1
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Romero S, Baruah T, Zope RR. Spin-state gaps and self-interaction-corrected density functional approximations: Octahedral Fe(II) complexes as case study. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:054305. [PMID: 36754787 DOI: 10.1063/5.0133999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate prediction of a spin-state energy difference is crucial for understanding the spin crossover phenomena and is very challenging for density functional approximations, especially for local and semi-local approximations due to delocalization errors. Here, we investigate the effect of the self-interaction error removal from the local spin density approximation (LSDA) and Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation on the spin-state gaps of Fe(II) complexes with various ligands using recently developed locally scaled self-interaction correction (LSIC) by Zope et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 151, 214108 (2019)]. The LSIC method is exact for one-electron density, recovers the uniform electron gas limit of the underlying functional, and approaches the well-known Perdew-Zunger self-interaction correction (PZSIC) as a particular case when the scaling factor is set to unity. Our results, when compared with reference diffusion Monte Carlo results, show that the PZSIC method significantly overestimates spin-state gaps favoring low spin states for all ligands and does not improve upon density functional approximations. The perturbative LSIC-LSDA using PZSIC densities significantly improves the gaps with a mean absolute error of 0.51 eV but slightly overcorrects for the stronger CO ligands. The quasi-self-consistent LSIC-LSDA, such as coupled-cluster single double and perturbative triple [CCSD(T)], gives a correct sign of spin-state gaps for all ligands with a mean absolute error of 0.56 eV, comparable to that of CCSD(T) (0.49 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Romero
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Tunna Baruah
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Rajendra R Zope
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
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2
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Kaplan AD, Shahi C, Bhetwal P, Sah RK, Perdew JP. Understanding Density-Driven Errors for Reaction Barrier Heights. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:532-543. [PMID: 36599075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Delocalization errors, such as charge-transfer and some self-interaction errors, plague computationally efficient and otherwise accurate density functional approximations (DFAs). Evaluating a semilocal DFA non-self-consistently on the Hartree-Fock (HF) density is often recommended as a computationally inexpensive remedy for delocalization errors. For sophisticated meta-GGAs like SCAN, this approach can achieve remarkable accuracy. This HF-DFT (also known as DFA@HF) is often presumed to work, when it significantly improves over the DFA, because the HF density is more accurate than the self-consistent DFA density in those cases. By applying the metrics of density-corrected density functional theory (DFT), we show that HF-DFT works for barrier heights by making a localizing charge-transfer error or density overcorrection, thereby producing a somewhat reliable cancellation of density- and functional-driven errors for the energy. A quantitative analysis of the charge-transfer errors in a few randomly selected transition states confirms this trend. We do not have the exact functional and electron densities that would be needed to evaluate the exact density- and functional-driven errors for the large BH76 database of barrier heights. Instead, we have identified and employed three fully nonlocal proxy functionals (SCAN 50% global hybrid, range-separated hybrid LC-ωPBE, and SCAN-FLOSIC) and their self-consistent proxy densities. These functionals are chosen because they yield reasonably accurate self-consistent barrier heights and because their self-consistent total energies are nearly piecewise linear in fractional electron number─two important points of similarity to the exact functional. We argue that density-driven errors of the energy in a self-consistent density functional calculation are second order in the density error and that large density-driven errors arise primarily from incorrect electron transfers over length scales larger than the diameter of an atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Kaplan
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19122, United States
| | - Chandra Shahi
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19122, United States
| | - Pradeep Bhetwal
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19122, United States
| | - Raj K Sah
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19122, United States
| | - John P Perdew
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19122, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19122, United States
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3
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Ariyarathna IR, Duan C, Kulik HJ. Understanding the chemical bonding of ground and excited states of HfO and HfB with correlated wavefunction theory and density functional approximations. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:184113. [PMID: 35568536 DOI: 10.1063/5.0090128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the chemical bonding of HfO and HfB ground and low-lying electronic states provides essential insights into a range of catalysts and materials that contain Hf-O or Hf-B moieties. Here, we carry out high-level multi-reference configuration interaction theory and coupled cluster quantum chemical calculations on these systems. We compute full potential energy curves, excitation energies, ionization energies, electronic configurations, and spectroscopic parameters with large quadruple-ζ and quintuple-ζ quality correlation consistent basis sets. We also investigate equilibrium chemical bonding patterns and effects of correlating core electrons on property predictions. Differences in the ground state electron configuration of HfB(X4Σ-) and HfO(X1Σ+) lead to a significantly stronger bond in HfO than HfB, as judged by both dissociation energies and equilibrium bond distances. We extend our analysis to the chemical bonding patterns of the isovalent HfX (X = O, S, Se, Te, and Po) series and observe similar trends. We also note a linear trend between the decreasing value of the dissociation energy (De) from HfO to HfPo and the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES-T) of the molecule. Finally, we compare these benchmark results to those obtained using density functional theory (DFT) with 23 exchange-correlation functionals spanning multiple rungs of "Jacob's ladder." When comparing DFT errors to coupled cluster reference values on dissociation energies, excitation energies, and ionization energies of HfB and HfO, we observe semi-local generalized gradient approximations to significantly outperform more complex and high-cost functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isuru R Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Chenru Duan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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4
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Bajaj A, Duan C, Nandy A, Taylor MG, Kulik HJ. Molecular orbital projectors in non-empirical jmDFT recover exact conditions in transition-metal chemistry. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:184112. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0089460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-cost, non-empirical corrections to semi-local density functional theory are essential for accurately modeling transition-metal chemistry. Here, we demonstrate the judiciously modified density functional theory (jmDFT) approach with non-empirical U and J parameters obtained directly from frontier orbital energetics on a series of transition-metal complexes. We curate a set of nine representative Ti(III) and V(IV) d1 transition-metal complexes and evaluate their flat-plane errors along the fractional spin and charge lines. We demonstrate that while jmDFT improves upon both DFT+U and semi-local DFT with the standard atomic orbital projectors (AOPs), it does so inefficiently. We rationalize these inefficiencies by quantifying hybridization in the relevant frontier orbitals. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a procedure for computing a molecular orbital projector (MOP) basis for use with jmDFT. We demonstrate this single set of d1 MOPs to be suitable for nearly eliminating all energetic delocalization error and static correlation error. In all cases, MOP jmDFT outperforms AOP jmDFT, and it eliminates most flat-plane errors at non-empirical values. Unlike DFT+U or hybrid functionals, jmDFT nearly eliminates energetic delocalization error and static correlation error within a non-empirical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Bajaj
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States of America
| | - Chenru Duan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States of America
| | - Aditya Nandy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States of America
| | | | - Heather J. Kulik
- Dept of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States of America
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5
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Sim E, Song S, Vuckovic S, Burke K. Improving Results by Improving Densities: Density-Corrected Density Functional Theory. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6625-6639. [PMID: 35380807 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have become widespread in both chemistry and materials, because they usually provide useful accuracy at much lower computational cost than wavefunction-based methods. All practical DFT calculations require an approximation to the unknown exchange-correlation energy, which is then used self-consistently in the Kohn-Sham scheme to produce an approximate energy from an approximate density. Density-corrected DFT is simply the study of the relative contributions to the total energy error. In the vast majority of DFT calculations, the error due to the approximate density is negligible. But with certain classes of functionals applied to certain classes of problems, the density error is sufficiently large as to contribute to the energy noticeably, and its removal leads to much better results. These problems include reaction barriers, torsional barriers involving π-conjugation, halogen bonds, radicals and anions, most stretched bonds, etc. In all such cases, use of a more accurate density significantly improves performance, and often the simple expedient of using the Hartree-Fock density is enough. This Perspective explains what DC-DFT is, where it is likely to improve results, and how DC-DFT can produce more accurate functionals. We also outline challenges and prospects for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Suhwan Song
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Stefan Vuckovic
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni,Campus Unisalento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.,Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kieron Burke
- Departments of Chemistry and of Physics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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6
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Keith JA, Vassilev-Galindo V, Cheng B, Chmiela S, Gastegger M, Müller KR, Tkatchenko A. Combining Machine Learning and Computational Chemistry for Predictive Insights Into Chemical Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9816-9872. [PMID: 34232033 PMCID: PMC8391798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning models are poised to make a transformative impact on chemical sciences by dramatically accelerating computational algorithms and amplifying insights available from computational chemistry methods. However, achieving this requires a confluence and coaction of expertise in computer science and physical sciences. This Review is written for new and experienced researchers working at the intersection of both fields. We first provide concise tutorials of computational chemistry and machine learning methods, showing how insights involving both can be achieved. We follow with a critical review of noteworthy applications that demonstrate how computational chemistry and machine learning can be used together to provide insightful (and useful) predictions in molecular and materials modeling, retrosyntheses, catalysis, and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Keith
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Valentin Vassilev-Galindo
- Department
of Physics and Materials Science, University
of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Bingqing Cheng
- Accelerate
Programme for Scientific Discovery, Department
of Computer Science and Technology, 15 J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FD, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Chmiela
- Department
of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gastegger
- Department
of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus-Robert Müller
- Machine
Learning Group, Technische Universität
Berlin, 10587, Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Google Research, Brain Team, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandre Tkatchenko
- Department
of Physics and Materials Science, University
of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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7
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Janesko BG. Replacing hybrid density functional theory: motivation and recent advances. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8470-8495. [PMID: 34060549 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01074j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is the most widely-used electronic structure approximation across chemistry, physics, and materials science. Every year, thousands of papers report hybrid DFT simulations of chemical structures, mechanisms, and spectra. Unfortunately, hybrid DFT's accuracy is ultimately limited by tradeoffs between over-delocalization and under-binding. This review summarizes these tradeoffs, and introduces six modern attempts to go beyond them while maintaining hybrid DFT's relatively low computational cost: DFT+U, self-interaction corrections, localized orbital scaling corrections, local hybrid functionals, real-space nondynamical correlation, and our rung-3.5 approach. The review concludes with practical suggestions for DFT users to identify and mitigate these tradeoffs' impact on their simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Janesko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, 2800 S. University Dr, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
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8
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Bajaj A, Kulik HJ. Molecular DFT+U: A Transferable, Low-Cost Approach to Eliminate Delocalization Error. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3633-3640. [PMID: 33826346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While density functional theory (DFT) is widely applied for its combination of cost and accuracy, corrections (e.g., DFT+U) that improve it are often needed to tackle correlated transition-metal chemistry. In principle, the functional form of DFT+U, consisting of a set of localized atomic orbitals (AOs) and a quadratic energy penalty for deviation from integer occupations of those AOs, enables the recovery of the exact conditions of piecewise linearity and the derivative discontinuity. Nevertheless, for practical transition-metal complexes, where both atomic states and ligand orbitals participate in bonding, standard DFT+U can fail to eliminate delocalization error (DE). Here, we show that by introducing an alternative valence-state (i.e., molecular orbital or MO) basis to the DFT+U approach, we recover exact conditions in cases for which standard DFT+U corrections have no error-reducing effect. This MO-based DFT+U also eliminates DE where standard AO-based DFT+U is already successful. We demonstrate the transferability of our approach on representative transition-metal complexes with a range of ligand field strengths, electron configurations (i.e., from Sc to Zn), and spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Bajaj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Nam S, Cho E, Sim E, Burke K. Explaining and Fixing DFT Failures for Torsional Barriers. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2796-2804. [PMID: 33710903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most torsional barriers are predicted with high accuracies (about 1 kJ/mol) by standard semilocal functionals, but a small subset was found to have much larger errors. We created a database of almost 300 carbon-carbon torsional barriers, including 12 poorly behaved barriers, that stem from the Y═C-X group, where Y is O or S and X is a halide. Functionals with enhanced exchange mixing (about 50%) worked well for all barriers. We found that poor actors have delocalization errors caused by hyperconjugation. These problematic calculations are density-sensitive (i.e., DFT predictions change noticeably with the density), and using HF densities (HF-DFT) fixes these issues. For example, conventional B3LYP performs as accurately as exchange-enhanced functionals if the HF density is used. For long-chain conjugated molecules, HF-DFT can be much better than exchange-enhanced functionals. We suggest that HF-PBE0 has the best overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungsoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Eunbyol Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Eunji Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Kieron Burke
- Departments of Chemistry and of Physics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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10
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Nandy A, Chu DBK, Harper DR, Duan C, Arunachalam N, Cytter Y, Kulik HJ. Large-scale comparison of 3d and 4d transition metal complexes illuminates the reduced effect of exchange on second-row spin-state energetics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19326-19341. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02977g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The origin of distinct 3d vs. 4d transition metal complex sensitivity to exchange is explored over a large data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Nandy
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Daniel B. K. Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Daniel R. Harper
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Chenru Duan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Naveen Arunachalam
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Yael Cytter
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Heather J. Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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11
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Liu F, Kulik HJ. Impact of Approximate DFT Density Delocalization Error on Potential Energy Surfaces in Transition Metal Chemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 16:264-277. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J. Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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12
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Zhao Q, Kulik HJ. Stable Surfaces That Bind Too Tightly: Can Range-Separated Hybrids or DFT+U Improve Paradoxical Descriptions of Surface Chemistry? J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5090-5098. [PMID: 31411023 PMCID: PMC6748670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Approximate, semilocal density functional theory (DFT) suffers from delocalization error that can lead to a paradoxical model of catalytic surfaces that both overbind adsorbates yet are also too stable. We investigate the effect of two widely applied approaches for delocalization error correction, (i) affordable DFT+U (i.e., semilocal DFT augmented with a Hubbard U) and (ii) hybrid functionals with an admixture of Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange, on surface and adsorbate energies across a range of rutile transition metal oxides widely studied for their promise as water-splitting catalysts. We observe strongly row- and period-dependent trends with DFT+U, which increases surface formation energies only in early transition metals (e.g., Ti and V) and decreases adsorbate energies only in later transition metals (e.g., Ir and Pt). Both global and local hybrids destabilize surfaces and reduce adsorbate binding across the periodic table, in agreement with higher-level reference calculations. Density analysis reveals why hybrid functionals correct both quantities, whereas DFT+U does not. We recommend local, range-separated hybrids for the accurate modeling of catalysis in transition metal oxides at only a modest increase in computational cost over semilocal DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J. Kulik
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Wang M, John D, Yu J, Proynov E, Liu F, Janesko BG, Kong J. Performance of new density functionals of nondynamic correlation on chemical properties. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5082745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
| | - Dwayne John
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
| | - Jianguo Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
| | - Emil Proynov
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
| | - Fenglai Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Janesko
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, USA
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
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14
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LeBlanc LM, Dale SG, Taylor CR, Becke AD, Day GM, Johnson ER. Pervasive Delocalisation Error Causes Spurious Proton Transfer in Organic Acid-Base Co-Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luc M. LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry; Dalhousie University; P.O. Box 15000, 6274 Coburg Rd Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Stephen G. Dale
- Department of Chemistry; Dalhousie University; P.O. Box 15000, 6274 Coburg Rd Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | | | - Axel D. Becke
- Department of Chemistry; Dalhousie University; P.O. Box 15000, 6274 Coburg Rd Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Graeme M. Day
- School of Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Erin R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry; Dalhousie University; P.O. Box 15000, 6274 Coburg Rd Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
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15
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Janesko BG, Scalmani G, Frisch MJ. Density functionals for nondynamical correlation constructed from an upper bound to the exact exchange energy density. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1535673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Janesko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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16
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LeBlanc LM, Dale SG, Taylor CR, Becke AD, Day GM, Johnson ER. Pervasive Delocalisation Error Causes Spurious Proton Transfer in Organic Acid-Base Co-Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14906-14910. [PMID: 30248221 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Dispersion-corrected density-functional theory (DFT-D) methods have become the workhorse of many computational protocols for molecular crystal structure prediction due to their efficiency and convenience. However, certain limitations of DFT, such as delocalisation error, are often overlooked or are too expensive to remedy in solid-state applications. This error can lead to artificial stabilisation of charge transfer and, in this work, it is found to affect the correct identification of the protonation site in multicomponent acid-base crystals. As such, commonly used DFT-D methods cannot be applied with any reliability to the study of acid-base co-crystals or salts, while hybrid functionals remain too restrictive for routine use. This presents an impetus for the development of new functionals with reduced delocalisation error for solid-state applications; the structures studied herein constitute an excellent benchmark for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc M LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Stephen G Dale
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christopher R Taylor
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Axel D Becke
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Graeme M Day
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Erin R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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17
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Janesko BG, Proynov E, Kong J, Scalmani G, Frisch MJ. Practical Density Functionals beyond the Overdelocalization-Underbinding Zero-Sum Game. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4314-4318. [PMID: 28837338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) uses a density functional approximation (DFA) to add electron correlation to mean-field electronic structure calculations. Standard strategies (generalized gradient approximations GGAs, meta-GGAs, hybrids, etc.) for building DFAs, no matter whether based on exact constraints or empirical parametrization, all face a zero-sum game between overdelocalization (fractional charge error, FC) and underestimation of covalent bonding (fractional spin error, FS). This work presents an alternative strategy. Practical "Rung 3.5" ingredients are used to implement insights from hyper-GGA DFAs that reduce both FS and FC errors. Prototypes of this strategy qualitatively improve FS and FC error over 40 years of standard DFAs while maintaining low cost and practical evaluation of properties. Numerical results ranging from transition metal thermochemistry to absorbance peaks and excited-state geometry optimizations highlight this strategy's promise and indicate areas requiring further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Janesko
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Emil Proynov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University , Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
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