisov
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay (UMR 8000), 15 Avenue Jean Perrin, 91405, France.
| | - Mehran Mostafavi
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay (UMR 8000), 15 Avenue Jean Perrin, 91405, France.
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4
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Zhang X, Ren X, Zhong Y, Chingin K, Chen H. Rapid and sensitive detection of acetone in exhaled breath through the ambient reaction with water radical cations. Analyst 2021; 146:5037-5044. [PMID: 34231556 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00402f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The levels of acetone and other ketones in exhaled human breath can be associated with various metabolic conditions, e.g. ketosis, lung cancer, dietary fat loss and diabetes. In this study, ketones in breath samples were charged through the reaction with water radical cations to form [M + H2O]˙+ ions, which were detected by mass spectrometry. Our experimental data indicate that under the optimized experimental conditions, the limit of detection for acetone using our approach is 0.14 ng L-1 (∼0.06 ppb). The linear dynamic range of detection spans four orders of magnitude. The developed approach was applied to real-time semi-quantitative analysis of acetone in the exhaled breath of human volunteers, revealing significantly higher levels of acetone in the breath of smokers compared to non-smokers. The developed approach features the obviation of sample collection, easy operation, high speed of analysis (10 s per run), high sensitivity, and spectral interpretation, which indicates the potential of ambient corona discharge ionization mass spectrometry as a selective, sensitive and noninvasive technique for the determination of exhaled ketones in clinical diagnosis including lung cancer, diabetes, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China.
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5
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Femtosecond responses of hydrated DNA irradiated by ionizing rays focus on the sugar-phosphate part. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Omar KA, Hasnaoui K, de la Lande A. First-Principles Simulations of Biological Molecules Subjected to Ionizing Radiation. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:445-465. [PMID: 33878897 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-101419-013639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing rays cause damage to genomes, proteins, and signaling pathways that normally regulate cell activity, with harmful consequences such as accelerated aging, tumors, and cancers but also with beneficial effects in the context of radiotherapies. While the great pace of research in the twentieth century led to the identification of the molecular mechanisms for chemical lesions on the building blocks of biomacromolecules, the last two decades have brought renewed questions, for example, regarding the formation of clustered damage or the rich chemistry involving the secondary electrons produced by radiolysis. Radiation chemistry is now meeting attosecond science, providing extraordinary opportunities to unravel the very first stages of biological matter radiolysis. This review provides an overview of the recent progress made in this direction, focusing mainly on the atto- to femto- to picosecond timescales. We review promising applications of time-dependent density functional theory in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karwan Ali Omar
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; .,Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, 41005 Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Karim Hasnaoui
- High Performance Computing User Support Team, Institut du Développement et des Ressources en Informatique Scientifique (IDRIS), 91403 Orsay, France.,Maison de la Simulation, CNRS, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélien de la Lande
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France;
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7
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Mi D, Cui J, Kuang S, Dong X, Lu H. Facile Atmospheric Generation of Water Radical Cations via
TiO
2
‐Nanoneedle Arrays for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Detection Based on Corona Discharge. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Mi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Jinhaojie Cui
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Siliang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Xiaofeng Dong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
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8
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Zhang X, Ren X, Chingin K, Xu J, Yan X, Chen H. Mass spectrometry distinguishing C=C location and cis/trans isomers: A strategy initiated by water radical cations. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1139:146-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Water Radical Cations in the Gas Phase: Methods and Mechanisms of Formation, Structure and Chemical Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153490. [PMID: 32751962 PMCID: PMC7435662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Water radical cations, (H2O)n+•, are of great research interest in both fundamental and applied sciences. Fundamental studies of water radical reactions are important to better understand the mechanisms of natural processes, such as proton transfer in aqueous solutions, the formation of hydrogen bonds and DNA damage, as well as for the discovery of new gas-phase reactions and products. In applied science, the interest in water radicals is prompted by their potential in radiobiology and as a source of primary ions for selective and sensitive chemical ionization. However, in contrast to protonated water clusters, (H2O)nH+, which are relatively easy to generate and isolate in experiments, the generation and isolation of radical water clusters, (H2O)n+•, is tremendously difficult due to their ultra-high reactivity. This review focuses on the current knowledge and unknowns regarding (H2O)n+• species, including the methods and mechanisms of their formation, structure and chemical properties.
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10
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Jay-Gerin JP. Ultra-high dose-rate (FLASH) radiotherapy: Generation of early, transient, strongly acidic spikes in the irradiated tumor environment. Cancer Radiother 2020; 24:332-334. [PMID: 32446537 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Monte Carlo simulations of γ/fast electron-radiolysis of water show that the in situ formation of H3O+ temporarily renders each "native" isolated spur/track region very acidic. For pulsed (FLASH) irradiation with high dose rate, this early time, transient "acid-spike" response is shown to extend evenly across the entire irradiated volume. Since pH controls many cellular processes, this study highlights the need to consider these spikes of acidity in understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying FLASH radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Jay-Gerin
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12(e) Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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11
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Patwary MM, Kanike V, Sanguanmith S, Meesungnoen J, Islam MM, Jay-Gerin JP. Low linear energy transfer radiolysis of supercritical water at 400 °C: in situ generation of ultrafast, transient, density-dependent "acid spikes". Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7137-7146. [PMID: 30888004 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00790c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the radiation chemistry of supercritical water (SCW), as its use as a coolant in a nuclear reactor (Generation IV) is the logical evolution of the current (Generation III or less) water-cooled reactors. However, current knowledge about the potential effects of water radiolysis in a Gen-IV supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) is incomplete. In this work, Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations of the low linear energy transfer (LET) radiolysis of SCW (H2O) at 400 °C are used in combination with a spherical "spur" model to study the effect of water density on the in situ radiolytic formation of H3O+ ions and the corresponding abrupt, transient, highly acidic pH response ("acid spikes") that is observed immediately after irradiation. The magnitude and duration of this acidic pH effect depend on the water density in the considered range of 0.15-0.6 g cm-3. It is strongest at times less than a few tens of picoseconds with the pH remaining nearly constant at ∼1.6 and 1.9 for the highest ("liquid-like") and lowest ("gas-like") density, respectively. At longer times, the pH gradually increases for all densities and finally reaches a constant value corresponding to the non-radiolytic, pre-irradiation concentration of H3O+, due to the autoprotolysis of water. Our results show that the lower the density of the water, the longer the time required to reach this constant value, ranging from ∼50 ns at 0.6 g cm-3 (pH ∼ 5.6) to ∼1 μs at 0.15 g cm-3 (pH ∼ 8.5). The generation of these highly acidic pH fluctuations around the "native" radiation tracks, though local and transient, raises questions about the potential implications of this effect in proposed Gen-IV SCW-cooled reactors regarding corrosion and degradation of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mohsin Patwary
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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12
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Musat R, Denisov SA, Marignier JL, Mostafavi M. Decoding the Three-Pronged Mechanism of NO 3• Radical Formation in HNO 3 Solutions at 22 and 80 °C Using Picosecond Pulse Radiolysis. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2121-2129. [PMID: 29365267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With nitric acid (HNO3) being at the core of nuclear technology through actinides separation and extraction processes, achieving a complete characterization of the complex processes involving concentrated HNO3 solutions under ionizing radiation equates bringing efficiency and safety into their operation. In this work, the three mechanisms contributing to the formation of nitrate radicals (NO3•) in concentrated nitric acid were investigated by measuring the radiolytic yield of NO3• in HNO3 solutions (0.5-23.5 M) at room (22.5 °C) and elevated (80 °C) temperatures on time scales spanning from picosecond to microsecond by pulse radiolysis measurements. We conclude that the formation yield of NO3•, just after the 7 ps electron pulse, is due to the direct effect and to the ultrafast electron transfer reaction between NO3- and the water cation radical, H2O•+. The absolute formation yield of NO3• radicals due to the direct effect, GNO3•dir, is found to be (3.4 ± 0.1) × 10-7 mol·J-1, irrespective of the concentration and temperature. On longer time scales, >1 ns, an additional contribution to NO3• formation from the reaction between •OH radicals and undissociated HNO3 is observed. The rate constant of this reaction, which is activation-controlled, was determined to be (5.3 ± 0.2) × 107 M-1·s-1 for 22.5 °C, reaching a value of (1.1 ± 0.2) × 108 M-1·s-1 at 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Musat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud , Bâtiment 349, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Sergey A Denisov
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud , Bâtiment 349, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Jean-Louis Marignier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud , Bâtiment 349, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Mehran Mostafavi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud , Bâtiment 349, Orsay 91405, France
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13
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Ultrafast Chemistry of Water Radical Cation, H₂O •+, in Aqueous Solutions. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020244. [PMID: 29373497 PMCID: PMC6017428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation reactions by radicals constitute a very important class of chemical reactions in solution. Radiation Chemistry methods allow producing, in a controlled way, very reactive oxidizing radicals, such as OH•, CO3•–, NO3•, SO4•–, and N3•. Although the radical cation of water, H2O•+, with a very short lifetime (shorter than 1 ps) is the precursor of these radicals in aqueous solutions, its chemistry is usually known to be limited to the reaction of proton transfer by forming OH• radical. Herein, we stress situations where H2O•+ undergoes electron transfer reaction in competition with proton transfer.
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14
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Wu X, Teuler JM, Cailliez F, Clavaguéra C, Salahub DR, de la Lande A. Simulating Electron Dynamics in Polarizable Environments. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:3985-4002. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wu
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique, CNRS - Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay CEDEX, France
| | - Jean-Marie Teuler
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique, CNRS - Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay CEDEX, France
| | - Fabien Cailliez
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique, CNRS - Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay CEDEX, France
| | - Carine Clavaguéra
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique, CNRS - Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay CEDEX, France
| | - Dennis R. Salahub
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Simulation, Institute for Quantum
Science and Technology and Quantum Alberta, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, No. 100, Lian Hua Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Aurélien de la Lande
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique, CNRS - Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay CEDEX, France
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