1
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Zhao S, Yue W, Yang M, Li X, Chen B, Gao Y, Yu W, Ni HL, Hu P, Wang BQ, Cao P. Enantioselective Ir-Catalyzed Allyl Alkylation/Semipinacol Rearrangement. Org Lett 2024; 26:1224-1228. [PMID: 38305744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The semipinacol rearrangement is a powerful and versatile method for constructing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. The development of catalytic asymmetric semipinacol rearrangements using multifunctionalizable electrophiles remains highly sought-after in organic synthesis. In this study, a catalytic enantioselective allylic cation-induced semipinacol rearrangement reaction was presented that enables the simultaneous construction of two skipped chiral carbon centers. Chiral Ir(I)-(P,olefin) and Sc(OTf)3 catalysts cooperatively initiate the asymmetric allylic alkylation of alkenyl cyclobutanols with allylic alcohols, triggering ring expansion of the cyclobutanol moiety through a stereoselective 1,2-alkyl migration. The reaction afforded a range of cyclopentanones bearing an α-quaternary carbon that is adjacent to a chiral allyl scaffold. The products were applied to synthesize enantioenriched fused tricyclopentanoids bearing four stereogenic carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Wenxing Yue
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Xuanfeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yuanji Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Hai-Liang Ni
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Peng Cao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
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2
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Wakchaure VN, DeSnoo W, Laconsay CJ, Leutzsch M, Tsuji N, Tantillo DJ, List B. Catalytic asymmetric cationic shifts of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Nature 2024; 625:287-292. [PMID: 38200298 PMCID: PMC10781632 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis is an advanced area of chemical synthesis, but the handling of abundantly available, purely aliphatic hydrocarbons has proven to be challenging. Typically, heteroatoms or aromatic substructures are required in the substrates and reagents to facilitate an efficient interaction with the chiral catalyst. Confined acids have recently been introduced as tools for homogenous asymmetric catalysis, specifically to enable the processing of small unbiased substrates1. However, asymmetric reactions in which both substrate and product are purely aliphatic hydrocarbons have not previously been catalysed by such super strong and confined acids. We describe here an imidodiphosphorimidate-catalysed asymmetric Wagner-Meerwein shift of aliphatic alkenyl cycloalkanes to cycloalkenes with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity. Despite their long history and high relevance for chemical synthesis and biosynthesis, Wagner-Meerwein reactions utilizing purely aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as those originally reported by Wagner and Meerwein, had previously eluded asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay N Wakchaure
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - William DeSnoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Croix J Laconsay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nobuya Tsuji
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Benjamin List
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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3
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Li F, Ren J, Song Y, Yuan Q, Yan D, Zhang W. Iridium-Catalyzed 1,3-Rearrangement of Allylic Ethers. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38029372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The 1,3-rearrangement of allylic derivatives has rarely been reported, except for allylic alcohols. Herein, we describe an iridium-catalyzed 1,3-rearrangement of readily available allylic ethers to access the difficultly prepared allylic ethers with a large steric hindrance. The developed method shows a broad substrate scope and could be used in the late-stage modification of several natural products. In addition, a possible reaction pathway is also provided on the basis of the control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qianjia Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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4
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Li Q, Li J, Zhang J, Wu S, Zhang Y, Lin A, Yao H. Enantioselective Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.2.1]octadienes via Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alkene-Alkyne Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202313404. [PMID: 37921257 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[3.2.1]octadiene compounds and derivatives exist in a number of natural products and bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, catalytic enantioselective protocols for the synthesis of these skeletons have not been disclosed. Herein we reported a palladium-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular alkene-alkyne coupling of alkyne-tethered cyclopentenes, affording a library of enantionenriched bicyclo[3.2.1]octadienes in excellent yields and enantioselectivities (mostly >99 % ee). Moreover, the products could undergo an unusual iodination-induced 1,2-acyl migration, forming iodinated bicyclo[3.2.1]octadienes with three vicinal stereocenters. The enone and isolated olefin motifs embedded in the products provide useful handles for downstream elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
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5
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Hoogesteger RH, Murdoch N, Cordes DB, Johnston CP. Cobalt-Catalyzed Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangements with Concomitant Nucleophilic Hydrofluorination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308048. [PMID: 37409777 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a cobalt-catalyzed Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of gem-disubstituted allylarenes that generates fluoroalkane products with isolated yields up to 84 %. Modification of the counteranion of the N-fluoropyridinium oxidant suggests the substrates undergo nucleophilic fluorination during the reaction. Subjecting the substrates to other known metal-mediated hydrofluorination procedures did not lead to observable 1,2-aryl migration. Thus, indicating the unique ability of these cobalt-catalyzed conditions to generate a sufficiently reactive electrophilic intermediate capable of promoting this Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece H Hoogesteger
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Nicola Murdoch
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Craig P Johnston
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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6
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Shibata S, Amano K, Kojima T, Mori K. Lewis acid-catalyzed formal 1,3-aminomethyl migration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9976-9979. [PMID: 37503720 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03059h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a Lewis acid-catalyzed 1,3-aminomethyl migration rection. When δ-amino acid derivatives were treated with a catalytic amount of Sc(OTf)3, 1,3-migration of the aminomethyl group proceeded smoothly to afford β-amino acid derivatives in moderate to good chemical yields. Detailed investigation suggested that this migration reaction proceeded through the fragmentation/recombination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuka Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Koutarou Amano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiro Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kobe City College of Technology (KCCT) 8-3, Gakuen-Higashimachi, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2194, Japan
| | - Keiji Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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7
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Zou YP, Lai ZL, Zhang MW, Peng J, Ning S, Li CC. Total Synthesis of (±)- and (-)-Daphnillonin B. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10998-11004. [PMID: 37167083 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of (±)- and (-)-daphnillonin B, a daphnicyclidin-type alkaloid with a new [7-6-5-7-5-5] A/B/C/D/E/F hexacyclic core, has been achieved. The [6-5-7] B/C/D ring system was efficiently and diastereoselectively constructed via a mild type I intramolecular [5+2] cycloaddition, followed by a Grubbs II catalyst-catalyzed radical cyclization. The [5-5] fused E/F ring system was synthesized via a diastereoselective intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction. Notably, the synthetically challenging [7-6-5-7-5-5] hexacyclic core was reassembled by a unique Wagner-Meerwein-type rearrangement from the [6-6-5-7-5-5] hexacyclic framework found in calyciphylline A-type Daphniphyllum alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Zou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meng-Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianzhao Peng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuai Ning
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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8
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Jung M, Muir JE, Lindsay VNG. Expedient synthesis of spiro[3.3]heptan-1-ones via strain-relocating semipinacol rearrangements. Tetrahedron 2023; 134:133296. [PMID: 36937489 PMCID: PMC10019042 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the formation of the highly strained spiro[3.3]heptan-1-one motif was developed through the reaction of 1-sulfonylcyclopropanols and lithiated 1-sulfonylbicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Following initial nucleophilic addition to the cyclopropanone formed in situ, the resulting 1-bicyclobutylcyclopropanol intermediate is prone to a 'strain-relocating' semipinacol rearrangement in the presence of acid, directly affording the substituted spiro[3.3]heptan-1-one. The process is shown to be fully regio- and stereospecific when starting from a substituted cyclopropanone equivalent, leading to optically active 3-substituted spiro[3.3]heptan-1-ones. The reaction likely proceeds via initial protonation of the bicyclobutyl moiety followed by [1,2]-rearrangement of the resulting cyclopropylcarbinyl cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunggi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Joanna E Muir
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N G Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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9
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Xu J, Song Y, Yang J, Yang B, Su Z, Lin L, Feng X. Sterically Hindered and Deconjugative α-Regioselective Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of Meinwald Rearrangement-Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217887. [PMID: 36700493 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Compared to γ-addition, the α-addition of α-branched β,γ-unsaturated aldehydes faces larger steric hindrance and disrupts the π-π conjugation, which might be why very few examples are reported. In this article, a highly diastereo- and enantioselective α-regioselective Mannich reaction of isatin-derived ketimines with α-, β- or γ-branched β,γ-unsaturated aldehydes, generated in situ from Meinwald rearrangement of vinyl epoxides, is realized by using chiral N,N'-dioxide/ScIII catalysts. A series of chiral α-quaternary allyl aldehydes and homoallylic alcohols with vicinal multisubstituted stereocenters are constructed in excellent yields, good d.r. and excellent ee values. Experimental studies and DFT (density functional theory) calculations reveal that the large steric hindrance of the ligand and the Boc (tButyloxy carbonyl) protecting group of imines are critical factors for the α-regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanji Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingqian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
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10
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Rosales Martínez A, Rodríguez-Maecker RN, Rodríguez-García I. Unifying the Synthesis of a Whole Family of Marine Meroterpenoids through a Biosynthetically Inspired Sequence of 1,2-Hydride and Methyl Shifts as Key Step. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020118. [PMID: 36827159 PMCID: PMC9962294 DOI: 10.3390/md21020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine meroterpenoids have attracted a great deal of attention from synthetic research groups due to their attractive and varied biological activities and their unique and diverse structures. In most cases, however, further biological studies have been severely limited mainly to the scarcity of natural supply and because almost none of the reported syntheses methods has enabled unified access for a large number of marine meroterpenoids with aureane and avarane skeletons. Based on our previous publications and the study of recent manuscripts on marine meroterpenoids, we have conceived a unified strategy for these fascinating marine compounds with aureane or avarane skeletons using available drimane compounds as starting materials. The key step is a biosynthetic sequence of 1,2-hydride and methyl shifts. This strategy is of great synthetic value to access marine meroterpenoids through easy chemical synthetic procedures. Finally, several retrosynthetic proposals are made for the future synthesis of several members of this class of meroterpenoids, focused on consolidating these 1,2-rearrangements as a versatile and unified strategy that could be widely used in the preparation of these marine meroterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rosales Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Román Nicolay Rodríguez-Maecker
- Department of Energy and Mechanics, Carrera de Ingeniería Petroquímica, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Latacunga 050150, Ecuador
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11
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Iqbal N, Ashraf MA, Gul AR, Bae J, Iqbal N, Park TJ, Cho EJ. Construction of a Pentacyclic Framework Enabled by Nickel Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:647-652. [PMID: 36682059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel nickel-catalyzed reaction of indole-tethered 2-alkynylphenol esters with various (hetero)aryl boronic acids, resulting in the synthesis of diversely functionalized pentacyclic benzofurocyclohepta[b]indole derivatives. This unprecedented cascade reaction involves the arylative cyclization of alkynes, nucleophilic attack of the indole moiety on the oxonium ion intermediate, 1,2-alkyl group migration, and aromatization. The synthesized molecules exhibit exceptional cytotoxicity against multiple cancer cell lines while maintaining biocompatibility toward healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Awais Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Anam Rana Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehan Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Naila Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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12
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Cui M, Feng K, Tian R, Duan Z. Phosphorus-Involved Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement of Phosphiranes: An Entry to Four-Membered Phosphacycles. Org Lett 2023; 25:205-209. [PMID: 36583566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phosphenium ions [R2P]+ are important and highly reactive dicoordinate phosphorus species. Herein, we report a rearrangement of the carbocation into the phosphenium cation driven by ring strain. This phosphorus-involved Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement pathway converted the 1-acylphosphirane complex into phosphetane and 1,2-dihydrophosphete derivatives depending on the reaction temperature. The generation of the intermediate phosphenium cation was identified by the intramolecular reaction with ether, which also disclosed its strong Lewis acidity. This work expands the boundary of the phosphorus-carbon analogy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Cui
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rongqiang Tian
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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13
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Ji DW, Hu YC, Min XT, Liu H, Zhang WS, Li Y, Zhou YJ, Chen QA. Skeleton-Reorganizing Coupling Reactions of Cycloheptatriene and Cycloalkenones with Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213074. [PMID: 36372782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal reorganization reactions have emerged as an intriguing tool for converting readily available compounds into complicated molecules inaccessible by traditional methods. Herein, we report a unique skeleton-reorganizing coupling reaction of cycloheptatriene and cycloalkenones with amines. In the presence of Rh/acid catalysis, cycloheptatriene can selectively couple with anilines to deliver fused 1,2-dihydroquinoline products. Mechanistic studies indicate that the retro-Mannich type ring-opening and subsequent intramolecular Povarov reaction account for the ring reorganization. Our mechanistic studies also revealed that skeleton-reorganizing amination between anilines and cycloalkenones can be achieved with acid. The synthetic utilization of this skeleton-reorganizing coupling reaction was showcased with a gram-scale reaction, synthetic derivatizations, and the late-stage modification of commercial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiang-Ting Min
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei-Song Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongjin J Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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14
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Li F, Luo Y, Zhu X, Ye Y, Yuan Q, Zhang W. Iridium-Catalyzed 1,3-Rearrangement of Allylic Alcohols. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300027. [PMID: 36620961 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The allylic alcohol structural motif is prevalent in many important molecules and valuable building blocks. The rearrangement reaction is one of the most important transformations, however there are only a few reports for the 1,3-rearrangement of allylic alcohols. Herein, a 1,3-rearrangement of allylic alcohols catalyzed by an Ir(III) dihydride complex is described. This reaction could provide the corresponding less accessible allylic alcohols regio- and stereoselectively from readily available E/Z mixtures of the substrates. Furthermore, a tandem alkene isomerization followed by 1,3-rearrangement of homoallylic alcohols was also realized. In addition, this rearrangement reaction could be used to synthesize the natural product Navenone B. Mechanistic investigation indicated that the reaction pathway involved a π-allyl-Ir(V) intermediate and that the dihydride in the iridium catalyst acts as a hydrogen switch to modulate the valence of the iridium center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yicong Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xuejie Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ye
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 75 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Qianjia Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 75 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, P. R. China
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15
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Song L, Zhou Y, Liang H, Li H, Lai Y, Yao H, Lin R, Tong R. Two Green Protocols for Halogenative Semipinacol Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2023; 88:504-512. [PMID: 36480595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Semipinacol rearrangement is a special type of Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement that involves carbocation 1,2-rearrangement to provide carbonyl compounds with an α-quaternary carbon center. It has been strategically used for natural product synthesis and construction of highly congested quaternary carbons. Herein, we report a safe and green protocol that uses oxone/halide and Fenton bromide to achieve halogenative semipinacol rearrangement. The key feature of this method is the green in situ generation of reactive halogenating species from oxidation of halide with oxone or H2O2, which produces a nontoxic byproduct (potassium sulfate or water). Easy operation (insensitive to air and moisture) at room temperature without using special equipment adds additional advantage over previous methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yiqin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hanbin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hongzuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yunrong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Ran Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Rongbiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
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16
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Wang B, Jiang HY, Yang J, Li J, Yan BC, Chen X, Hu K, Li XR, Sun HD, Deng J, Puno PT. Isolation and Bioinspired Total Synthesis of Rugosiformisin A, A Skeleton-Rearranged Abietane-Type Diterpenoid from Isodon rugosiformis. Org Lett 2022; 24:8104-8108. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hua-Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bing-Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xing-Ren Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jun Deng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pema-Tenzin Puno
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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17
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Stegbauer S, Jandl C, Bach T. Chiral Lewis acid catalysis in a visible light-triggered cycloaddition/rearrangement cascade. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11856-11862. [PMID: 36320923 PMCID: PMC9580482 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03159k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cascade (domino) reactions facilitate the formation of complex molecules from simple starting materials in a single operation. It was found that 1-naphthaldehyde derivatives can be converted to enantioenriched (82-96% ee) polycyclic benzoisochromenes via a cascade of ortho photocycloaddition and ensuing acid-catalysed rearrangement reactions. The cascade was initiated by irradiation with visible light (λ = 457 nm) and catalysed by a chiral AlBr3-activated 1,3,2-oxazaborolidine (14 examples, 65-93% yield). The absolute configuration of the products was elucidated by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the ortho photocycloaddition occurs on the triplet hypersurface and that the chiral catalyst induces in this step the observed enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Stegbauer
- Technische Universität München, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 Garching 85747 Germany https://www.ch.nat.tum.de/en/oc1/home/ +49 (0)89 289 13315
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technische Universität München, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 Garching 85747 Germany https://www.ch.nat.tum.de/en/oc1/home/ +49 (0)89 289 13315
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität München, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 Garching 85747 Germany https://www.ch.nat.tum.de/en/oc1/home/ +49 (0)89 289 13315
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18
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Proessdorf J, Jandl C, Pickl T, Bach T. Arene Activation through Iminium Ions: Product Diversity from Intramolecular Photocycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208329. [PMID: 35920713 PMCID: PMC9826208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
While 2-alk-ω-enyloxy-sustituted benzaldehydes do not display any photochemical reactivity at the arene core, the respective iminium perchlorates were found to undergo efficient reactions either upon direct irradiation (λ=366 nm) or under sensitizing conditions (λ=420 nm, 2.5 mol% thioxanthen-9-one). Three pathways were found: (a) Most commonly, the reaction led to benzoxacyclic products in which the olefin in the tether underwent a formal, yet unprecedented carboformylation (13 examples, 44-99 % yield). The cascade process occurred with high diastereoselectivity and was found to be stereoconvergent. (b) If a substituent resides in the 3-position of the benzene ring, a meta photocycloaddition was observed which produced tetracyclic skeletons with five stereogenic centers in excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity (2 examples, 58-79 % yield). (c) If the tether was internally substituted at the alkene, an arene photocycloaddition was avoided and an azetidine was formed in an aza Paternò-Büchi reaction (2 examples, 95-98 % yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Proessdorf
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
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19
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Gong F, Meng X, Lan S, Liu J, Yang S, Fang X. Asymmetric Semipinacol Rearrangement Enabled by Copper-Catalyzed Propargylic Alkylation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangjian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouang Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinggong Liu
- Orthopedics Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Long X, Li J, Gao F, Wu H, Deng J. Bioinspired Synthesis of Spirochensilide A from Lanosterol. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16292-16297. [PMID: 36054904 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A bioinspired synthesis of spirochensilide A from commercially available lanosterol is reported. The synthesis features a directed C-H oxidation, a Wagner-Meerwein-type double methyl migration, a Meinwald rearrangement, and a double-bond isomerization/spiroketal formation cascade. The proposed biosynthetic speculation was modified by this synthetic sequence, which also served as a platform for the synthesis of other lanostanes with migrating methyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Long
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hai Wu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jun Deng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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21
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Dokai Y, Saito K, Yamada T. Decarboxylative 1,2-rearrangement of cyclic carbonates promoted by Lewis acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9500-9503. [PMID: 35920360 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Lewis acid-mediated decarboxylative 1,2-rearrangement reaction of cyclic carbonates was developed. The selectivity of the migration in the decarboxylative 1,2-rearrangement of cyclic carbonates was opposite to that of the corresponding 1,2-diols under the same reaction conditions. This contrasting selectivity of the migration was confirmed in a variety of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Dokai
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Kodai Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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22
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Proessdorf J, Jandl C, Pickl T, Bach T. Arene Activation through Iminium Ions: Product Diversity from Intramolecular Photocycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Proessdorf
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität München Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching GERMANY
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23
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Ping Y, Pan Q, Guo Y, Liu Y, Li X, Wang M, Kong W. Switchable 1,2-Rearrangement Enables Expedient Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Fluorine-Containing Scaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11626-11637. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ping
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ya Guo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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24
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Wang YP, Fang K, Tu YQ, Yin JJ, Zhao Q, Ke T. An efficient approach to angular tricyclic molecular architecture via Nazarov-like cyclization and double ring-expansion cascade. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2335. [PMID: 35484150 PMCID: PMC9050659 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A modular and efficient method for constructing angular tri-carbocyclic architectures containing quaternary carbon center(s) from 1,3-dicycloalkylidenyl ketones is established, which involves an unconventional synergistic cascade of a Nazarov cyclization and two ring expansions. It features high selectivity, mild conditions and convenient operation, wide scope and easy availability of substrate. Substitution with R1 and R2 at the 4πe-system with electron-donating group favors this reaction, while that with electron-withdrawing group or proton disfavors. The electron-donating group as R1 directs the initial ring expansion at its own site, while the p-π- or n-π- associated substituent as R2 favors selectively the later ring expansion near its location because of the beneficial maintenance of an original conjugated system. The stereoselectivity has proved to be governed by either the steric effect of R3 and R4 at the expanded rings, or the migration ability of the migrating atom. Density Functional Theory calculation suggests the initial Nazarov cyclization would be the rate-determining step. A racemic total synthesis of the natural (±)-waihoensene is realized in 18 steps by use of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jun-Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,A training graduate student from Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tian Ke
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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25
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Hashimoto R, Hanaya K, Sugai T, Higashibayashi S. 1,2-Rearrangement from o-Quinols to Multisubstituted Catechols via Retro Diels-Alder Reaction of o-Quinol Dimers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riichi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kengo Hanaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Shuhei Higashibayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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26
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Jiang X, Liu X, Chen A, Zou X, Ge J, Gao D. 1,2‐Boryl Migration Enables Efficient Access to Versatile Functionalized Boronates. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiamin Jiang
- ShanghaiTech University School of Physical Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Xinru Liu
- ShanghaiTech University School of Physical Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Ang Chen
- ShanghaiTech University School of Physical Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Xizhang Zou
- ShanghaiTech University School of Physical Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Jianfei Ge
- ShanghaiTech University School of Physical Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Dewei Gao
- ShanghaiTech University Chemistry 上海市浦东新区华夏中路393号上海科技大学物质学院3号楼505-2 201210 Shanghai CHINA
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27
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Leclair A, Wang Q, Zhu J. Two-Carbon Ring Expansion of Cyclobutanols to Cyclohexenones Enabled by Indole Radical Cation Intermediate: Development and Application to a Total Synthesis of Uleine. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Leclair
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Xu M, Liu L, Wang T, Luo H, Hou M, Du L, Xin X, Lu Q, Li B. Acid-catalyzed ring-expansion of 4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)-1,2,3-triazoles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01747k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A direct ring-opening/semipinacol rearrangement reaction catalyzed by the Brønsted acid of 4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)-1,2,3-triazole is reported, in which the usage of metal catalysts and the reservation of sulfonyl groups are avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Han Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Meili Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Luan Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Xin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Qixing Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Baosheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
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29
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Li F, Wu Z, Wang J, Zhang S, Yu J, Yuan Z, Liu J, Shen R, Zhou Y, Liu L. Metal-free synthesis of N-sulfonylformamidines via skeletal reconstruction of sulfonyl oximonitriles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01665b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We firstly develop an unprecedented domino reaction of sulfonyl oximonitriles with secondary amines to streamline synthesis of N-sulfonylformamidines in decent to high yields under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, P. R. China
| | - Ziyan Wu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, P. R. China
| | - Jingya Liu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, P. R. China
| | - Renzeng Shen
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, 435002, P. R. China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
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30
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Abstract
The synthetic utility of rearrangement reactions in total synthesis for the rapid construction of core skeletons, the precise control of stereochemistry, and the identification of suitable synthons has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liansuo Zu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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31
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Li M, Zhao D, Sun K. Visible Light Driving Alkene Difunctionalization Reaction Involving Group Migration. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Zhao Y, Huo M, Zhou H. DFT study on the gold(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition and rearrangement reactions of allene-containing allylic silyl ether. J Mol Model 2021; 28:25. [PMID: 34970719 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-05004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The DFT calculation at the B3LYP/B3LYP-D3(BJ) level was carried out to explore the reaction mechanism of the synthesis of spirocyclo[4,5]decane skeleton by gold-catalyzed allenyl compounds. The more accurate energy under the CH3CN solvent in the experiment is calculated by the single-point energy of the SMD model. Computational studies have shown that the reaction consists of three main steps: intramolecular cycloaddition of the end group carbon atoms of allenyl and vinyl groups, the semipinacol rearrangement process in which the four-membered ring is reconstructed into the five-membered ring, the elimination reaction releases the catalyst and obtains the product. The calculation results show that Zheng et al. reported that the gold-catalyzed synthesis reaction can easily occur under the experimental conditions due to its low activation free energy (12.07-15.49 kcal/mol). Furthermore, it was found that the MOMO(CH2)2 substituent has higher reactivity than the corresponding reactant of the phenyl substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaMei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China.
| | - MengDan Huo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - HongJi Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
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33
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Capel E, Rodríguez-Rodríguez M, Uria U, Pedron M, Tejero T, Vicario JL, Merino P. Absence of Intermediates in the BINOL-Derived Mg(II)/Phosphate-Catalyzed Desymmetrizative Ring Expansion of 1-Vinylcyclobutanols. J Org Chem 2021; 87:693-707. [PMID: 34928602 PMCID: PMC8749959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The catalyzed desymmetrizative
ring expansion of alkenylcyclobutanols
promoted by halofunctionalization of the alkene moiety with N-bromosuccinimide has been experimentally and computationally
studied. The reaction yields highly enantioenriched cyclopentanones
bearing two all-carbon quaternary stereocenters, one of them being
generated in the rearrangement of the cyclobutane ring and the other
by enantioselective desymmetrization. The reaction is competitive
with the formation of a spiroepoxide, but it turns completely selective
toward the cyclopentanone when a chiral bisphosphonium magnesium salt
is employed as a catalyst. Mechanistic studies support the formation
of an ion pair leading to a complex with only a unit of phosphoric
acid, which is the resting state of the catalytic cycle. Calculations
reproduce in an excellent way the observed reactivity and predict
the effect exerted by the substituents of the aromatic ring linked
to the double bond. The computational studies also revealed the reaction
as a highly asynchronous concerted process taking place as one kinetic
step but in two stages: (i) halogenation of the double bond and (ii)
rearrangement of the cyclobutane. No intermediates are present in
the reaction as energy minima. The experimental scope of the reaction
further confirms the predictions for the observed reactivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Capel
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Uxue Uria
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Manuel Pedron
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomas Tejero
- Instituto de Sintesis y Catalisis Homogenea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose L Vicario
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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34
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Dai L, Liu W, Zhou Y, Zeng Z, Hu X, Cao W, Feng X. Catalytic Asymmetric Halogenation/Semipinacol Rearrangement of 3-Hydroxyl-3-vinyl Oxindoles: A Stereodivergent Kinetic Resolution Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26599-26603. [PMID: 34669225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective halogenation/semipinacol rearrangement of isatin-derived allylic alcohols has been developed with a chiral N,N'-dioxide/ScIII complex as catalyst. This strategy involved a pivotal stereodivergent kinetic resolution process and provided a facile and efficient entry to optically active halo-substituted quinolone derivatives and quinoline alkaloids with a quaternary stereocenter simultaneously under mild reaction conditions. Based on the control experiments together with kinetic studies and DFT calculations, a possible catalytic cycle was proposed to illustrate the reaction process and enantiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Weidi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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35
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Dai L, Liu W, Zhou Y, Zeng Z, Hu X, Cao W, Feng X. Catalytic Asymmetric Halogenation/Semipinacol Rearrangement of 3‐Hydroxyl‐3‐vinyl Oxindoles: A Stereodivergent Kinetic Resolution Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Dai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Zi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Weidi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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36
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Wang Q, Biosca M, Himo F, Szabó KJ. Electrophilic Fluorination of Alkenes via Bora‐Wagner–Meerwein Rearrangement. Access to β‐Difluoroalkyl Boronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Sweden
| | - Maria Biosca
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Sweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Sweden
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37
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Wang Q, Biosca M, Himo F, Szabó KJ. Electrophilic Fluorination of Alkenes via Bora-Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement. Access to β-Difluoroalkyl Boronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26327-26331. [PMID: 34613633 PMCID: PMC9299629 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The electrophilic fluorination of geminal alkyl substituted vinyl-Bmida derivatives proceeds via bora-Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement. According to DFT modelling studies this rearrangement occurs with a low activation barrier via a bora-cyclopropane shaped TS. The Bmida group has a larger migration aptitude than the alkyl moiety in the Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of the presented electrophilic fluorination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Organic ChemistryStockholm UniversitySweden
| | - Maria Biosca
- Department of Organic ChemistryStockholm UniversitySweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic ChemistryStockholm UniversitySweden
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38
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Wang Y, Tian H, Gui J. Gram-Scale Synthesis of Bufospirostenin A by a Biomimetic Skeletal Rearrangement Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19576-19586. [PMID: 34762408 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bufospirostenin A, which was the first spirostanol to be isolated from an animal, possesses an unprecedented 5/7/6/5/5/6 hexacyclic framework. Herein, we report two biomimetic syntheses of this natural product in just seven or nine steps from a readily available steroidal lactone. Key features of the syntheses include a photosantonin rearrangement and a Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement for rapid construction of the rearranged A/B ring system, as well as a cobalt-mediated olefin hydroselenylation and a selenide E2 reaction to accomplish a challenging olefin transposition. Our syntheses provide experimental support for the biogenetic pathway to 5(10→1)abeo-steroids that we have proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Hailong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Jinghan Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China
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39
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Rao MLN, Islam SS. Rearrangement-Driven Molecular Diversity: Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrones, Orthoesters, and Xanthones from Spiroketals. Org Lett 2021; 23:8668-8672. [PMID: 34714091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of tricyclic 5,5-benzannulated spiroketals with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and AlCl3 furnished benzopyranobenzopyrans, benzofuro-orthoesters, and benzofuroxanthones. Whereas the reaction of tricyclic 5,5-benzannulated spiroketals with TFA produced the pyrones, the reaction with AlCl3 furnished densely functionalized orthoesters and xanthones. The formation of these products was rationalized by fascinating mechanistic pathways involving semipinacol/α-ketol molecular rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddali L N Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sk Shamim Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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40
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Chu XQ, Ge D, Cui YY, Shen ZL, Li CJ. Desulfonylation via Radical Process: Recent Developments in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12548-12680. [PMID: 34387465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As the "chemical chameleon", sulfonyl-containing compounds and their variants have been merged with various types of reactions for the efficient construction of diverse molecular architectures by taking advantage of their incredible reactive flexibility. Currently, their involvement in radical transformations, in which the sulfonyl group typically acts as a leaving group via selective C-S, N-S, O-S, S-S, and Se-S bond cleavage/functionalization, has facilitated new bond formation strategies which are complementary to classical two-electron cross-couplings via organometallic or ionic intermediates. Considering the great influence and synthetic potential of these novel avenues, we summarize recent advances in this rapidly expanding area by discussing the reaction designs, substrate scopes, mechanistic studies, and their limitations, outlining the state-of-the-art processes involved in radical-mediated desulfonylation and related transformations. With a specific emphasis on their synthetic applications, we believe this review will be useful for medicinal and synthetic organic chemists who are interested in radical chemistry and radical-mediated desulfonylation in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Chu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Danhua Ge
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan-Ying Cui
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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41
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Mašek T, Jahn U. Enolate-Based Regioselective Anti-Beckmann C-C Bond Cleavage of Ketones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11608-11632. [PMID: 34369794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Baeyer-Villiger or Beckmann rearrangements are established methods for the cleavage of ketone derivatives under acidic conditions, proceeding for unsymmetrical precursors selectively at the more substituted site. However, the fragmentation regioselectivity cannot be switched and fragmentation at the less-substituted terminus is so far not possible. We report here that the reaction of ketone enolates with commercial alkyl nitrites provides a direct and regioselective way of fragmenting ketones into esters and oximes or ω-hydroxyimino esters, respectively. A comprehensive study of the scope of this reaction with respect to ketone classes and alkyl nitrites is presented. Control over the site of cleavage is gained through regioselective enolate formation by various bases. Oxidation of kinetic enolates of unsymmetrical ketones leads to the otherwise unavailable "anti-Beckmann" cleavage at the less-substituted side chain, while cleavage of thermodynamic enolates of the same ketones represents an alternative to the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation or the Beckmann rearrangement under basic conditions. The method is suited for the transformation of natural products and enables access to orthogonally reactive dicarbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Mašek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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42
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Zhang XM, Li BS, Wang SH, Zhang K, Zhang FM, Tu YQ. Recent development and applications of semipinacol rearrangement reactions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9262-9274. [PMID: 34349896 PMCID: PMC8314203 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As has been well-recognized, semipinacol rearrangement functions as an exceptionally useful methodology in the synthesis of β-functionalized ketones, creation of quaternary carbon centers, and construction of challenging carbocycles. Due to their versatile utilities in organic synthesis, development of novel rearrangement reactions has been a vibrant topic that continues to shape the research field. Recent breakthroughs in novel electrophiles, tandem processes, and enantioselective catalytic transformations further enrich the toolbox of this chemistry and spur the strategic applications of this methodology in natural product synthesis. These achievements will be discussed in this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Bao-Sheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 P. R. China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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43
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Biji M, Radhakrishnan KV, Lankalapalli RS. Tandem Photoisomerization and Transannular Cyclizations of Zerumbone Epoxide: A Model for Diversity-Oriented Synthesis Using Abundant Natural Products. Org Lett 2021; 23:5871-5875. [PMID: 34254812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoirradiation of (6E,9E)-zerumbone-2,3-epoxide afforded a diverse range of transannular cyclized products in the presence of a catalytic amount of Sc(OTf)3. At the behest of the geometrical isomers produced by photoirradiation, the diversity encompasses an unprecedented eudesmane core and oxo-bridged hydroxy-olefin skeletons. Structure elucidation and the stereochemical outcome of the products are described via extensive NMR analysis. The present study serves as a model for tandem photoisomerization and transannular cyclization of natural products with enone/dienone functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanan Biji
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ravi S Lankalapalli
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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44
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Biletskyi B, Colonna P, Masson K, Parrain JL, Commeiras L, Chouraqui G. Small rings in the bigger picture: ring expansion of three- and four-membered rings to access larger all-carbon cyclic systems. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7513-7538. [PMID: 34002179 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01396j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The release of the inherent ring strain of cyclobutane and cyclopropane derivatives allows a rapid build-up of molecular complexity. This review highlights the state-of-the-art of the ring expansions of three- and four-membered cycles and is organised by types of reactions with emphasis on the reaction mechanisms. Selected examples are discussed to illustrate the synthetic potential of this elegant synthetic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Biletskyi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Pierre Colonna
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Kévin Masson
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Parrain
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Laurent Commeiras
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Gaëlle Chouraqui
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
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45
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Zong Y, Xu Z, Zhu R, Su A, Liu X, Zhu M, Han J, Zhang J, Xu Y, Lou H. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Manginoids A and C and Guignardones A and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zong
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Ze‐Jun Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Rong‐Xiu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Ai‐Hong Su
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Xu‐Yuan Liu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Ming‐Zhu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Jing‐Jing Han
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Jiao‐Zhen Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Yu‐Liang Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Hong‐Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
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Zong Y, Xu ZJ, Zhu RX, Su AH, Liu XY, Zhu MZ, Han JJ, Zhang JZ, Xu YL, Lou HX. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Manginoids A and C and Guignardones A and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15286-15290. [PMID: 33876516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective synthetic approach for preparing manginoids and guignardones, two types of biogenetically related meroterpenoids, is reported. This bioinspired and divergent synthesis employs an oxidative 1,3-dicarbonyl radical-initiated cyclization and cyclodehydration of the common precursor to forge the central ring of the manginoids and guignardones, respectively, at a late stage. Key synthetic steps include silica-gel-promoted semipinacol rearrangement to form the 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane skeleton and the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of vinyl bromide to achieve fragment coupling. This synthesis protocol enables the asymmetric syntheses of four fungal meroterpenoids from commercially available materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zong
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ze-Jun Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Rong-Xiu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ai-Hong Su
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xu-Yuan Liu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jing-Jing Han
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jiao-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yu-Liang Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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Delayre B, Wang Q, Zhu J. Natural Product Synthesis Enabled by Domino Processes Incorporating a 1,2-Rearrangement Step. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:559-569. [PMID: 34056086 PMCID: PMC8155462 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The art of natural product total synthesis is closely associated with two major determinants: the development/application of novel chemical reactions and the innovation in strategic use of classic organic reactions. While purposely seeking/applying a new synthetic methodology allowing nonconventional bond disconnections could shorten the synthetic route, the development of domino processes composed of a series of well-established reactions could also lead to a concise, practical, and aesthetically appealing synthesis. As an important class of textbook reactions, the 1,2-anionotropic rearrangements discovered at the dawn of modern organic chemistry have important bearings not only on chemical synthesis but also on the conceptual breakthroughs in the field. In its basic form, the 1,2-shift affords nothing but a constitutional isomer of the starting material and is therefore not a complexity-generating transformation. However, such a simple 1,2-shift could in fact change the molecular topology if the precursor is cleverly designed. More dramatically, it can metamorphosize the structure of the substrate when it is combined with other transformations in a domino sequence. In this Outlook, we highlight recent examples of natural product synthesis featuring a key domino process incorporating a 1,2-anionotropic rearrangement. Specifically, domino reactions integrating Wagner-Meerwein, pinacol, α-ketol, α-aminoketone, α-iminol, or benzilic acid rearrangements will be discussed.
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Yang G, Zhu M, Zhao X, Lei J, Xu L. A new route to BCD tricyclic fragment of C19-diterpenoid alkaloids via intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction followed by anionic 1,2-migration rearrangement. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Goel B, Chatterjee E, Dey B, Tripathi N, Bhardwaj N, Khattri A, Guru SK, Jain SK. Identification and Evaluation of Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of Ipomone from Ipomoea nil: A Novel, Unusual Bicyclo-[3.2.1] Octanone Containing Gibberic Acid Diterpenoid. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8253-8260. [PMID: 33817484 PMCID: PMC8015099 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ipomone (1), a novel diterpenoid along with seven known compounds (2-8), was isolated for the first time from the acidified hydroalcoholic extract of Ipomoea nil seeds. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated via comprehensive NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was ascertained through NOESY, NMR, and ECD analyses. Compound 1 was found to contain an unusual bicyclo-[3.2.1] octanone, which appeared first time in any natural product that might be an artifact resulting from the acid-catalyzed 1,2 alkyl shift/rearrangement. The novel compound was screened for cytotoxic activity against a panel of 12 human cancer cell lines and exhibited weak cytotoxicity with IC50 values in the range of 34-86 μM (except for HEK-293 cells). Microscopic studies revealed that compound 1 induced apoptosis and autophagy in A549 cells. To further explore the signaling pathway involved, immunoblot analysis was performed that confirmed inhibition of apoptotic proteins PARP-1 and caspase-3 expression and upregulation of LC3B expression by compound 1. The compound was further subjected to molecular docking studies to evaluate its binding affinity with p110α, PARP-1, and caspase-3 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Goel
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Essha Chatterjee
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Biswajit Dey
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Nancy Tripathi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nivedita Bhardwaj
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Khattri
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Shreyans K. Jain
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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