1
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Berg I, Schio L, Reitz J, Molteni E, Lahav L, Bolaños CG, Goldoni A, Grazioli C, Fratesi G, Hansmann MM, Floreano L, Gross E. Self-Assembled Monolayers of N-Heterocyclic Olefins on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311832. [PMID: 37743324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) have been prepared on Au(111) and their thermal stability, adsorption geometry, and molecular order were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, polarized X-ray absorption spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The strong σ-bond character of NHO anchoring to Au induced high geometrical flexibility that enabled a flat-lying adsorption geometry via coordination to a gold adatom. The flat-lying adsorption geometry was utilized to further increase the surface interaction of the NHO monolayer by backbone functionalization with methyl groups that induced high thermal stability and a large impact on work-function values, which outperformed that of N-heterocyclic carbenes. STM measurements, supported by DFT modeling, identified that the NHOs were self-assembled in dimers, trimers, and tetramers constructed of two, three, and four complexes of NHO-Au-adatom. This self-assembly pattern was correlated to strong NHO-Au interactions and steric hindrance between adsorbates, demonstrating the crucial influence of the carbon-metal σ-bond on monolayer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Berg
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Luca Schio
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, Trieste, 34012, Italy
| | - Justus Reitz
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elena Molteni
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli'' Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Linoy Lahav
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | | | - Andrea Goldoni
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, Trieste, 34012, Italy
| | - Guido Fratesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli'' Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Max M Hansmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, Trieste, 34012, Italy
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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2
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Hoidn CM, Trabitsch K, Schwedtmann K, Taube C, Weigand JJ, Wolf R. Formation of a Hexaphosphido Cobalt Complex through P-P Condensation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301930. [PMID: 37489883 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The reaction between diphosphorus derivatives [(Cl ImDipp )P2 (Dipp)]OTf (1[OTf]) and [(Cl ImDipp )P2 (Dipp)Cl] (1[Cl]) with the cyclotetraphosphido cobalt complex [K(18c-6)][(PHDI)Co(η4 -cyclo-P4 )] (2) leads to the formation of complex [(PHDI)Co{η4 -cyclo-P6 (Dipp)(Cl ImDipp )}] (3), which features an unusual hexaphosphido ligand [Cl ImDipp =4,5-dichloro-1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-yl, Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl, 18c-6=18-crown-6, PHDI=bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)phenanthrene-9,10-diimine]. Complex 3 was obtained as a crystalline material with a moderate yield at low temperature. Upon exposure to ambient temperature, compound 3 slowly transforms into two other compounds, [K(18c-6)][(PHDI)Co(η4 -P7 Dipp)] (4) and [(PHDI)Co{cyclo-P5 (Cl ImDipp )}] (5). The novel complexes 3-5 were characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. To shed light on the formation of these compounds, a proposed mechanism based on 31 P NMR monitoring studies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Hoidn
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Trabitsch
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- TU Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Taube
- TU Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- TU Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Pasyukov DV, Shevchenko MA, Astakhov AV, Minyaev ME, Zhang Y, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. New class of RSO 2-NHC ligands and Pd/RSO 2-NHC complexes with tailored electronic properties and high performance in catalytic C-C and C-N bonds formation. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12067-12086. [PMID: 37581341 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolium salts have found ubiquitous applications as N-heterocyclic carbene precursors and metal nanoparticle stabilizers in catalysis and metallodrug research. Substituents directly attached to the imidazole ring can have a significant influence on the electronic, steric, and other properties of NHC-proligands as well as their metal complexes. In the present study, for the first time, a new type of Pd/NHC complex with the RSO2 group directly attached to the imidazol-2-ylidene ligand core was designed and synthesized. The electronic properties as well as structural features of the new ligands were evaluated by means of experimental and computational methods. Interestingly, the introduction of a 4-aryl(alkyl)sulfonyl group only slightly decreased the electron donation, but it significantly increased the π-acceptance and slightly enhanced the buried volume (%Vbur) of new imidazol-2-ylidenes. New Pd/NHC complexes were obtained through selective C(2)H-palladation of some of the synthesized 4-RSO2-functionalized imidazolium salts under mild conditions. Several complexes demonstrated good activity in the catalysis of model cross-coupling reactions, outperforming the activity of similar complexes with non-substituted NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Pasyukov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Maxim A Shevchenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander V Astakhov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail E Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, Nengyuan Road, Wushan Street, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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4
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Marczyk A, Trzaskowski B. Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts Bearing Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: A Computational Study on Failed Approaches to Their Synthesis. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marczyk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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1,1-Enediamines as highly polarized olefin ligands. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Padunnappattu A, Duhayon C, César V, Canac Y. Bis( N-cyclopropenio)-imidazol-2-ylidene: An N-Heterocyclic Carbene Bearing Two N-Cationic Substituents. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Padunnappattu
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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7
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Böhme MD, Eder T, Röthel MB, Dutschke PD, Wilm LFB, Hahn FE, Dielmann F. Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Complexes by Chloronium Ion Abstraction from 2-Chloroazolium Salts Using Electron-Rich Phosphines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202190. [PMID: 35230738 PMCID: PMC9401039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are commonly prepared by deprotonation of azolium salts using strong anionic bases. This reaction is often unselective, yielding alkali metal NHC complexes or dimerized NHCs. Alternatively, free NHCs are obtained by the dechlorination of 2‐chloroazolium salts using electron‐rich phosphines. PPh3, PCy3, and PtBu3 are unsuitable for Cl+ abstraction, while the sterically encumbered tris(1,3‐tert‐butylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidenamino)phosphine 1 selectively removes Cl+ from 2‐chloroazolium salts. Since bulky 1 does not bind to metal complexes, it was used for the preparation of NHC complexes via in situ Cl+ abstraction from 2‐chloroazolium salts. The dechlorination was employed for the site‐selective monometallation with IrI, IrIII, RhI, RhIII, and RuII of a bis‐NHC precursor composed of a 2‐chlorobenzimidazolium and a 2‐chlorobenzimidazole group, followed by the preparation of the heterobimetallic IrIII/PdII complex [18](BF4)2 by a dechlorination/oxidative addition reaction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D Böhme
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 39, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Eder
- Institute of General and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maike B Röthel
- Institute of General and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick D Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 39, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas F B Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 39, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - F Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 39, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institute of General and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Böhme MD, Eder T, Röthel MB, Dutschke PD, Wilm LFB, Hahn FE, Dielmann F. Synthese
N
‐heterocyclischer Carbene und ihrer Komplexe durch Chloroniumionabstraktion von 2‐Chlorazoliumsalzen mit elektronenreichen Phosphanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D. Böhme
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Tobias Eder
- Institut für Allgemeine und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Maike B. Röthel
- Institut für Allgemeine und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Patrick D. Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lukas F. B. Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Allgemeine und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
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9
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D̵ord̵ević N, Huynh HV. Stereoelectronic Evaluation of Pyrazole- and Indazole-Derived N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja D̵ord̵ević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117453, Republic of Singapore
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117453, Republic of Singapore
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10
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Siewert JE, Schumann A, Hering-Junghans C. Phosphine-catalysed reductive coupling of dihalophosphanes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15111-15117. [PMID: 34611690 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03095g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Classically tetraaryl diphosphanes have been synthesized through Wurtz-type reductive coupling of halophosphanes R2PX or more recently, through the dehydrocoupling of phosphines R2PH. Catalytic variants of the dehydrocoupling reaction have been reported, but are limited to R2PH compounds. Using PEt3 as a catalyst, we now show that TipPBr2 (Tip = 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2) is selectively coupled to give the dibromodiphosphane (TipPBr)2 (1), a compound not accessible using classic Mg reduction. Surprisingly, when using DipPBr2 (Dip = 2,6-iPr3C6H3) in the PEt3 catalysed reductive coupling the diphosphene (PDip)2 (2) with a PP double was formed selectively. In benzene solutions (PDip)2 has a half life time of ca. 28 days and can be utilized with NHCs to access NHC-phosphinidene adducts. To show that this protocol is more widely applicable, we show that Ph2PCl and Mes2PX (X = Cl, Br) are efficiently coupled using 10 mol% of PEt3 to give (Ph2P)2 and (Mes2P)2, respectively. Control experiments show that [BrPEt3]Br is a potential oxidation product in the catalytic cycle, which can be debrominated by Zn dust as a sacrificial reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Erik Siewert
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), A.-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - André Schumann
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), A.-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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11
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Barrett AN, Woof CR, Goult CA, Gasperini D, Mahon MF, Webster RL. Hydrogen/Halogen Exchange of Phosphines for the Rapid Formation of Cyclopolyphosphines. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16826-16833. [PMID: 34647448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen/halogen exchange of phosphines has been exploited to establish a truly useable substrate scope and straightforward methodology for the formation of cyclopolyphosphines. Starting from a single dichlorophosphine, a sacrificial proton "donor phosphine" makes the rapid, mild synthesis of cyclopolyphosphines possible: reactions are complete within 10 min at room temperature. Novel (aryl)cyclopentaphosphines (ArP)5 have been formed in good conversion, with the crystal structures presented. The use of catalytic quantities of iron(III) acetylacetonate provides significant improvements in conversion in the context of diphosphine (Ar2P)2 and alkyl-substituted cyclotetra- or cyclopentaphosphine ((AlkylP)n, where n = 4 or 5) formation. Both iron-free and iron-mediated reactions show high levels of selectivity for one specific ring size. Finally, investigations into the reactivity of Fe(acac)3 suggest that the iron species is acting as a sink for the hydrochloric acid byproduct of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Callum R Woof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Goult
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Danila Gasperini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth L Webster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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12
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Philipp MSM, Krahfuss MJ, Radacki K, Radius U. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Adducts of Antimony(III). Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. M. Philipp
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mirjam J. Krahfuss
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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13
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Guo CX, Yogendra S, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Hennersdorf F, Steup J, Schwedtmann K, Weigand JJ. A convenient access to fluorophosphonium triflate salts by electrophilic fluorination and anion exchange. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The in situ one-pot electrophilic fluorination of phosphanes with NFSI followed by anion exchange with MeOTf gives highly electrophilic fluorophosphonium triflates – highly efficient catalysts for the synthesis of N-sulfonylamidines from amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiang Guo
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- TU Dresden
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Sivathmeehan Yogendra
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- TU Dresden
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Rosa M. Gomila
- Department of Chemistry
- Universitat de Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry
- Universitat de Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- TU Dresden
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Johannes Steup
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- TU Dresden
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- TU Dresden
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Jan J. Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- TU Dresden
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
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14
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Schoemaker R, Schwedtmann K, Hennersdorf F, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Weigand JJ. Toward N,P-Doped π-Extended PAHs: A One-Pot Synthesis to Diannulated 1,4,2-Diazaphospholium Triflate Salts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14420-14434. [PMID: 32351111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the one-pot synthesis of diannulated 1,4,2-diazaphospholium triflate salts by a Me3SiOTf-mediated self-condensation of dichlorophosphaneyl aza-(poly)cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (aza-(P)AHs; namely, pyridine, quinoline, phenanthridine, and benzo[d]thiazole) is reported. The diannulated 1,4,2-diazaphospholium triflate salts are characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, as well as their calculated NICS values, underlining their aromatic character. Quantum mechanical calculations shed light on the intermolecular reaction mechanism. Follow up chemistry, such as the halogenation reaction with XeF2 or SO2Cl2 with the dipyridinium derivative selectively yields the respective dihalo-σ4,λ5- and tetrahalo-σ5,λ6-diazaphospholium triflate salts. The dihalo-σ4,λ5-diazaphospholium triflate salt serves well as a surrogate for the introduction of the cationic 2-(1,2'-bipyridin)-1-iumyl ligand (1,2'-bipyl), the monocationic structural isomer of the prototypical 2,2'-bipyridine ligand (2,2'-bipy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schoemaker
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
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15
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Wellnitz T, Hering‐Junghans C. Synthesis and Reactivity of Monocyclic Homoleptic Oligophosphanes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wellnitz
- Junior Research Groups Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Rostock (LIKAT Rostock) Albert‐Einstein‐Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Christian Hering‐Junghans
- Junior Research Groups Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Rostock (LIKAT Rostock) Albert‐Einstein‐Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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16
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17
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Jawiczuk M, Marczyk A, Młodzikowska-Pieńko K, Trzaskowski B. Impact of the Carbene Derivative Charge on the Decomposition Rates of Hoveyda-Grubbs-like Metathesis Catalysts. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6158-6167. [PMID: 32639748 PMCID: PMC7460089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Hoveyda–Grubbs
metathesis catalysts undergo a relatively
fast decomposition in the presence of olefins. Using a computational
density functional theory approach, we show that positively charged
derivatives of N-heterocyclic carbenes have little impact on the degradation/deactivation
rates of such catalysts with respect to neutral carbenes. On the other
hand, the hypothetical anionic Hoveyda–Grubbs-like catalysts
are predicted to less likely undergo degradation in the presence of
the olefin, while being as active as standard, neutral Hoveyda–Grubbs
catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jawiczuk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Marczyk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Młodzikowska-Pieńko
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
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18
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Hölzel T, Ganter C. Influence of ring substituents on the electronic properties of 1,2,4-triazolylidenes. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Hansmann MM, Antoni PW, Pesch H. Stable Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Olefins (mNHOs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5782-5787. [PMID: 31863704 PMCID: PMC7154647 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a new class of stable mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins, featuring a highly polarized (strongly ylidic) double bond. The ground-state structure cannot be described through an uncharged mesomeric Lewis-structure, thereby structurally distinguishing them from traditional N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs). mNHOs can easily be obtained through deprotonation of the corresponding methylated N,N'-diaryl-1,2,3-triazolium and N,N'-diaryl-imidazolium salts, respectively. In their reactivity, they represent strong σ-donor ligands as shown by their coordination complexes of rhodium and boron. Their calculated proton affinities, their experimentally derived basicities (competition experiments), as well as donor abilities (Tolman electronic parameter; TEP) exceed the so far reported class of NHOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieTechnische Universität DortmundOtto-Hahn-Str. 644227DortmundGermany
- Georg-August Universität GöttingenInstitut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Patrick W. Antoni
- Georg-August Universität GöttingenInstitut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Henner Pesch
- Georg-August Universität GöttingenInstitut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
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20
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Barthes C, Duhayon C, Canac Y, César V. N-Cyclopropenio-imidazol-2-ylidene: An N-heterocyclic carbene bearing an N-cationic substituent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3305-3308. [PMID: 32073051 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cationic NHC 1+ bearing an N-bound 2,3-bis(diisopropylamino)cyclopropenium group is reported. From an easily available dicationic imidazolium precursor, the coordination abilities and stereo-electronic properties of 1+ are evaluated by the formation of Pd(ii), Rh(i) and Au(i) complexes. The cationic gold(i) complex is implemented in representative intramolecular Au(i)-catalyzed cyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Barthes
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
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21
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Hansmann MM, Antoni PW, Pesch H. Stable Mesoionic N‐Heterocyclic Olefins (mNHOs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Patrick W. Antoni
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Henner Pesch
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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22
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Cicač-Hudi M, Feil CM, Birchall N, Nieger M, Gudat D. Proton transfer vs. oligophosphine formation by P–C/P–H σ-bond metathesis: decoding the competing Brønsted and Lewis type reactivities of imidazolio-phosphines. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17401-17413. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03633a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic imidazolio-phosphines show two-sided reactivity towards bases, undergoing either Brønsted-type proton transfer to imidazolio-phosphides or autocatalytic Lewis acid/base reaction cascades to yield P-free imidazolium ions and oligophosphines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cicač-Hudi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Stuttgart
- 70550 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Christoph M. Feil
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Stuttgart
- 70550 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Nicholas Birchall
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Stuttgart
- 70550 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Stuttgart
- 70550 Stuttgart
- Germany
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23
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Gomila RM, Frontera A. Charge assisted halogen and pnictogen bonds: insights from the Cambridge Structural Database and DFT calculations. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript combines a search in the Cambridge Structural Database and DFT calculations to analyse the existence and importance of charge assisted pnictogen and halogen bonds in halophosphonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Gomila
- Serveis Cientificotècnics
- University of Balearic Islands
- Palma
- Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
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24
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Schoemaker R, Schwedtmann K, Franconetti A, Frontera A, Hennersdorf F, Weigand JJ. Controlled scrambling reactions to polyphosphanes via bond metathesis reactions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:11054-11063. [PMID: 32190255 PMCID: PMC7066665 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04501e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triphosphanes R'2PP(R)PR'2 (9a,c: R = Py; 9b R = BTz), 1,3-diphenyl-2-pyridyl-triphospholane 9d and pentaphospholanes (RP)5 (13: R = Py; 18: R = BTz) are obtained in high yield of up to 98% from the reaction of dipyrazolylphosphanes RPpyr2 (5: R = Py; 6: R = BTz; pyr = 1,3-dimethylpyrazolyl) and the respective secondary phosphane (R'2PH, R' = Cy (9a,b), t Bu (9c); PhPH(CH2)2PHPh (9d)). The formation of derivatives 9a-d proceeds via a condensation reaction while the formation of 13 and 18 can only be explained by a selective scrambling reaction. We realized that the reaction outcome is strongly solvent dependent as outlined by the controlled scrambling reaction pathway towards pentaphospholane 13. In our further investigations to apply these compounds as ligands we first confined ourselves to the coordination chemistry of triphosphane 9a with respect to coinage metal salts and discussed the observation of different syn- and anti-isomeric metal complexes based on NMR and X-ray analyses as well as quantum chemical calculations. Methylation reactions of 9a with MeOTf yield triphosphan-1-ium Cy2MePP(Py)PCy2 + (10 +) and triphosphane-1,3-diium Cy2MePP(Py)PMeCy2 2+ (11 2+) cations as triflate salts. Salt 11[OTf]2 reacts with pentaphospholane 13 in an unprecedented chain growth reaction to give the tetraphosphane-1,4-diium triflate salt Cy2MePP(Py)P(Py)PMeCy2 2+ (19[OTf]2) via a P-P/P-P bond metathesis reaction. The latter salt is unstable in solution and rearranges via a rare [1,2]-migration of the Cy2MeP-group followed by the elimination of the triphosph-2-en-1-ium cation [Cy2MePPPMeCy2]+ (20 +) to yield a novel 1,4,2-diazaphospholium salt (21[OTf]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schoemaker
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , 01062 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , 01062 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Antonio Franconetti
- Department of Chemistry , Universitat de Illes Balears , 07122 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry , Universitat de Illes Balears , 07122 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , 01062 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , 01062 Dresden , Germany .
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25
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Schumann A, Reiß F, Jiao H, Rabeah J, Siewert JE, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Hering-Junghans C. A selective route to aryl-triphosphiranes and their titanocene-induced fragmentation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7859-7867. [PMID: 31853345 PMCID: PMC6839504 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triphosphiranes are three-membered phosphorus cycles and their fundamental reactivity has been studied in recent decades. We recently developed a high-yielding, selective synthesis for various aryl-substituted triphosphiranes. Variation of the reaction conditions in combination with theoretical studies helped to rationalize the formation of these homoleptic phosphorus ring systems and highly reactive intermediates could be isolated. In addition we showed that a titanocene synthon [Cp2Ti(btmsa)] facilitates the selective conversion of these triphosphiranes into titanocene diphosphene complexes. This unexpected reactivity mode was further studied theoretically and experimental evidence is presented for the proposed reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
| | - Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
| | - Jan-Erik Siewert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Christian Hering-Junghans
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
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26
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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27
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Danopoulos AA, Simler T, Braunstein P. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3730-3961. [PMID: 30843688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands across the Periodic Table had an impact on various aspects of the coordination, organometallic, and catalytic chemistry of the 3d metals, including Cu, Ni, and Co, both from the fundamental viewpoint but also in applications, including catalysis, photophysics, bioorganometallic chemistry, materials, etc. In this review, the emergence, development, and state of the art in these three areas are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Danopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou , Athens GR 15771 , Greece.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Thomas Simler
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
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28
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Danopoulos AA, Massard A, Frison G, Braunstein P. Iron and Cobalt Metallotropism in Remote-Substituted NHC Ligands: Metalation to Abnormal NHC Complexes or NHC Ring Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A. Danopoulos
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
- Chemistry Department; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Alexandre Massard
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Gilles Frison
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique; Université Paris-Saclay; 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
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29
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Danopoulos AA, Massard A, Frison G, Braunstein P. Iron and Cobalt Metallotropism in Remote-Substituted NHC Ligands: Metalation to Abnormal NHC Complexes or NHC Ring Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14550-14554. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A. Danopoulos
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
- Chemistry Department; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Alexandre Massard
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Gilles Frison
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique; Université Paris-Saclay; 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
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30
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Kariuki BM, Newman PD. Asymmetric Cationic Phosphines: Synthesis, Coordination Chemistry, and Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9554-9563. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul D. Newman
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K. CF10 3AT
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31
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Canac Y. Carbeniophosphines versus Phosphoniocarbenes: The Role of the Positive Charge. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1872-1887. [PMID: 29761658 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of carbeniophosphines and phosphoniocarbenes, which have general structures derived formally from the three-component "carbene/phosphine/positive charge" association, is presented. These two complementary classes of carbon-phosphorus-based ligands, defined by the presence of an inverted cationic coordinating structure (C+ ∼P: vs. P+ ∼C:) have the common purpose of positioning a positive charge in the vicinity of the metal center. Through selected examples, the synthetic methods, coordination properties, and general reactivity of both cationic species is described. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of the positive charge on the respective chemical behavior of the two classes of compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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32
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Schwedtmann K, Zanoni G, Weigand JJ. Recent Advances in Imidazoliumyl-Substituted Phosphorus Compounds. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1388-1405. [PMID: 29573181 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the recent developments in the chemistry of selected imidazoliumyl-substituted phosphorus compounds. The synthetic approaches for their preparation with phosphorus in various oxidation states and coordination environments are discussed. Their intriguing properties and versatile chemistry strongly depends on the bonding motif at the P atoms, which is given special focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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33
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Huynh HV. Electronic Properties of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Experimental Determination. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9457-9492. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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34
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Szynkiewicz N, Ponikiewski Ł, Grubba R. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical diphosphanes with diversified alkyl, aryl, and amino substituents. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16885-16894. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03775b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, classification, and analysis of the structural, electronic and spectroscopic properties of a series of novel diphosphanes with diversified substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szynkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Gdańsk University of Technology
- Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Łukasz Ponikiewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Gdańsk University of Technology
- Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Rafał Grubba
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Gdańsk University of Technology
- Gdansk
- Poland
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35
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Iglesias-Sigüenza J, Izquierdo C, Díez E, Fernández R, Lassaletta JM. N-Heterotricyclic cationic carbene ligands. Synthesis, reactivity and coordination chemistry. Dalton Trans 2018. [PMID: 29528072 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00213d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes based on cationic N-heterotricyclic carbenes have been synthesized and the impact of charge delocalization on their electronic properties has been analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Iglesias-Sigüenza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Cristina Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Elena Díez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - José M. Lassaletta
- Instituto Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-USe) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
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36
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Hölzel T, Otto M, Buhl H, Ganter C. An Extremely Electron Poor Cationic Triazoliumylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbene: Experimental and Computational Studies. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Hölzel
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße
1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Otto
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße
1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannes Buhl
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße
1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Ganter
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße
1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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37
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Ruamps M, Lugan N, César V. Experimental Assessment of the π-Acidity of Anionic and Neutral Malonate-Derived N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Ruamps
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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38
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Waters JB, Tucker LS, Goicoechea JM. Deprotonation of Group 14 Metal Amide Complexes Bearing Ditopic Carbanionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Constitutional Isomerism and Dynamic Behavior. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B. Waters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Lajoy S. Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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39
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Ruamps
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
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41
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Wilkins LC, Melen RL, Platts JA, Newman PD. Amidine functionalized phosphines: tuneable ligands for transition metals. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14234-14243. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03343e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A diastereomeric, cationic phosphine ligand [α,β-CgPAmMe]+ composed of a chiral amidinium substituent and a racemic phosphacycle has been prepared and compared to its neutral parent α,β-CgPAm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul D. Newman
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- CF10 3AT
- UK
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42
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Benaissa I, Taakili R, Lugan N, Canac Y. A convenient access to N-phosphonio-substituted NHC metal complexes [M = Ag(i), Rh(i), Pd(ii)]. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12293-12305. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NHC Pd(ii) complexes featuring a propyl bridge were ionized by the introduction of a phosphonium moiety, which may coordinate to the metal center or remain pendant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idir Benaissa
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Rachid Taakili
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
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43
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Koner A, Serin SC, Schnakenburg G, Patrick BO, Gates DP, Streubel R. Exploring the chemistry of backbone amino(chloro)phosphanyl-substituted imidazole-2-thiones. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:10504-10514. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01859b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Backbone amino(chloro)phosphanyl-substituted imidazole-2-thiones were synthesized and their potential as starting material for backbone phosphaalkenyl substituted imidazole-2-thiones studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Spencer C. Serin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
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44
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Kyri AW, Kunzmann R, Schnakenburg G, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Streubel R. Synthesis of a monomolecular anionic FLP complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13361-13364. [PMID: 27782248 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07081g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense research in FLP chemistry, nothing is known about monomolecular anionic FLPs and/or complexes thereof. Herein, synthesis and reaction of the first anionic FLP complex is described using [(OC)5W{(Me3Si)2HCP(H)OLi(12-crown-4)}], Cy2BCl and subsequent deprotonation by KHMDS. The obtained anionic FLP complex reacts readily with CO2 in a concerted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Kyri
- Institut for Inorganic Chemistry of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhardt-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - R Kunzmann
- Institut for Inorganic Chemistry of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhardt-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - G Schnakenburg
- Institut for Inorganic Chemistry of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhardt-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Z-W Qu
- Mulliken Center of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - S Grimme
- Mulliken Center of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - R Streubel
- Institut for Inorganic Chemistry of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhardt-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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