1
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Toan TV, Anh LT, Minh Nguyet NT, Tu TA, Huy Phuc NH. AC conductivity study of mechanochemically synthesized solid electrolytes of Li 6-aM a/nnPS 5Cl (M = Ca, Mg, Ba, Zn, Al, Y). RSC Adv 2024; 14:16240-16247. [PMID: 38774607 PMCID: PMC11106650 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02621g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Argyrodite-type solid electrolytes of Li6PS5Cl doped with multivalent cations (Mg2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Y3+) were prepared via a mechanochemical synthesis method. The lattice constant (a0), interplanar spacing (d220, d311, d222), and micro-strain (ε) showed that the doping elements were incorporated into the crystal structure of Li6PS5Cl. The lattice constant and interplanar spacing of the doped samples were smaller than those of Li6PS5Cl. The prepared samples exhibited a positive lattice strain, and the substituted samples exhibited higher strains than Li6PS5Cl. The doped samples exhibited higher ionic conductivity than Li6PS5Cl at 25 °C. Li5.94Al0.02PS5Cl exhibited the highest σDC of approximately 2.36 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 25 °C. The charge carrier movement at the grain boundary changing from long-range diffusion in Li6PS5Cl to short-range diffusion in Li5.94Al0.02PS5Cl enhanced the conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Viet Toan
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Str., Dist. 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc Dist. Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Luu Tuan Anh
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Str., Dist. 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc Dist. Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc Dist. Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- VNU-HCM Key Laboratory for Material Technologies, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Str., Dist. 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Tran Anh Tu
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Str., Dist. 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc Dist. Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials - Ho Chi Minh City 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Huy Phuc
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Str., Dist. 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc Dist. Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials - Ho Chi Minh City 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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2
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Wang H, Huang W, Rao R, Zhu J, Chen H, Liu H, Li J, Li Q, Bai M, Wang X, Wang X, Liu T, Amine K, Wang Z. A Fluoride-Rich Solid-Like Electrolyte Stabilizing Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313135. [PMID: 38306967 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
To address the problems associated with Li metal anodes, a fluoride-rich solid-like electrolyte (SLE) that combines the benefits of solid-state and liquid electrolytes is presented. Its unique triflate-group-enhanced frame channels facilitate the formation of a functional inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which not only improves the reversibility and interfacial charge transfer of Li anodes but also ensures uniform and compact Li deposition. Furthermore, these triflate groups contribute to the decoupling of Li+ and provide hopping sites for rapid Li+ transport, enabling a high room-temperature ionic conductivity of 1.1 mS cm-1 and a low activation energy of 0.17 eV, making it comparable to conventional liquid electrolytes. Consequently, Li symmetric cells using such SLE achieve extremely stable plating/stripping cycling over 3500 h at 0.5 mA cm-2 and support a high critical current up to 2 mA cm-2. The assembled Li||LiFePO4 solid-like batteries exhibit exceptional cyclability for over 1 year and a half, even outperforming liquid cells. Additionally, high-voltage cylindrical cells and high-capacity pouch cells are demonstrated, corroborating much simpler processibility in battery assembly compared to all-solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huashan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Weiyuan Huang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ruijun Rao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Zhu
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huige Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jiashuai Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Qiufen Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Mengxi Bai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tongchao Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
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3
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Patel SV, Lacivita V, Liu H, Truong E, Jin Y, Wang E, Miara L, Kim R, Gwon H, Zhang R, Hung I, Gan Z, Jung SK, Hu YY. Charge-clustering induced fast ion conduction in 2LiX-GaF 3: A strategy for electrolyte design. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj9930. [PMID: 37992180 PMCID: PMC10664998 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
2LiX-GaF3 (X = Cl, Br, I) electrolytes offer favorable features for solid-state batteries: mechanical pliability and high conductivities. However, understanding the origin of fast ion transport in 2LiX-GaF3 has been challenging. The ionic conductivity order of 2LiCl-GaF3 (3.20 mS/cm) > 2LiBr-GaF3 (0.84 mS/cm) > 2LiI-GaF3 (0.03 mS/cm) contradicts binary LiCl (10-12 S/cm) < LiBr (10-10 S/cm) < LiI (10-7 S/cm). Using multinuclear 7Li, 71Ga, 19F solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional theory simulations, we found that Ga(F,X)n polyanions boost Li+-ion transport by weakening Li+-X- interactions via charge clustering. In 2LiBr-GaF3 and 2LiI-GaF3, Ga-X coordination is reduced with decreased F participation, compared to 2LiCl-GaF3. These insights will inform electrolyte design based on charge clustering, applicable to various ion conductors. This strategy could prove effective for producing highly conductive multivalent cation conductors such as Ca2+ and Mg2+, as charge clustering of carboxylates in proteins is found to decrease their binding to Ca2+ and Mg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawankumar V. Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Valentina Lacivita
- Advanced Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology-America, Samsung Semiconductor Inc., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Haoyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Erica Truong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Yongkang Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Advanced Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology-America, Samsung Semiconductor Inc., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lincoln Miara
- Advanced Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology-America, Samsung Semiconductor Inc., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ryounghee Kim
- Battery Material Lab, Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjo Gwon
- Battery Material Lab, Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Rongfu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Sung-Kyun Jung
- Battery Material Lab, Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919. Republic of Korea
| | - Yan-Yan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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4
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Mercadier B, Coles SW, Duttine M, Legein C, Body M, Borkiewicz OJ, Lebedev O, Morgan BJ, Masquelier C, Dambournet D. Dynamic Lone Pairs and Fluoride-Ion Disorder in Cubic-BaSnF 4. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23739-23754. [PMID: 37844155 PMCID: PMC10623577 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Introducing compositional or structural disorder within crystalline solid electrolytes is a common strategy for increasing their ionic conductivity. (M,Sn)F2 fluorites have previously been proposed to exhibit two forms of disorder within their cationic host frameworks: occupational disorder from randomly distributed M and Sn cations and orientational disorder from Sn(II) stereoactive lone pairs. Here, we characterize the structure and fluoride-ion dynamics of cubic BaSnF4, using a combination of experimental and computational techniques. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirms an average fluorite structure with {Ba,Sn} cation disorder, and the 119Sn Mössbauer spectrum demonstrates the presence of stereoactive Sn(II) lone pairs. X-ray total-scattering PDF analysis and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal a complex local structure with a high degree of intrinsic fluoride-ion disorder, where 1/3 of fluoride ions occupy octahedral "interstitial" sites: this fluoride-ion disorder is a consequence of repulsion between Sn lone pairs and fluoride ions that destabilizes Sn-coordinated tetrahedral fluoride-ion sites. Variable-temperature 19F NMR experiments and analysis of our molecular dynamics simulations reveal highly inhomogeneous fluoride-ion dynamics, with fluoride ions in Sn-rich local environments significantly more mobile than those in Ba-rich environments. Our simulations also reveal dynamical reorientation of the Sn lone pairs that is biased by the local cation configuration and coupled to the local fluoride-ion dynamics. We end by discussing the effect of host-framework disorder on long-range diffusion pathways in cubic BaSnF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briséïs Mercadier
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie, RS2E, FR CNRS
3459, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Physicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes
Interfaciaux, UMR CNRS 8234, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et de Chimie du Solides, UMR CNRS 7314, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Samuel W. Coles
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Quad
One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, The Faraday Institution, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Duttine
- Institut
de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS
5026, 33608 Pessac, France
| | - Christophe Legein
- Institut
des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le
Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Monique Body
- Institut
des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le
Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Olaf J. Borkiewicz
- X-ray
Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Oleg Lebedev
- Laboratoire
de Cristallographie et Sciences des Matériaux, CRISMAT, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Benjamin J. Morgan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Quad
One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, The Faraday Institution, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Masquelier
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie, RS2E, FR CNRS
3459, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et de Chimie du Solides, UMR CNRS 7314, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Damien Dambournet
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie, RS2E, FR CNRS
3459, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Physicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes
Interfaciaux, UMR CNRS 8234, 75005 Paris, France
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5
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Fedorov PP, Alexandrov AA, Bragina AG, Mayakova MN, Voronov VV, Tsygankova MV, Dyachenko AN, Ivanov VK. Preparation of Ba1 – xLaxF2 + x Solid Solution from Nitrate Melt. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622060079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Schweiger L, Hogrefe K, Gadermaier B, Rupp JLM, Wilkening HMR. Ionic Conductivity of Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Li 10GeP 2S 12: The Detrimental Impact of Local Disorder on Ion Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9597-9609. [PMID: 35608382 PMCID: PMC9185751 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Solids with extraordinarily
high Li+ dynamics are key
for high performance all-solid-state batteries. The thiophosphate
Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) belongs to the
best Li-ion conductors with an ionic conductivity exceeding 10 mS
cm–1 at ambient temperature. Recent molecular dynamics
simulations performed by Dawson and Islam predict that the ionic conductivity
of LGPS can be further enhanced by a factor of 3 if local disorder
is introduced. As yet, no experimental evidence exists supporting
this fascinating prediction. Here, we synthesized nanocrystalline
LGPS by high-energy ball-milling and probed the Li+ ion
transport parameters. Broadband conductivity spectroscopy in combination
with electric modulus measurements allowed us to precisely follow
the changes in Li+ dynamics. Surprisingly and against the
behavior of other electrolytes, bulk ionic conductivity turned out
to decrease with increasing milling time, finally leading to a reduction
of σ20°C by a factor of 10. 31P, 6Li NMR, and X-ray diffraction showed that ball-milling forms
a structurally heterogeneous sample with nm-sized LGPS crystallites
and amorphous material. At −135 °C, electrical relaxation
in the amorphous regions is by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude slower.
Careful separation of the amorphous and (nano)crystalline contributions
to overall ion transport revealed that in both regions, Li+ ion dynamics is slowed down compared to untreated LGPS. Hence, introducing
defects into the LGPS bulk structure via ball-milling
has a negative impact on ionic transport. We postulate that such a
kind of structural disorder is detrimental to fast ion transport in
materials whose transport properties rely on crystallographically
well-defined diffusion pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schweiger
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Katharina Hogrefe
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Bernhard Gadermaier
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Jennifer L M Rupp
- Electrochemical Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Electrochemical Materials, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - H Martin R Wilkening
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Graz 8010, Austria
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7
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Zänker S, Scholz G, Marquardt J, Emmerling F. Structural changes in Ba‐compounds of different hardness induced by high‐energy ball milling – evidenced by
137
Ba NMR and X‐ray powder diffraction. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Zänker
- Department Materials Chemistry Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 D-12489 Berlin Germany
- I Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 D-12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Gudrun Scholz
- I Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 D-12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Julien Marquardt
- Department Materials Chemistry Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 D-12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- Department Materials Chemistry Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 D-12489 Berlin Germany
- I Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 D-12489 Berlin Germany
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8
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Lithium ion transport in micro- and nanocrystalline lithium sulphide Li 2S. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ion dynamics in binary Li-bearing compounds such as LiF, Li2O and Li2S is rather poor. These compounds do, however, form as decomposition products at the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode materials in lithium-based batteries. They are expected to severely influence the charge transport across this electrode-electrolyte interface and, thus, the overall performance of such systems. Yet, ion dynamics in the nanostructured forms of these binary compounds has scarcely been investigated. Here, we prepared bulk nanostructured Li2S through high-energy ball milling and studied its temperature-dependent ionic conductivity by means of broadband impedance spectroscopy. It turned out that, compared to the unmilled form, Li+ ion conductivity in ball-milled Li2S increased by approximately 3 orders or magnitude. This striking increase is accompanied by a decrease of the average activation energy from ca. 0.9 eV to approximately 0.7 eV. Structural disorder, stress and local distortions are assumed to be responsible for this clear change in macroscopic transport parameters. Fast ion dynamics in or near the interfacial space charge zones might contribute to enhanced dynamics, too. We conclude that Li ion transport in interfacial Li2S, if present in a disordered nanostructured form in lithium-ion batteries, is much faster than originally thought for its ordered counterpart.
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9
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Gombotz M, Hogrefe K, Zettl R, Gadermaier B, Wilkening HMR. Fuzzy logic: about the origins of fast ion dynamics in crystalline solids. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200434. [PMID: 34628947 PMCID: PMC8503637 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance offers a wide range of tools to analyse ionic jump processes in crystalline and amorphous solids. Both high-resolution and time-domain [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] NMR helps throw light on the origins of rapid self-diffusion in materials being relevant for energy storage. It is well accepted that [Formula: see text] ions are subjected to extremely slow exchange processes in compounds with strong site preferences. The loss of this site preference may lead to rapid cation diffusion, as is also well known for glassy materials. Further examples that benefit from this effect include, e.g. cation-mixed, high-entropy fluorides [Formula: see text], Li-bearing garnets ([Formula: see text]) and thiophosphates such as [Formula: see text]. In non-equilibrium phases site disorder, polyhedra distortions, strain and the various types of defects will affect both the activation energy and the corresponding attempt frequencies. Whereas in [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) cation mixing influences F anion dynamics, in [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) the potential landscape can be manipulated by anion site disorder. On the other hand, in the mixed conductor [Formula: see text] cation-cation repulsions immediately lead to a boost in [Formula: see text] diffusivity at the early stages of chemical lithiation. Finally, rapid diffusion is also expected for materials that are able to guide the ions along (macroscopic) pathways with confined (or low-dimensional) dimensions, as is the case in layer-structured [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. Diffusion on fractal systems complements this type of diffusion. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Understanding fast-ion conduction in solid electrolytes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gombotz
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Stremayrgasse, 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - K. Hogrefe
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Stremayrgasse, 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - R. Zettl
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Stremayrgasse, 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - B. Gadermaier
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Stremayrgasse, 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - H. Martin. R. Wilkening
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Stremayrgasse, 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- ALISTORE – European Research Institute, CNRS FR3104, Hub de l’Energie, Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
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10
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Al-Hussaini L, Valange S, Gálvez ME, Launay F. Alternative ball-milling synthesis of vanadium-substituted polyoxometalates as catalysts for the aerobic cleavage of C-C and C-O bonds. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12850-12859. [PMID: 34581347 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01585k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium-substituted phosphomolybdic acids (H3+x[PMo12-xVxO40], denoted as Vx) are well-known oxidation catalysts that are generally prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of MoO3 and V2O5 in the presence of H3PO4. This synthesis procedure is highly energy consuming and the Vx yields are not always acceptable. In the present work, an alternative hybrid mechanochemical/hydrothermal synthesis of Vx is proposed, comprising the ball-milling of MoO3 and V2O5, followed by a hydrothermal attack. The resulting materials, with 2 ≤ x ≤ 3, obtained from this new route were compared, in terms of yield, energy consumption and catalytic activity, with a reference V3 sample prepared through a conventional hydrothermal treatment. The ball-milling step proved to lead not only to a shorter and far more energy-saving synthesis procedure, but also to high yields of Vx. Moreover, Vx from this alternative route proved to be generally more active than the conventionally prepared V3 in the aerobic oxidative cleavage of C-O and C-C bonds in 2-phenoxyacetophenone, used herein as a lignin model compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louay Al-Hussaini
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), F-75005 Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7190, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Sabine Valange
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, CNRS, ENSI Poitiers, B1, 1 rue Marcel Doré, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Maria Elena Gálvez
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7190, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Franck Launay
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), F-75005 Paris, France.
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11
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Gombotz M, Hogrefe K, Wilkening A, Gadermaier B, Wilkening M. F anion transport in nanocrystalline SmF3 and in mechanosynthesized, vacancy-rich Sm1—x
BaxF3—x. Z PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2021-3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nanostructured materials can show considerably different properties as compared to their coarse-grained counterparts. Especially prepared by high-energy ball milling they are to be characterized by a large fraction of point defects in the bulk and structurally disordered interfacial regions. Here, we explored how the overall conductivity of SmF3 can be enhanced by mechanical treatment and to which degree aliovalent substitution is able to further enhance anion transport. For this purpose nanocrystalline (hexagonal) SmF3 was prepared by high-energy ball milling; mechanosynthesis helped us to replace Sm3+ in SmF3 by Ba2+ and to create vacancies in the F anion sublattice. We observed a remarkable increase in total (direct current) conductivity when going from nano-SmF3 to Sm1−x
Ba
x
F3−x
for x = 0.1. Electrical modulus spectroscopy was used to further characterize the corresponding increase in electrical relaxation frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gombotz
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 , Graz , Austria
| | - Katharina Hogrefe
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 , Graz , Austria
| | - Alexandra Wilkening
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 , Graz , Austria
| | - Bernhard Gadermaier
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 , Graz , Austria
| | - Martin Wilkening
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 , Graz , Austria
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12
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Scholz G. Mechanochemistry of fluoride solids: from mechanical activation to mechanically stimulated synthesis. CHEMTEXTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40828-021-00133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This lecture text is focused on the comparatively young field of mechanochemistry of fluoride solids, considering both their mechanical activation and their mechanochemical synthesis. Beside a literature survey, the mechanochemical synthesis of binary fluorides MF2, MF3, of complex fluorides MMgF4, of solid solutions MaxMb1−xF2 or M1−xLnxF2+x (Ln: Y, Eu) and of fluorine-containing coordination polymers is presented. Owing to their interesting potential applications in the field of fluoride ion conductivity or luminescence properties when doped, most of the given examples are alkaline earth metal compounds. A short historical survey, remarks on peculiarities and consequences of mechanical activation as well as the necessary technical equipment for mechanochemical reactions precede the section.
Graphic abstract
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13
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Banik A, Famprikis T, Ghidiu M, Ohno S, Kraft MA, Zeier WG. On the underestimated influence of synthetic conditions in solid ionic conductors. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6238-6263. [PMID: 34084423 PMCID: PMC8115093 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06553f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of high-performance inorganic solid electrolytes is central to achieving high-energy- density solid-state batteries. Whereas these solid-state materials are often prepared via classic solid-state syntheses, recent efforts in the community have shown that mechanochemical reactions, solution syntheses, microwave syntheses, and various post-synthetic heat treatment routines can drastically affect the structure and microstructure, and with it, the transport properties of the materials. On the one hand, these are important considerations for the upscaling of a materials processing route for industrial applications and industrial production. On the other hand, it shows that the influence of the different syntheses on the materials' properties is neither well understood fundamentally nor broadly internalized well. Here we aim to review the recent efforts on understanding the influence of the synthetic procedure on the synthesis - (micro)structure - transport correlations in superionic conductors. Our aim is to provide the field of solid-state research a direction for future efforts to better understand current materials properties based on synthetic routes, rather than having an overly simplistic idea of any given composition having an intrinsic conductivity. We hope this review will shed light on the underestimated influence of synthesis on the transport properties of solid electrolytes toward the design of syntheses of future solid electrolytes and help guide industrial efforts of known materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Banik
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster Corrensstr. 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Theodosios Famprikis
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15 Delft 2629 JB Netherlands
| | - Michael Ghidiu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 D-35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Saneyuki Ohno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku 819-0395 Fukuoka Japan
| | - Marvin A Kraft
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster Corrensstr. 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Zeier
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster Corrensstr. 30 48149 Münster Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Münster (IEK-12), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Corrensstr. 46 48149 Münster Germany
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14
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Buchinskaya II, Ivanovskaya NA. Mechanosynthesis of Fluorite Solid Solution in the PbF2–CdF2 System. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774520060103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Brinek M, Hiebl C, Wilkening HMR. Understanding the Origin of Enhanced Li-Ion Transport in Nanocrystalline Argyrodite-Type Li 6PS 5I. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020; 32:4754-4766. [PMID: 32565618 PMCID: PMC7304077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Argyrodite-type Li6PS5X (X = Cl, Br) compounds are considered to act as powerful ionic conductors in next-generation all-solid-state lithium batteries. In contrast to Li6PS5Br and Li6PS5Cl compounds showing ionic conductivities on the order of several mS cm-1, the iodine compound Li6PS5I turned out to be a poor ionic conductor. This difference has been explained by anion site disorder in Li6PS5Br and Li6PS5Cl leading to facile through-going, that is, long-range ion transport. In the structurally ordered compound, Li6PS5I, long-range ion transport is, however, interrupted because the important intercage Li jump-diffusion pathway, enabling the ions to diffuse over long distances, is characterized by higher activation energy than that in the sibling compounds. Here, we introduced structural disorder in the iodide by soft mechanical treatment and took advantage of a high-energy planetary mill to prepare nanocrystalline Li6PS5I. A milling time of only 120 min turned out to be sufficient to boost ionic conductivity by 2 orders of magnitude, reaching σtotal = 0.5 × 10-3 S cm-1. We followed this noticeable increase in ionic conductivity by broad-band conductivity spectroscopy and 7Li nuclear magnetic relaxation. X-ray powder diffraction and high-resolution 6Li, 31P MAS NMR helped characterize structural changes and the extent of disorder introduced. Changes in attempt frequency, activation entropy, and charge carrier concentration seem to be responsible for this increase.
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16
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Hajji H, Nasr S, Millot N, Salem EB. Study of the effect of milling parameters on mechanosynthesis of hydroxyfluorapatite using the Taguchi method. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Molaiyan P, Witter R. Crystal phase and surface defect driven synthesis of Pb1−xSnxF2 solid solution electrolyte for fluoride ion batteries. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Gombotz M, Lunghammer S, Breuer S, Hanzu I, Preishuber-Pflügl F, Wilkening HMR. Spatial confinement – rapid 2D F− diffusion in micro- and nanocrystalline RbSn2F5. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1872-1883. [PMID: 30632556 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07206j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
NMR and conductivity spectroscopy reveal 2D diffusion in both microcrystalline and nanocrystalline RbSn2F5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gombotz
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Sarah Lunghammer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Stefan Breuer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Ilie Hanzu
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Alistore-ERI European Research Institute
| | - Florian Preishuber-Pflügl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - H. Martin R. Wilkening
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Alistore-ERI European Research Institute
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19
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Hanghofer I, Brinek M, Eisbacher SL, Bitschnau B, Volck M, Hennige V, Hanzu I, Rettenwander D, Wilkening HMR. Substitutional disorder: structure and ion dynamics of the argyrodites Li6PS5Cl, Li6PS5Br and Li6PS5I. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8489-8507. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00664h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Li NMR spectroscopy reveals rapid Li ion dynamics in the poor Li ion conductor Li6PS5I; long-range motion is, however, only possible for Li6PS5Br and Li6PS5Cl with anion site disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Hanghofer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - M. Brinek
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - S. L. Eisbacher
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - B. Bitschnau
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | | | | | - I. Hanzu
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Alistore-ERI European Research Institute
| | - D. Rettenwander
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - H. M. R. Wilkening
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Alistore-ERI European Research Institute
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20
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Fluorine Translational Anion Dynamics in Nanocrystalline Ceramics: SrF2-YF3 Solid Solutions. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Prutsch D, Breuer S, Uitz M, Bottke P, Langer J, Lunghammer S, Philipp M, Posch P, Pregartner V, Stanje B, Dunst A, Wohlmuth D, Brandstätter H, Schmidt W, Epp V, Chadwick A, Hanzu I, Wilkening M. Nanostructured Ceramics: Ionic Transport and Electrochemical Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2016-0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCeramics with nm-sized dimensions are widely used in various applications such as batteries, fuel cells or sensors. Their oftentimes superior electrochemical properties as well as their capabilities to easily conduct ions are, however, not completely understood. Depending on the method chosen to prepare the materials, nanostructured ceramics may be equipped with a large area fraction of interfacial regions that exhibit structural disorder. Elucidating the relationship between microscopic disorder and ion dynamics as well as electrochemical performance is necessary to develop new functionalized materials. Here, we highlight some of the very recent studies on ion transport and electrochemical properties of nanostructured ceramics. Emphasis is put on TiO
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22
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Cuerva C, Campo JA, Cano M, Schmidt R. Nanostructured discotic Pd(ii) metallomesogens as one-dimensional proton conductors. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:96-105. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bis(isoquinolinylpyrazolate) Pd(ii) metallomesogens may be a promising step forward in the design of highly-stable proton conducting water-free electrolyte materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - José A. Campo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - Mercedes Cano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - Rainer Schmidt
- GFMC. Departamento de Física Aplicada III
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
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23
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Battiato S, Deschanvres JL, Roussel H, Rapenne L, Doisneau B, Condorelli GG, Muñoz-Rojas D, Jiménez C, Malandrino G. The quest towards epitaxial BaMgF 4 thin films: exploring MOCVD as a chemical scalable approach for the deposition of complex metal fluoride films. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17833-17842. [PMID: 27774549 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Conventional and Pulsed Liquid Injection MOCVD processes (C-MOCVD and PLI-MOCVD) have been explored as synthetic routes for the growth of BaMgF4 on Si (100) and single crystalline SrTiO3 (100) substrates. For the two applied approaches, the volatile, thermally stable β-diketonate complexes Ba(hfa)2tetraglyme and Mg(hfa)2(diglyme)2(H2O)2 have been used as single precursors (C-MOCVD) or as a solution multimetal source (PLI-MOCVD). Structural characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed the formation of epitaxial BaMgF4 films on SrTiO3 substrates. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses have been used to confirm composition and purity of deposited films. The impact of process parameters on film properties has been addressed, highlighting the strong influence of precursor ratio, deposition temperature and oxygen partial pressure on composition, microstructure and morphology of the films. Both methods appear well suited for the growth of the BaMgF4 phase, but while PLI-MOCVD yields a more straightforward control of the precursor composition that reflects on film stoichiometry, C-MOCVD provides easier control of the degree of texturing as a function of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Battiato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, INSTM UdR-Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy.
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24
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Wilkening M, Düvel A, Preishuber-Pflügl F, da Silva K, Breuer S, Šepelák V, Heitjans P. Structure and ion dynamics of mechanosynthesized oxides and fluorides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2016-1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In many cases, limitations in conventional synthesis routes hamper the accessibility to materials with properties that have been predicted by theory. For instance, metastable compounds with local non-equilibrium structures can hardly be accessed by solid-state preparation techniques often requiring high synthesis temperatures. Also other ways of preparation lead to the thermodynamically stable rather than metastable products. Fortunately, such hurdles can be overcome by mechanochemical synthesis. Mechanical treatment of two or three starting materials in high-energy ball mills enables the synthesis of not only new, metastable compounds but also of nanocrystalline materials with unusual or enhanced properties such as ion transport. In this short review we report about local structures and ion transport of oxides and fluorides mechanochemically prepared by high-energy ball-milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wilkening
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (member of NAWI Graz), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3-3a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andre Düvel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Zentrum für Festkörperchemie und Neue Materialien (ZFM), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3-3a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Preishuber-Pflügl
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (member of NAWI Graz), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Klebson da Silva
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3-3a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Physics of Materials, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020900 Maringá, Brazil
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Breuer
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (member of NAWI Graz), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Vladimir Šepelák
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Paul Heitjans
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Zentrum für Festkörperchemie und Neue Materialien (ZFM), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3-3a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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