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Banerjee AN, Joo SW. 'Beyond Li-ion technology'-a status review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:472001. [PMID: 39079542 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad690b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Li-ion battery is currently considered to be the most proven technology for energy storage systems when it comes to the overall combination of energy, power, cyclability and cost. However, there are continuous expectations for cost reduction in large-scale applications, especially in electric vehicles and grids, alongside growing concerns over safety, availability of natural resources for lithium, and environmental remediation. Therefore, industry and academia have consequently shifted their focus towards 'beyond Li-ion technologies'. In this respect, other non-Li-based alkali-ion/polyvalent-ion batteries, non-Li-based all solid-state batteries, fluoride-ion/ammonium-ion batteries, redox-flow batteries, sand batteries and hydrogen fuel cells etc. are becoming potential cost-effective alternatives. While there has been notable swift advancement across various materials, chemistries, architectures, and applications in this field, a comprehensive overview encompassing high-energy 'beyond Li-ion' technologies, along with considerations of commercial viability, is currently lacking. Therefore, in this review article, a rationalized approach is adopted to identify notable 'post-Li' candidates. Their pros and cons are comprehensively presented by discussing the fundamental principles in terms of material characteristics, relevant chemistries, and architectural developments that make a good high-energy 'beyond Li' storage system. Furthermore, a concise summary outlining the primary challenges of each system is provided, alongside the potential strategies being implemented to mitigate these issues. Additionally, the extent to which these strategies have positively influenced the performance of these 'post-Li' technologies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Narayan Banerjee
- School of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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2
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Liu D, Kuang Y. Particle-Based Photoelectrodes for PEC Water Splitting: Concepts and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311692. [PMID: 38619834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the intricacies of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting process, specifically focusing on the design, fabrication, and optimization of particle-based photoelectrodes for efficient green hydrogen production. These photoelectrodes, composed of semiconductor materials, potentially harness light energy and generate charge carriers, driving water oxidation and reduction reactions. The versatility of particle-based photoelectrodes as a platform for investigating and enhancing various semiconductor candidates is explored, particularly the emerging complex oxides with compelling charge transfer properties. However, the challenges presented by many factors influencing the performance and stability of these photoelectrodes, including particle size, shape, composition, morphology, surface modification, and electrode configuration, are highlighted. The review introduces the fundamental principles of semiconductor photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting, presents an exhaustive overview of different synthesis methods for semiconductor powders and their assembly into photoelectrodes, and discusses recent advances and challenges in photoelectrode material development. It concludes by offering promising strategies for improving photoelectrode performance and stability, such as the adoption of novel architectures and heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Yongbo Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A)Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Xiang F, Li N, Burguete-Lopez A, He Z, Elizarov M, Fratalocchi A. Light-Induced Quantum Reconfiguration of Oxyhydroxides for Photoanodes with 4.24% Efficiency and Stability Beyond 250 Hours. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405478. [PMID: 39097948 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is attracting significant research interest in addressing sustainable development goals in renewable energy. Current state-of-the-art, however, cannot provide photoanodes with simultaneously high efficiency and long-lasting lifetime. Here, large-scale NiFe oxyhydroxides-alloy hybridized co-catalyst layer that exhibits an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) of 4.24% in buried homojunction-free photoanodes and stability over 250 h is reported. These performances represent an increase over the present highest-performing technology by 408% in stability and the most stable competitor by over 330% in efficiency. These results originate from a previously unexplored mechanism of light-induced atomic reconfiguration, which rapidly self-generates a catalytic-protective amorphous/crystalline heterostructure at low biases. This mechanism provides active sites for reaction and insulates the photoanode from performance degradation. Photon-generated NiFe oxyhydroxides are more than 200% higher than the quantity that pure electrocatalysis would otherwise induce, overcoming the threshold for an efficient water oxidation reaction in the device. While of immediate interest in the industry of water splitting, the light-induced NiFe oxyhydroxides-alloy co-catalyst developed in this work provides a general strategy to enhance further the performances and stability of PEC devices for a vast panorama of chemical reactions, ranging from biomass valorization to organic waste degradation, and CO2-to-fuel conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiang
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ning Li
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arturo Burguete-Lopez
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhao He
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maxim Elizarov
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Fratalocchi
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Dong G, Xie F, Kou F, Chen T, Xiao C, Du S, Liang J, Lou C, Zhuang J. Enhancing photoelectrochemical performance and stability of Ti-doped hematite photoanode via pentanuclear Co-based MOF modification. Front Chem 2024; 12:1454524. [PMID: 39281034 PMCID: PMC11392840 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1454524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Modifying photoanodes with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) cocatalysts has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the efficiency of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. However, designing OER-active MOFs with both high photo- and electrochemical stability remains a challenge, limiting the advancement of this research. Herein, we present a facile method to fabricate a MOF-modified photoanode by directly loading a pentanuclear Co-based MOF (Co-MOF) onto the surface of a Ti-doped hematite photoanode (Ti:Fe2O3). The resulting Co-MOF/Ti:Fe2O3 modified photoanode exhibits an enhanced photocurrent density of 1.80 mA∙cm-2 at 1.23 V, surpassing those of the Ti:Fe2O3 (1.53 mA∙cm-2) and bare Fe2O3 (0.59 mA∙cm-2) counterparts. Additionally, significant enhancements in charge injection and separation efficiencies, applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE), incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE), and donor density (Nd) were observed. Notably, a minimal photocurrent decay of only 5% over 10 h demonstrates the extraordinary stability of the Co-MOF/Ti:Fe2O3 photoanode. This work highlights the efficacy of polynuclear Co-based MOFs as OER cocatalysts in designing efficient and stable photoanodes for PEC water splitting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofa Dong
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fengyan Xie
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fangxia Kou
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caihong Xiao
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaowu Du
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenfang Lou
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Zhuang
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Doo G, Bae H, Park J, Hyun J, Kim I, Lee DW, Oh E, Kim HT. Designing a Schottky Barrier-Free Interface for a Highly Conductive Anode in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:23331-23340. [PMID: 39151059 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Iridium, the most widely used anode catalyst in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), must be used minimally due to its high price and limited supply. However, reducing iridium loading poses challenges due to abnormally large anode polarization. Herein, we present an anode catalyst layer (CL) based on a one-dimensional iridium nanofiber that enables a high current density operation of 3 A cm-2 at 1.86 V, even at an ultralow loading (0.07 mgIr cm-2). The performance is maintained even with a Pt coating-free porous transport layer (PTL) because our nanofiber CL circumvents the interfacial electron transport problem caused by the native oxide on the Ti PTL. We attribute this to the low work function and the low-ionomer-exposed surface of the nanofiber CL, which prevent the formation of Schottky contact at the native oxide interface. These results highlight the significance of optimizing the electronic properties of the CL/PTL interface for low-iridium-loading PEMWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisu Doo
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanmin Bae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesoo Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Hyun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilju Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Euntaek Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Zhao Y, Descamps J, Léger Y, Sojic N, Loget G. Light Conversion by Electrochemiluminescence at Semiconductor Surfaces. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2144-2153. [PMID: 39014959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusElectrochemiluminescence (ECL) is the electrochemical generation of light. It involves an interfacial charge transfer that produces the excited state of a luminophore at the electrode surface. ECL is a powerful readout method that is widely employed for immunoassays and clinical diagnostics and is progressively evolving into a microscopy technique. On the other hand, photoelectrochemistry at illuminated semiconductors is a field of research that deals with the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers at the solid-liquid interface. This concept offers several advantages such as a considerable lowering of the onset potential required for triggering an electrochemical reaction as well as light addressable chemistry, via the spatial confinement of redox reactions at locally illuminated semiconductor electrodes. The combination of ECL with photoelectrochemistry at illuminated semiconductors is termed photoinduced ECL (PECL). It deals with the triggering of an ECL reaction through the transfer of photogenerated minority charge carriers at the illuminated solid/liquid interface. PECL results in the conversion of incident photons (λexc), that are absorbed by the semiconductor photoelectrode to emitted photons (λPECL), produced by the ECL reaction. Although demonstrated in the 1970s by Bard et al. in ultradry organic solvents, PECL remained unexplored until the last five years. Nowadays, as a result of the considerable progress achieved in semiconductor photoelectrodes and ECL systems, a large variety of PECL systems can be designed by combining photoelectrode materials with ECL luminophores, making it a versatile tool for light conversion in aqueous media.In this Account, we introduce the fundamentals of ECL and photoelectrochemistry at illuminated semiconductors and review the recent developments in PECL. We discuss the two main PECL light conversion schemes: downconversion (where λexc < λPECL) and upconversion (where λexc > λPECL). Besides, PECL can be used to simplify considerably the common electrochemical setups employed for ECL. Indeed, by engineering the photoelectrode material and carefully considering the reactivity involved for ECL and its counter-reaction, PECL enables the ultimate concept of all-optical ECL (AO-ECL), i.e., ECL generation at an illuminated monolithic device immersed into the electrolyte solution. As discussed in this Account, AO-ECL is an important breakthrough that allows the simplest ECL experimental configuration ever reported, eliminating constraints such as an electrical power supply, wires, electrodes, connections, and specific electrochemical knowledge. As shown at the end of this Account, due to the robustness of recently manufactured PECL systems, several applications can already be envisioned for microscopy, elucidation of solar conversion mechanisms, near-infrared imaging, and bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, Rennes 35000, France
| | - J Descamps
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Y Léger
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - N Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France
| | - G Loget
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France
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Wei S, Xia X, Bi S, Hu S, Wu X, Hsu HY, Zou X, Huang K, Zhang DW, Sun Q, Bard AJ, Yu ET, Ji L. Metal-insulator-semiconductor photoelectrodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6860-6916. [PMID: 38833171 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00820g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting provides a scalable and integrated platform to harness renewable solar energy for green hydrogen production. The practical implementation of PEC systems hinges on addressing three critical challenges: enhancing energy conversion efficiency, ensuring long-term stability, and achieving economic viability. Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) heterojunction photoelectrodes have gained significant attention over the last decade for their ability to efficiently segregate photogenerated carriers and mitigate corrosion-induced semiconductor degradation. This review discusses the structural composition and interfacial intricacies of MIS photoelectrodes tailored for PEC water splitting. The application of MIS heterostructures across various semiconductor light-absorbing layers, including traditional photovoltaic-grade semiconductors, metal oxides, and emerging materials, is presented first. Subsequently, this review elucidates the reaction mechanisms and respective merits of vacuum and non-vacuum deposition techniques in the fabrication of the insulator layers. In the context of the metal layers, this review extends beyond the conventional scope, not only by introducing metal-based cocatalysts, but also by exploring the latest advancements in molecular and single-atom catalysts integrated within MIS photoelectrodes. Furthermore, a systematic summary of carrier transfer mechanisms and interface design principles of MIS photoelectrodes is presented, which are pivotal for optimizing energy band alignment and enhancing solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency within the PEC system. Finally, this review explores innovative derivative configurations of MIS photoelectrodes, including back-illuminated MIS photoelectrodes, inverted MIS photoelectrodes, tandem MIS photoelectrodes, and monolithically integrated wireless MIS photoelectrodes. These novel architectures address the limitations of traditional MIS structures by effectively coupling different functional modules, minimizing optical and ohmic losses, and mitigating recombination losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shice Wei
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuewen Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Shuai Bi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shen Hu
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xingli Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - David W Zhang
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qinqqing Sun
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Allen J Bard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78713, USA
| | - Edward T Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78758, USA.
| | - Li Ji
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Dong WJ, Ye Z, Tang S, Navid IA, Xiao Y, Zhang B, Pan Y, Mi Z. Concentrated Solar Light Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting for Stable and High-Yield Hydrogen Production. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309548. [PMID: 38460173 PMCID: PMC11234434 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising technique for converting solar energy into low-cost and eco-friendly H2 fuel. However, the production rate of H2 is limited by the insufficient number of photogenerated charge carriers in the conventional photoelectrodes under 1 sun (100 mW cm-2) light. Concentrated solar light irradiation can overcome the issue of low yield, but it leads to a new challenge of stability because the accelerated reaction alters the surface chemical composition of photoelectrodes. Here, it is demonstrated that loading Pt nanoparticles (NPs) on single crystalline GaN nanowires (NWs) grown on n+-p Si photoelectrode operates efficiently and stably under concentrated solar light. Although a large number of Pt NPs detach during the initial reaction due to H2 gas bubbling, some Pt NPs which have an epitaxial relation with GaN NWs remain stably anchored. In addition, the stability of the photoelectrode further improves by redepositing Pt NPs on the reacted Pt/GaN surface, which results in maintaining onset potential >0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and photocurrent density >60 mA cm-2 for over 1500 h. The heterointerface between Pt cocatalysts and single crystalline GaN nanostructures shows great potential in designing an efficient and stable photoelectrode for high-yield solar to H2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Jae Dong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Michigan1301 Beal AvenueAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Zhengwei Ye
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Michigan1301 Beal AvenueAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Songtao Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Michigan1301 Beal AvenueAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Ishtiaque Ahmed Navid
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Michigan1301 Beal AvenueAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Yixin Xiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Michigan1301 Beal AvenueAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Bingxing Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Michigan1301 Beal AvenueAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Yuyang Pan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Michigan1301 Beal AvenueAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Michigan1301 Beal AvenueAnn ArborMI48109USA
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Werner V, Lora FB, Chai Z, Hörndl J, Praxmair J, Luber S, Haussener S, Pokrant S. Stability and degradation of (oxy)nitride photocatalysts for solar water splitting. RSC SUSTAINABILITY 2024; 2:1738-1752. [PMID: 38845685 PMCID: PMC11152140 DOI: 10.1039/d4su00096j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Advancing towards alternative technologies for the sustainable production of hydrogen is a necessity for the successful integration of this potentially green fuel in the future. Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting are promising concepts in this context. Over the past decades, researchers have successfully explored several materials classes, such as oxides, nitrides, and oxynitrides, in their quest for suitable photocatalysts with a focus on reaching higher efficiencies. However, to pave the way towards practicability, understanding degradation processes and reaching stability is essential, a domain where research has been scarcer. This perspective aims at providing an overview on recent progress concerning stability and degradation with a focus on (oxy)nitride photocatalysts and at providing insights into the opportunities and challenges coming along with the investigation of degradation processes and the attempts to improve the stability of photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Werner
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris Lodron University Salzburg Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2A 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Franky Bedoya Lora
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ziwei Chai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Julian Hörndl
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris Lodron University Salzburg Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2A 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Jakob Praxmair
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris Lodron University Salzburg Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2A 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sophia Haussener
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Simone Pokrant
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris Lodron University Salzburg Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2A 5020 Salzburg Austria
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10
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Zhao Y, Sépulveda B, Descamps J, Faye F, Duque M, Esteve J, Santinacci L, Sojic N, Loget G, Léger Y. Near-IR Photoinduced Electrochemiluminescence Imaging with Structured Silicon Photoanodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11722-11729. [PMID: 38393292 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) imaging devices that convert IR irradiation (invisible to the human eye) to a visible signal are based on solid-state components. Here, we introduce an alternative concept based on light-addressable electrochemistry (i.e., electrochemistry spatially confined under the action of a light stimulus) that involves the use of a liquid electrolyte. In this method, the projection of a near-IR image (λexc = 850 or 840 nm) onto a photoactive Si-based photoanode, immersed into a liquid phase, triggers locally the photoinduced electrochemiluminescence (PECL) of the efficient [Ru(bpy)3]2+-TPrA system. This leads to the local conversion of near-IR light to visible (λPECL = 632 nm) light. We demonstrate that compared to planar Si photoanodes, the use of a micropillar Si array leads to a large enhancement of local light generation and considerably improves the resolution of the PECL image by preventing photogenerated minority carriers from diffusing laterally. These results are important for the design of original light conversion devices and can lead to important applications in photothermal imaging and analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhao
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, Rennes 35000, France
| | - Borja Sépulveda
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Julie Descamps
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Fatoumata Faye
- INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR6082, Univ Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Marcos Duque
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jaume Esteve
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, Rennes 35000, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Yoan Léger
- INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR6082, Univ Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
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11
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Vilanova A, Dias P, Lopes T, Mendes A. The route for commercial photoelectrochemical water splitting: a review of large-area devices and key upscaling challenges. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2388-2434. [PMID: 38288870 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01069g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Green-hydrogen is considered a "key player" in the energy market for the upcoming decades. Among currently available hydrogen (H2) production processes, photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has one of the lowest environmental impacts. However, it still presents prohibitively high production costs compared to more mature technologies, such as steam methane reforming. Therefore, the competitiveness of PEC water splitting must rely on its environmental and functional advantages, which are strongly linked to the reactor design, to the intrinsic properties of its components, and to their successful upscaling. This review gives special attention to the engineering aspects and categorizes PEC devices into four main types, according to the configuration of electrodes and strategies for gas separation: wired back-to-back, wireless back-to-back, wired side-by-side, and wired separated electrode membrane-free. Independently of the device architecture, the use of concentrated sunlight was found to be mandatory for achieving competitive green-H2 production. Additionally, feasible strategies for upscaling the key components of PEC devices, especially photoelectrodes, are urgently needed. In a pragmatic context, the way to move forward is to accept that PEC devices will operate close to their thermodynamic limits at large-scale, which requires a solid convergence between academics and industry. Research efforts must be redirected to: (i) build and demonstrate modular devices with a low-cost and highly recyclable embodiment; (ii) optimize thermal and power management; (iii) reduce ohmic losses; (iv) enhance the chemical stability towards a thousand hours; (v) couple solar concentrators with PEC devices; (vi) boost PEC-H2 production through the use of organic compounds; and (vii) reach consensual standardized methods for evaluating PEC devices, at both environmental and techno-economic levels. If these targets are not met in the next few years, the feasibility of PEC-H2 production and its acceptance by industry and by the general public will be seriously compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Vilanova
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paula Dias
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Lopes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Adélio Mendes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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12
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Liu C, Li F, Wang L, Li Z, Zhao Y, Li Y, Li W, Zhao Z, Fan K, Li F, Sun L. Polymeric viologen-based electron transfer mediator for improving the photoelectrochemical water splitting on Sb 2Se 3 photocathode. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:291-299. [PMID: 38933506 PMCID: PMC11197680 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The photogenerated charge carrier separation and transportation of inside photocathodes can greatly influence the performance of photoelectrochemical (PEC) H2 production devices. Coupling TiO2 with p-type semiconductors to construct heterojunction structures is one of the most widely used strategies to facilitate charge separation and transportation. However, the band position of TiO2 could not perfectly match with all p-type semiconductors. Here, taking antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) as an example, a rational strategy was developed by introducing a viologen electron transfer mediator (ETM) containing polymeric film (poly-1,1'-dially-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium, denoted as PV2+) at the interface between Sb2Se3 and TiO2 to regulate the energy band alignment, which could inhibit the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers of interfaces. With Pt as a catalyst, the constructed Sb2Se3/PV2+/TiO2/Pt photocathode showed a superior PEC hydrogen generation activity with a photocurrent density of -18.6 mA cm-2 vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a half-cell solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (HC-STH) of 1.54% at 0.17 V vs. RHE, which was much better than that of the related Sb2Se3/TiO2/Pt photocathode without PV2+ (-9.8 mA cm-2, 0.51% at 0.10 V vs. RHE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Institute for Energy Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fusheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Institute for Energy Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Linqin Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zeju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Institute for Energy Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yilong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Institute for Energy Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yingzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Institute for Energy Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Institute for Energy Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ziqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Institute for Energy Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ke Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Institute for Energy Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Institute for Energy Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Institute for Energy Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
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13
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Alruwaili M, Roy A, Alhabradi M, Yang X, Chang H, Tahir AA. Heterostructured WO 3-TiVO 4 thin-film photocatalyst for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25446. [PMID: 38322971 PMCID: PMC10844574 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting via solar irradiation has garnered significant interest due to its potential in large-scale renewable hydrogen production. Heterostructure materials have emerged as an effective strategy, demonstrating enhanced performance in photoelectrochemical water-splitting applications compared to individual photocatalysts. In this study, to augment the performance of sprayed TiVO4 thin films, a hydrothermally prepared WO3 underlayer was integrated beneath the spray pyrolised TiVO4 film. The consequent heterostructure demonstrated notable enhancements in optical, structural, microstructural attributes, and photocurrent properties. This improvement is attributed to the strategic deposition of WO3 underlayer, forming a heterostructure composite electrode. This led to a marked increase in photocurrent density for the WO3/TiVO4 photoanode, reaching a peak of 740 μA/cm2 at an applied potential of 1.23 V vs RHE, about nine-fold that of standalone TiVO4. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed a reduced semicircle for the heterostructure, indicating improved charge transfer compared to bare TiVO4. The heterostructure photoelectrode exhibited enhanced charge carrier conductivity at the interface and sustained stability over 3 h. The distinct attributes of heterostructure photoelectrode present significant opportunities for devising highly efficient sunlight-driven water-splitting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alruwaili
- Solar Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
- Physics Department, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anurag Roy
- Solar Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Mansour Alhabradi
- Solar Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiuru Yang
- Solar Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Engineering, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Asif Ali Tahir
- Solar Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
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14
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Zhou J, Cheng H, Cheng J, Wang L, Xu H. The Emergence of High-Performance Conjugated Polymer/Inorganic Semiconductor Hybrid Photoelectrodes for Solar-Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300418. [PMID: 37421184 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion holds great potential in converting solar energy into storable and transportable chemicals or fuels, providing a viable route toward a carbon-neutral society. Conjugated polymers are rapidly emerging as a new class of materials for PEC water splitting. They exhibit many intriguing properties including tunable electronic structures through molecular engineering, excellent light harvesting capability with high absorption coefficients, and facile fabrication of large-area thin films via solution processing. Recent advances have indicated that integrating rationally designed conjugated polymers with inorganic semiconductors is a promising strategy for fabricating efficient and stable hybrid photoelectrodes for high-efficiency PEC water splitting. This review introduces the history of developing conjugated polymers for PEC water splitting. Notable examples of utilizing conjugated polymers to broaden the light absorption range, improve stability, and enhance the charge separation efficiency of hybrid photoelectrodes are highlighted. Furthermore, key challenges and future research opportunities for further improvements are also presented. This review provides an up-to-date overview of fabricating stable and high-efficiency PEC devices by integrating conjugated polymers with state-of-the-art semiconductors and would have significant implications for the broad solar-to-chemical energy conversion research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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15
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Gao L, Wang J, Niu H, Jin J, Ma J. Interfacial Se-O Bonds Modulating Spatial Charge Distribution in FeSe 2/Nb:Fe 2O 3 with Rapid Hole Extraction for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38032026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface engineering is an effective strategy to improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalytic activity of hematite, and the defect states with abundant coordinative unsaturation atoms can serve as anchoring sites for constructing intimate connections between semiconductors. On this basis, we anchored an ultrathin FeSe2 layer on Nb5+-doped Fe2O3 (FeSe2/Nb:Fe2O3) via interfacial Se-O chemical bonds to tune the surface potential. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that amorphous FeSe2 decoration could generate electron delocalization over the composite photoanodes so that the electron mobility was improved to a large extent. Furthermore, electrons could be transferred via the newly formed Se-O bonds at the interface and holes were collected at the surface of electrode for PEC water oxidation. The desired charge redistribution is in favor of suppressing charge recombination and extracting effective holes. Later, work function calculations and Mott-Schottky (M-S) plots demonstrate that a type-II heterojunction was formed in FeSe2/Nb:Fe2O3, which further expedited carrier separation. Except for spatial carrier modulation, the amorphous FeSe2 layer also provided abundant active sites for intermediates adsorption according to the d band center results. In consequence, the target photoanodes attained an improved photocurrent density of 2.42 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), 2.5 times as that of the bare Fe2O3. This study proposed a defect-anchoring method to grow a close-connected layer via interfacial chemical bonds and revealed the spatial charge distribution effects of FeSe2 on Nb:Fe2O3, giving insights into rational designation in composite photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), The Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), The Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), The Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), The Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jiantai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), The Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, Gansu, P. R. China
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16
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Descamps J, Zhao Y, Le-Pouliquen J, Goudeau B, Garrigue P, Tavernier K, Léger Y, Loget G, Sojic N. Local reactivity of metal-insulator-semiconductor photoanodes imaged by photoinduced electrochemiluminescence microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12262-12265. [PMID: 37753612 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Localized photoinduced electrochemiluminescence (PECL) is studied on photoanodes composed of Ir microbands deposited on n-Si/SiOx. We demonstrate that PECL microscopy precisely imaged the hole-driven heterogeneous photoelectrochemical reactivity. The method is promising for elucidating the local activity of photoelectrodes that are employed in solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Descamps
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France.
| | - Yiran Zhao
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
| | - Julie Le-Pouliquen
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR 6082, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France.
| | - Patrick Garrigue
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France.
| | - Karine Tavernier
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR 6082, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Yoan Léger
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR 6082, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France.
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17
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Ho HC, Smiljanić M, Jovanović Z, Čekada M, Kovač J, Koster G, Hlinka J, Hodnik N, Spreitzer M. Robust SrTiO 3 Passivation of Silicon Photocathode by Reduced Graphene Oxide for Solar Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44482-44492. [PMID: 37695941 PMCID: PMC10520914 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Development of a robust photocathode using low-cost and high-performing materials, e.g., p-Si, to produce clean fuel hydrogen has remained challenging since the semiconductor substrate is easily susceptible to (photo)corrosion under photoelectrochemical (PEC) operational conditions. A protective layer over the substrate to simultaneously provide corrosion resistance and maintain efficient charge transfer across the device is therefore needed. To this end, in the present work, we utilized pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to prepare a high-quality SrTiO3 (STO) layer to passivate the p-Si substrate using a buffer layer of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Specifically, a very thin (3.9 nm ∼10 unit cells) STO layer epitaxially overgrown on rGO-buffered Si showed the highest onset potential (0.326 V vs RHE) in comparison to the counterparts with thicker and/or nonepitaxial STO. The photovoltage, flat-band potential, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed that the epitaxial photocathode was more beneficial for charge separation, charge transfer, and targeted redox reaction than the nonepitaxial one. The STO/rGO/Si with a smooth and highly epitaxial STO layer outperforming the directly contacted STO/Si with a textured and polycrystalline STO layer showed the importance of having a well-defined passivation layer. In addition, the numerous pinholes formed in the directly contacted STO/Si led to the rapid degradation of the photocathode during the PEC measurements. The stability tests demonstrated the soundness of the epitaxial STO layer in passivating Si against corrosion. This study provided a facile approach for preparing a robust protection layer over a photoelectrode substrate in realizing an efficient and, at the same time, durable PEC device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chia Ho
- Advanced
Materials Department, Jožef Stefan
Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milutin Smiljanić
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zoran Jovanović
- Advanced
Materials Department, Jožef Stefan
Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory
of Physics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National
Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University
of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miha Čekada
- Department
of Thin Films and Surfaces, Jožef
Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Kovač
- Department
of Surface Engineering, Jožef Stefan
Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gertjan Koster
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, Enschede 7522, NB, The Netherlands
| | - Jiří Hlinka
- Department
of Dielectrics, Institute of Physics of
the Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague, Czech
Republic
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Spreitzer
- Advanced
Materials Department, Jožef Stefan
Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Zhao Y, Descamps J, Al Hoda Al Bast N, Duque M, Esteve J, Sepulveda B, Loget G, Sojic N. All-Optical Electrochemiluminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17420-17426. [PMID: 37498003 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is widely employed for medical diagnosis and imaging. Despite its remarkable analytical performances, the technique remains intrinsically limited by the essential need for an external power supply and electrical wires for electrode connections. Here, we report an electrically autonomous solution leading to a paradigm change by designing a fully integrated all-optical wireless monolithic photoelectrochemical device based on a nanostructured Si photovoltaic junction modified with catalytic coatings. Under illumination with light ranging from visible to near-infrared, photogenerated holes induce the oxidation of the ECL reagents and thus the emission of visible ECL photons. The blue ECL emission is easily viewed with naked eyes and recorded with a smartphone. A new light emission scheme is thus introduced where the ECL emission energy (2.82 eV) is higher than the excitation energy (1.18 eV) via an intermediate electrochemical process. In addition, the mapping of the photoelectrochemical activity by optical microscopy reveals the minority carrier interfacial transfer mechanism at the nanoscale. This breakthrough provides an all-optical strategy for generalizing ECL without the need for electrochemical setups, electrodes, wiring constraints, and specific electrochemical knowledge. This simplest ECL configuration reported so far opens new opportunities to develop imaging and wireless bioanalytical systems such as portable point-of-care sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhao
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, Rennes 35000, France
| | - Julie Descamps
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Nour Al Hoda Al Bast
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Marcos Duque
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jaume Esteve
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Borja Sepulveda
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, Rennes 35000, France
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France
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19
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Alruwaili M, Roy A, Alhabradi M, Yang X, Tahir AA. Synergistic Photoelectrochemical and Photocatalytic Properties of the Cobalt Nanoparticles-Embedded TiVO 4 Thin Film. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27067-27078. [PMID: 37546630 PMCID: PMC10398684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the semiconductor properties of TiVO4 thin films and enhance their performance, we incorporated cobalt nanoparticles as an effective co-catalyst consisting of a non-noble metal. Through an investigation into the impact of cobalt loading on spray pyrolyzed TiVO4 thin films, we observed a significant enhancement in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. This was accomplished by carefully optimizing the concentrations of Co2+ (3 mM) to fabricate a composite electrode, resulting in a higher photocurrent density for the TiVO4:Co photoanode. When an applied potential of 1.23 V (vs RHE) was used, the photocurrent density reached 450 μA/cm2, approximately 5 times higher than that of bare TiVO4. We conducted a thorough characterization of the composite structure and optical properties. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis indicated that the TiVO4/Co thin film exhibited a smaller semicircle, indicating a significant improvement in charge transfer at the interface. In comparison to bare TiVO4, the TiVO4/Co composite exhibited a notable improvement in photocatalytic activity when degrading methylene blue (MB) dye, a widely employed model dye. Under light illumination, a TiVO4/Co thin film exhibited a notable dye degradation rate of 97% within a 45 min duration. The scalability of our fabrication method makes it suitable for large-area devices intended for sunlight-driven PEC seawater splitting studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alruwaili
- Solar
Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty
of Environment, Science and Economy, University
of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, U.K.
- Physics
Department, Faculty of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anurag Roy
- Solar
Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty
of Environment, Science and Economy, University
of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, U.K.
| | - Mansour Alhabradi
- Solar
Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty
of Environment, Science and Economy, University
of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Majmaah
University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiuru Yang
- Solar
Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty
of Environment, Science and Economy, University
of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, U.K.
| | - Asif Ali Tahir
- Solar
Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty
of Environment, Science and Economy, University
of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, U.K.
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20
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Liu B, Wang S, Zhang G, Gong Z, Wu B, Wang T, Gong J. Tandem cells for unbiased photoelectrochemical water splitting. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37325843 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00145h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is an essential energy carrier which will address the challenges posed by the energy crisis and climate change. Photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC) is an important method for producing solar-powered hydrogen. The PEC tandem configuration harnesses sunlight as the exclusive energy source to drive both the hydrogen (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER), simultaneously. Therefore, PEC tandem cells have been developed and gained tremendous interest in recent decades. This review describes the current status of the development of tandem cells for unbiased photoelectrochemical water splitting. The basic principles and prerequisites for constructing PEC tandem cells are introduced first. We then review various single photoelectrodes for use in water reduction or oxidation, and highlight the current state-of-the-art discoveries. Second, a close look into recent developments of PEC tandem cells in water splitting is provided. Finally, a perspective on the key challenges and prospects for the development of tandem cells for unbiased PEC water splitting are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shujie Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zichen Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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21
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King AJ, Weber AZ, Bell AT. Theory and Simulation of Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) Photoelectrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23024-23039. [PMID: 37154402 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure is an attractive photoelectrode-catalyst architecture for promoting photoelectrochemical reactions, such as the formation of H2 by proton reduction. The metal catalyzes the generation of H2 using electrons generated by photon absorption and charge separation in the semiconductor. The insulator layer between the metal and the semiconductor protects the latter element from photo-corrosion and, also, significantly impacts the photovoltage at the metal surface. Understanding how the insulator layer determines the photovoltage and what properties lead to high photovoltages is critical to the development of MIS structures for solar-to-chemical energy conversion. Herein, we present a continuum model for charge-carrier transport from the semiconductor to the metal with an emphasis on mechanisms of charge transport across the insulator. The polarization curves and photovoltages predicted by this model for a Pt/HfO2/p-Si MIS structure at different HfO2 thicknesses agree well with experimentally measured data. The simulations reveal how insulator properties (i.e., thickness and band structure) affect band bending near the semiconductor/insulator interface and how tuning them can lead to operation closer to the maximally attainable photovoltage, the flat-band potential. This phenomenon is understood by considering the change in tunneling resistance with insulator properties. The model shows that the best MIS performance is attained with highly symmetric semiconductor/insulator band offsets (e.g., BeO, MgO, SiO2, HfO2, or ZrO2 deposited on Si) and a low to moderate insulator thickness (e.g., between 0.8 and 1.5 nm). Beyond 1.5 nm, the density of filled interfacial trap sites is high and significantly limits the photovoltage and the solar-to-chemical conversion rate. These conclusions are true for photocathodes and photoanodes. This understanding provides critical insight into the phenomena enhancing and limiting photoelectrode performance and how this phenomenon is influenced by insulator properties. The study gives guidance toward the development of next-generation insulators for MIS structures that achieve high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J King
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Z Weber
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexis T Bell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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22
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Wang Q, Liu J, Li Q, Yang J. Stability of Photocathodes: A Review on Principles, Design, and Strategies. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202186. [PMID: 36789473 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical devices based on semiconductor photoelectrode can directly convert and store solar energy into chemical fuels. Although the efficient photoelectrodes with commercially valuable solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency have been reported over past decades, one of the most enormous challenges is the stability of the photoelectrode due to corrosion during operation. Thus, it is of paramount importance for developing a stable photoelectrode to deploy solar-fuel production. This Review commences with a fundamental understanding of thermodynamics for photoelectrochemical reactions and the fundamentals of photocathodes. Then, the commercial application of photoelectrochemical technology is prospected. We specifically focus on recent strategies for designing photocathodes with long-term stability, including energy band alignment, hole transport/storage/blocking layer, spatial decoupling, grafting molecular catalysts, protective/passivation layer, surface element reconstruction, and solvent effects. Based on the insights gained from these effective strategies, we propose an outlook of key aspects that address the challenges for development of stable photoelectrodes in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Qiuye Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
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23
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Xiao Y, Kong X, Vanka S, Dong WJ, Zeng G, Ye Z, Sun K, Navid IA, Zhou B, Toma FM, Guo H, Mi Z. Oxynitrides enabled photoelectrochemical water splitting with over 3,000 hrs stable operation in practical two-electrode configuration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2047. [PMID: 37041153 PMCID: PMC10090041 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar photoelectrochemical reactions have been considered one of the most promising paths for sustainable energy production. To date, however, there has been no demonstration of semiconductor photoelectrodes with long-term stable operation in a two-electrode configuration, which is required for any practical application. Herein, we demonstrate the stable operation of a photocathode comprising Si and GaN, the two most produced semiconductors in the world, for 3,000 hrs without any performance degradation in two-electrode configurations. Measurements in both three- and two-electrode configurations suggest that surfaces of the GaN nanowires on Si photocathode transform in situ into Ga-O-N that drastically enhances hydrogen evolution and remains stable for 3,000 hrs. First principles calculations further revealed that the in-situ Ga-O-N species exhibit atomic-scale surface metallization. This study overcomes the conventional dilemma between efficiency and stability imposed by extrinsic cocatalysts, offering a path for practical application of photoelectrochemical devices and systems for clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xianghua Kong
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Srinivas Vanka
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wan Jae Dong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Guosong Zeng
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zhengwei Ye
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ishtiaque Ahmed Navid
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Baowen Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Francesca M Toma
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2T8, Canada.
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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24
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Lu X, Xie J, Wang L, Ren J, Yang S, Yang Q, Wang S, Huang C, Yang P. CuBi2O4/CuO Heterojunction Coated with Electrodeposited ZnO Overlayer for Stable Solar Hydrogen Evolution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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25
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Wang P, Ding C, Deng Y, Chi H, Zheng H, Liu L, Li H, Wu Y, Liu X, Shi J, Li C. Simultaneous Improvement in Hole Storage and Interfacial Catalysis over Ni–Fe Oxyhydroxide-Modified Tantalum Nitride Photoanodes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunmei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haibing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongkuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jingying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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26
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Wang X, Zhang G, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhao C, Pei C, Deng H, Han W, Wang T, Gong J. Scaling-Up of Thin-Film Photoelectrodes for Solar Water Splitting Based on Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:1138-1147. [PMID: 36538571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is an established method to prepare protective layers for Si-based photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Although ALD has been widely used in microelectronics and photovoltaics, it remains a great challenge to design simple and effective ALD systems to deposit large and uniform protective films for Si-based photoelectrodes with industrial sizes. This paper describes the design and realization of a simple ALD chamber configuration for photoelectrodes with large sizes, in which the influence of a gas redistributor over the gas flow and heat transfer during film growth was revealed by computational fluid dynamics simulations and experimental investigations. A simple circular baffle-type redistributor was proposed to establish a uniform gas flow field throughout the ALD reactor, resulting in a uniform temperature profile. With this simple baffle redistributor, the large-area Al2O3 monitor film (46 nm thickness) reached a good nonuniformity (Nu %) of 0.88% over a large area of 256 cm2. This design enables the fabrication of large-scale photocathodes from standard industrial-grade 166 mm Si(100) wafers (276 cm2) by depositing 50 nm TiO2 protective films with Nu % less than 5%. The obtained photocathode achieves a saturation current of 6.45 A with a hydrogen production rate of 43.2 mL/min under outdoor illumination. This work elucidates how flow pattern and heat transfer may influence the deposition of protective layers over large photoelectrodes, providing guidance for future industrial applications of PEC water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yixian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chengjie Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chunlei Pei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hao Deng
- LONGi Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Wei Han
- LONGi Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, Fujian 350207, China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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27
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Lee M, Haas S, Smirnov V, Merdzhanova T, Rau U. Scalable Photovoltaic‐Electrochemical Cells for Hydrogen Production from Water ‐ Recent Advances. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoh Lee
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung (IEK-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Stefan Haas
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung (IEK-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Vladimir Smirnov
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung (IEK-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Tsvetelina Merdzhanova
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung (IEK-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Uwe Rau
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung (IEK-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Germany
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology RWTH Aachen University Mies-van-der-Rohe-Straße 15 52074 Aachen Germany
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28
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Chertkova VP, Iskortseva AN, Pazhetnov EM, Arkharova NA, Ryazantsev SV, Levin EE, Nikitina VA. Evaluation of the Efficiency of Photoelectrochemical Activity Enhancement for the Nanostructured LaFeO 3 Photocathode by Surface Passivation and Co-Catalyst Deposition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234327. [PMID: 36500950 PMCID: PMC9741200 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-type lanthanum iron oxide, LaFeO3, is a promising photocathode material that can achieve water splitting under visible light. However, the performance of this photoelectrode material is limited by significant electron-hole recombination. In this work, we explore different strategies to optimize the activity of a nanostructured porous LaFeO3 film, which demonstrates enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity due to the reduced diffusion length of the charge carriers. We found that surface passivation is not an efficient approach for enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of LaFeO3, as it is sufficiently stable under photoelectrocatalytic conditions. Instead, the deposition of a Pt co-catalyst was shown to be essential for maximizing the photoelectrochemical activity both in hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions. Illumination-induced band edge unpinning was found to be a major challenge for the further development of LaFeO3 photocathodes for water-splitting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra N. Iskortseva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Egor M. Pazhetnov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | | | - Sergey V. Ryazantsev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Eduard E. Levin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Victoria A. Nikitina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
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29
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Alruwaili M, Roy A, Nundy S, Tahir AA. Fabrication of TiVO 4 photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical application. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34640-34651. [PMID: 36545617 PMCID: PMC9717350 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05894d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is one of the promising, environmentally friendly, carbon emission-free strategies for the cost-effective production of hydrogen. The interest in developing effective approaches for solar-to-hydrogen production with stable and visible light active semiconductors directed many researchers to develop stable and efficient materials. For the first time, a nanostructured TiVO4 photoanode was fabricated at a substrate temperature of 250 °C and further annealed at 600 °C using the spray pyrolysis technique and it obtained an optical band gap of ∼2.18 eV. The photoanode underwent photoelectrochemical testing, where it exhibited a high photocurrent density of 0.080 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode), which can be stable up to 110 min. Further, various physicochemical characterizations were employed to understand the phase purity and thin film growth mechanism. A systematic substrate and annealed temperatures were monitored during the fabrication process. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed agglomeration of TiVO4 nanoparticles with an average size of ∼100 nm accompanying dendritic orientation at the outer edge. This study envisages the design and development of a novel photocatalyst for water splitting under visible light irradiation, an ideal route to a cost-effective, large-scale, sustainable route for hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alruwaili
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter Penryn TR10 9FE UK
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Jouf University PO Box 2014 Sakaka 42421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Anurag Roy
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter Penryn TR10 9FE UK
| | - Srijita Nundy
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter Penryn TR10 9FE UK
| | - Asif Ali Tahir
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter Penryn TR10 9FE UK
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30
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Reyes Cruz EA, Nishiori D, Wadsworth BL, Nguyen NP, Hensleigh LK, Khusnutdinova D, Beiler AM, Moore GF. Molecular-Modified Photocathodes for Applications in Artificial Photosynthesis and Solar-to-Fuel Technologies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16051-16109. [PMID: 36173689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nature offers inspiration for developing technologies that integrate the capture, conversion, and storage of solar energy. In this review article, we highlight principles of natural photosynthesis and artificial photosynthesis, drawing comparisons between solar energy transduction in biology and emerging solar-to-fuel technologies. Key features of the biological approach include use of earth-abundant elements and molecular interfaces for driving photoinduced charge separation reactions that power chemical transformations at global scales. For the artificial systems described in this review, emphasis is placed on advancements involving hybrid photocathodes that power fuel-forming reactions using molecular catalysts interfaced with visible-light-absorbing semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A Reyes Cruz
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Daiki Nishiori
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Brian L Wadsworth
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Nghi P Nguyen
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Lillian K Hensleigh
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Diana Khusnutdinova
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Anna M Beiler
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - G F Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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31
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of WO3 photoanodes on different conductive substrates: The interfacial charge transport between semiconductor particles and Ti surface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Yuan Y, Zhong B, Li F, Wu H, Liu J, Yang H, Zhao L, Sun Y, Zhang P, Gao L. Surface phosphorization for the enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of an Fe 2O 3/Si photocathode. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11261-11269. [PMID: 35880553 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02693g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal phosphates (TMPs) are regarded as efficient co-catalysts for photoanodes, but they are rarely applied in hydrogen production reactions. In this work, iron phosphate (FePi), a co-catalyst for hydrogen production, is introduced onto the Fe2O3 surface by facile surface phosphorization under low-temperature conditions. The surface FePi leads to a shift of the onset potential by +201 mV and an increase in the photocurrent density by more than 10 mA cm-2 at 0 VRHE for the Fe2O3/p-Si photocathode in a strong alkaline electrolyte. The role of FePi stems from the smaller transfer resistance, efficient photogenerated carrier separation and electron injection, and preferable H* adsorption energy, as suggested by Kelvin probe force microscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The surface phosphorization presents a facile and attractive strategy for the treatment of transition metal oxide catalyzed photocathodes for green hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Boan Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Feng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hongmei Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai 200240, China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yanting Sun
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 11419 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lian Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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33
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Liu C, Wang Z, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Su J. Photo/thermal Dual‐Activation Improves the Photocurrent of Bismuth Vanadate for PEC Water Splitting. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- China Three Gorges Corporation Institute of Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University International Research Center for Renewable Energy CHINA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University International Research Center for Renewable Energy CHINA
| | - Jinzhan Su
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University 28# Xianning West RoadXi’an Jiaotong University 710049 Xi'an CHINA
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34
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Stable solar water splitting with wettable organic-layer-protected silicon photocathodes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4460. [PMID: 35915066 PMCID: PMC9343433 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective layers are essential for Si-based photocathodes to achieve long-term stability. The conventionally used inorganic protective layers, such as TiO2, need to be free of pinholes to isolate Si from corrosive solution, which demands extremely high-quality deposition techniques. On the other hand, organic hydrophobic protective layers suffer from the trade-off between current density and stability. This paper describes the design and fabrication of a discontinuous hybrid organic protective layer with controllable surface wettability. The underlying hydrophobic layer induces the formation of thin gas layers at the discontinuous pores to isolate the electrolyte from Si substrate, while allowing Pt co-catalyst to contact the electrolyte for water splitting. Meanwhile, the surface of this organic layer is modified with hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to facilitate bubble detachment. The optimized photocathode achieves a stable photocurrent of 35 mA/cm2 for over 110 h with no trend of decay. Preparation of inorganic protective layers for photoelectrodes requires high-quality deposition techniques. Here, the authors report a spin-coated organic protective layer that enables Si photocathodes to realize stable solar water splitting.
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35
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Andrei V, Jagt RA, Rahaman M, Lari L, Lazarov VK, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Hoye RLZ, Reisner E. Long-term solar water and CO 2 splitting with photoelectrochemical BiOI-BiVO 4 tandems. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:864-868. [PMID: 35618828 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices have been developed for direct solar fuel production but the limited stability of submerged light absorbers can hamper their commercial prospects.1,2 Here, we demonstrate photocathodes with an operational H2 evolution activity over weeks, by integrating a BiOI light absorber into a robust, oxide-based architecture with a graphite paste conductive encapsulant. In this case, the activity towards proton and CO2 reduction is mainly limited by catalyst degradation. We also introduce multiple-pixel devices as an innovative design principle for PEC systems, displaying superior photocurrents, onset biases and stability over corresponding conventional single-pixel devices. Accordingly, PEC tandem devices comprising multiple-pixel BiOI photocathodes and BiVO4 photoanodes can sustain bias-free water splitting for 240 h, while devices with a Cu92In8 alloy catalyst demonstrate unassisted syngas production from CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Andrei
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Optoelectronics Group, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert A Jagt
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Motiar Rahaman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leonardo Lari
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Vlado K Lazarov
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | | | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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36
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Thangamuthu M, Ruan Q, Ohemeng PO, Luo B, Jing D, Godin R, Tang J. Polymer Photoelectrodes for Solar Fuel Production: Progress and Challenges. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11778-11829. [PMID: 35699661 PMCID: PMC9284560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Converting solar energy to fuels has attracted substantial interest over the past decades because it has the potential to sustainably meet the increasing global energy demand. However, achieving this potential requires significant technological advances. Polymer photoelectrodes are composed of earth-abundant elements, e.g. carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, which promise to be more economically sustainable than their inorganic counterparts. Furthermore, the electronic structure of polymer photoelectrodes can be more easily tuned to fit the solar spectrum than inorganic counterparts, promising a feasible practical application. As a fast-moving area, in particular, over the past ten years, we have witnessed an explosion of reports on polymer materials, including photoelectrodes, cocatalysts, device architectures, and fundamental understanding experimentally and theoretically, all of which have been detailed in this review. Furthermore, the prospects of this field are discussed to highlight the future development of polymer photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madasamy Thangamuthu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Qiushi Ruan
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast
University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Peter Osei Ohemeng
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Bing Luo
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- International
Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of
Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Dengwei Jing
- International
Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of
Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Robert Godin
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
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37
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Wang L, Lian W, Liu B, Lv H, Zhang Y, Wu X, Wang T, Gong J, Chen T, Xu H. A Transparent, High-Performance, and Stable Sb 2 S 3 Photoanode Enabled by Heterojunction Engineering with Conjugated Polycarbazole Frameworks for Unbiased Photoelectrochemical Overall Water Splitting Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200723. [PMID: 35580906 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing low-cost, high-performance, and durable photoanodes is essential in solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion. Sb2 S3 is a low-bandgap (≈1.7 eV) n-type semiconductor with a maximum theoretical solar conversion efficiency of ≈28% for PEC water splitting. However, bulk Sb2 S3 exhibits opaque characteristics and suffers from severe photocorrosion, and thus the use of Sb2 S3 as a photoanode material remains underexploited. This study describes the design and fabrication of a transparent Sb2 S3 -based photoanode by conformably depositing a thin layer of conjugated polycarbazole frameworks (CPF-TCzB) onto the Sb2 S3 film. This structural design creates a type-II heterojunction between the CPF-TCzB and the Sb2 S3 with a suitable band-edge energy offset, thereby, greatly enhancing the charge separation efficiency. The CPF-TCzB/Sb2 S3 hybrid photoanode exhibits a remarkable photocurrent density of 10.1 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode. Moreover, the thin CPF-TCzB overlayer effectively inhibits photocorrosion of the Sb2 S3 and enables long-term operation for at least 100 h with ≈10% loss in photocurrent density. Furthermore, a standalone unbiased PEC tandem device comprising a CPF-TCzB/Sb2 S3 photoanode and a back-illuminated Si photocathode can achieve a record solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 5.21%, representing the most efficient PEC water splitting device of its kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Weitao Lian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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38
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Zhao Y, Descamps J, Le Corre B, Léger Y, Kuhn A, Sojic N, Loget G. Wireless Anti-Stokes Photoinduced Electrochemiluminescence at Closed Semiconducting Bipolar Electrodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5538-5544. [PMID: 35695813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wireless electrochemical systems constitute a rapidly developing field. Herein, photoinduced electrochemiluminescence (PECL) is studied at Si-based closed bipolar electrodes (BPEs) for designing anti-Stokes systems that can convert IR into visible photons, without direct electrical contact. We show that protection of the anodic emitting pole of the BPE allows the triggering of bright and longstanding emission under the synergetic actions of an external bias and IR illumination. Photoactive n- and p-type Si BPEs are studied with front-side and back-side illumination, respectively, and nonphotoactive n+-Si BPEs are studied in the dark. Two electrochemiluminescent (ECL) systems ([Ru(bpy)3]2+/TPrA and L-012) are tested, and we show that the onset bias and the anti-Stokes shift can be controlled by the ECL system that is employed. These advances, rationalized by simulations, will be useful for the design of original PECL systems for chemical sensing or photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhao
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, Univ Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Julie Descamps
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Brieg Le Corre
- INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR 6082, Univ Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Yoan Léger
- INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR 6082, Univ Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Gabriel Loget
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, Univ Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
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39
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Descamps J, Zhao Y, Yu J, Xu G, Léger Y, Loget G, Sojic N. Anti-Stokes photoinduced electrochemiluminescence at a photocathode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6686-6688. [PMID: 35621023 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01804g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Stokes photoinduced electrochemiluminescence (PECL) converts infrared photons to visible photons and is usually triggered at a narrow band gap-protected photoanode. Here, we report the first example of PECL with the model [Ru(bpy)3]2+/benzoyl peroxide system at a bare p-type Si photocathode. The reported PECL system, which allows a notable decrease of the cathodic potential required for ECL generation, should open new opportunities for imaging and light-addressable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Descamps
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France.
| | - Yiran Zhao
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
| | - Jing Yu
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France.
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yoan Léger
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR 6082, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France. .,State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
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40
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Yu W, Buabthong P, Young JL, Ifkovits ZP, Byrne ST, Steiner MA, Deutsch TG, Lewis NS. Failure Modes of Platinized pn +-GaInP Photocathodes for Solar-Driven H 2 Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26622-26630. [PMID: 35666827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The long-term stability for the hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER) of homojunction pn+-Ga0.52In0.48P photocathodes (band gap = 1.8 eV) with an electrodeposited Pt catalyst (pn+-GaInP/Pt) has been systematically evaluated in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Electrode dissolution during chronoamperometry was correlated with changes over time in the current density-potential (J-E) behavior to reveal the underlying failure mechanism. Pristine pn+-GaInP/Pt photocathodes yielded an open-circuit photopotential (Eoc) as positive as >1.0 V vs the potential of the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a light-limited current density (Jph) of >12 mA cm-2 (1-sun illumination). However, Eoc and Jph gradually degraded at either pH 0 or pH 14. The performance degradation was attributed to three different failure modes: (1) gradual thinning of the n+-emitter layer due to GaInP dissolution in acid; (2) active corrosion of the underlying GaAs substrate at positive potentials causing delamination of the upper GaInP epilayers; and (3) direct GaAs/electrolyte contact compromising the operational stability of the device. This work reveals the importance of both substrate stability and structural integrity of integrated photoelectrodes toward stable solar fuel generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James L Young
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | | | - Myles A Steiner
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Todd G Deutsch
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Nathan S Lewis
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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41
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Zhao Y, Descamps J, Ababou-Girard S, Bergamini JF, Santinacci L, Léger Y, Sojic N, Loget G. Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Anodes for Ultrastable and Site-Selective Upconversion Photoinduced Electrochemiluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201865. [PMID: 35233901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electrochemiluminescence (PECL) allows the electrochemically assisted conversion of low-energy photons into high-energy photons at an electrode surface. This concept is expected to have important implications, however, it is dramatically limited by the stability of the surface, impeding future developments. Here, a series of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) junctions, using photoactive n-type Si (n-Si) as a light absorber covered by a few-nanometer-thick protective SiOx /metal (SiOx /M, with M=Ru, Pt, and Ir) overlayers are investigated for upconversion PECL of the model co-reactant system involving the simultaneous oxidation of tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) and tri-n-propylamine. We show that n-Si/SiOx /Pt and n-Si/SiOx /Ir exhibit high photovoltages and record stabilities in operation (35 h for n-Si/SiOx /Ir) for the generation of intense PECL with an anti-Stokes shift of 218 nm. We also demonstrate that these surfaces can be employed for spatially localized PECL. These unprecedented performances are extremely promising for future applications of PECL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhao
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Julie Descamps
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Soraya Ababou-Girard
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) UMR 6251, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-François Bergamini
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Yoan Léger
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR 6082, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
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42
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Lyu S, Younis MA, Liu Z, Zeng L, Peng X, Yang B, Li Z, Lei L, Hou Y. Rational design on photoelectrodes and devices to boost photoelectrochemical performance of solar-driven water splitting: a mini review. Front Chem Sci Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Jain S, Fazil M, Pandit NA, Ali SA, Naaz F, Khan H, Mehtab A, Ahmed J, Ahmad T. Modified, Solvothermally Derived Cr-doped SnO 2 Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Electrochemical Water-Splitting Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14138-14147. [PMID: 35559165 PMCID: PMC9089340 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cr-doped SnO2 nanostructures with a dopant concentration ranging from 1 to 5% have been successfully prepared using low-temperature modified solvothermal synthesis. The as-prepared nanoparticles showed a rutile tetragonal structure with a rough undefined morphology having no other elemental impurities. The particle shape and size, band gap, and specific surface area of the samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, UV-visible diffused reflectance spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area studies. The optical band gap was found in the range of 3.23-3.67 eV and the specific surface area was in the range of 108-225 m2/g, which contributes to the significantly enhanced photocatalytic and electrochemical performance. Photocatalytic H2 generation of as-prepared Cr-doped SnO2 nanostructures showed improved effect of the increasing dopant concentration with narrowing of the band gap. Electrochemical water-splitting studies also stressed upon the superiority of Cr-doped SnO2 nanostructures over pristine SnO2 toward hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapan
K. Jain
- Nanochemistry
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia
Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohd Fazil
- Nanochemistry
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia
Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Nayeem Ahmad Pandit
- Nanochemistry
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia
Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Asim Ali
- Nanochemistry
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia
Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Farha Naaz
- Nanochemistry
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia
Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Huma Khan
- Nanochemistry
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia
Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Amir Mehtab
- Nanochemistry
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia
Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Jahangeer Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tokeer Ahmad
- Nanochemistry
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia
Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- . Phone: 91-11-26981717
extn 3261
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44
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Zhao Y, Descamps J, Ababou‐Girard S, Bergamini J, Santinacci L, Léger Y, Sojic N, Loget G. Metal‐Insulator‐Semiconductor Anodes for Ultrastable and Site‐Selective Upconversion Photoinduced Electrochemiluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhao
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Julie Descamps
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
| | - Soraya Ababou‐Girard
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) UMR 6251 35000 Rennes France
| | - Jean‐François Bergamini
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | - Yoan Léger
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR 6082 35000 Rennes France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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Zhao Y, Bouffier L, Xu G, Loget G, Sojic N. Electrochemiluminescence with semiconductor (nano)materials. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2528-2550. [PMID: 35356679 PMCID: PMC8890139 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06987j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is the light production triggered by reactions at the electrode surface. Its intrinsic features based on a dual electrochemical/photophysical nature have made it an attractive and powerful method across diverse fields in applied and fundamental research. Herein, we review the combination of ECL with semiconductor (SC) materials presenting various typical dimensions and structures, which has opened new uses of ECL and offered exciting opportunities for (bio)sensing and imaging. In particular, we highlight this particularly rich domain at the interface between photoelectrochemistry, SC material chemistry and analytical chemistry. After an introduction to the ECL and SC fundamentals, we gather the recent advances with representative examples of new strategies to generate ECL in original configurations. Indeed, bulk SC can be used as electrode materials with unusual ECL properties or light-addressable systems. At the nanoscale, the SC nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) constitute excellent bright ECL nano-emitters with tuneable emission wavelengths and remarkable stability. Finally, the challenges and future prospects are discussed for the design of new detection strategies in (bio)analytical chemistry, light-addressable systems, imaging or infrared devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhao
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226 Rennes F-35000 France
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 Pessac 33607 France
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226 Rennes F-35000 France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 Pessac 33607 France
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, South Ural State University Chelyabinsk 454080 Russian Federation
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Dong WJ, Zhou P, Xiao Y, Navid IA, Lee JL, Mi Z. Silver Halide Catalysts on GaN Nanowires/Si Heterojunction Photocathodes for CO2 Reduction to Syngas at High Current Density. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Jae Dong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yixin Xiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ishtiaque Ahmed Navid
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jong-Lam Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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47
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Fang Y, Hou Y, Fu X, Wang X. Semiconducting Polymers for Oxygen Evolution Reaction under Light Illumination. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4204-4256. [PMID: 35025505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen fuel has stimulated intensive scientific interest, as this technology has the potential to revolutionize fossil fuel-based energy systems in modern society. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) determines the performance of overall water splitting owing to its sluggish kinetics with multielectron transfer processing. Polymeric photocatalysts have recently been developed for the OER, and substantial progress has been realized in this emerging research field. In this Review, the focus is on the photocatalytic technologies and materials of polymeric photocatalysts for the OER. Two practical systems, namely, particle suspension systems and film-based photoelectrochemical systems, form two main sections. The concept is reviewed in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics, and polymeric photocatalysts are discussed based on three key characteristics, namely, light absorption, charge separation and transfer, and surface oxidation reactions. A satisfactory OER performance by polymeric photocatalysts will eventually offer a platform to achieve overall water splitting and other advanced applications in a cost-effective, sustainable, and renewable manner using solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
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Jian JX, Yao MM, Liao JX, Zhou MH, Chen YJ, Deng MX, Huang YM, Liu C, Tong QX. Surface Engineering of Nanoporous Silicon Photocathodes for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00830k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a promising semiconductor material in photoelectrochemical (PEC) H2 evolution due to its advantages of Earth-abundant element, non-toxicity, broad absorption of the solar spectrum, high saturated-current and industrial...
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Wang Z, Zhu H, Tu W, Zhu X, Yao Y, Zhou Y, Zou Z. Host/Guest Nanostructured Photoanodes Integrated with Targeted Enhancement Strategies for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103744. [PMID: 34738739 PMCID: PMC8805576 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production from water splitting is a green technology that can solve the environmental and energy problems through converting solar energy into renewable hydrogen fuel. The construction of host/guest architecture in semiconductor photoanodes has proven to be an effective strategy to improve solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency dramatically. In host/guest photoanodes, the absorber layer is deposited onto a high-surface-area electron collector, resulting in a significant enhancements in light-harvesting as well as charge collection and separation efficiency. The present review aims to summarize and highlight recent state-of-the-art progresses in the architecture designing of host/guest photoanodes with integrated enhancement strategies, including i) light trapping effect; ii) optimization of conductive host scaffolds; iii) hierarchical structure engineering. The challenges and prospects for the future development of host/guest nanostructured photoanodes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdong518172P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhu
- School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdong518172P. R. China
| | - Wenguang Tu
- School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdong518172P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhu
- School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdong518172P. R. China
| | - Yingfang Yao
- School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdong518172P. R. China
- College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210093P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdong518172P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano TechnologyNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresSchool of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210093P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdong518172P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano TechnologyNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresSchool of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210093P. R. China
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50
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Oka K, Tobita Y, Kataoka M, Kobayashi K, Kaiwa Y, Nishide H, Oyaizu K. Hydrophilic isopropanol/acetone‐substituted polymers for safe hydrogen storage. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Oka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Shinjuku Japan
| | - Yuka Tobita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Shinjuku Japan
| | - Miho Kataoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Shinjuku Japan
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Shinjuku Japan
| | - Yusuke Kaiwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Shinjuku Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Shinjuku Japan
| | - Kenichi Oyaizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Shinjuku Japan
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