1
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Parimi A, Mosher E, Schreckenbach G. Periodic trends in trivalent actinide halides, phosphates, and arsenates. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:18035-18044. [PMID: 37987618 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited abundance of the actinide elements, computational methods, for now, remain an exclusive avenue to investigate the periodic trends across the actinide series. As every actinide element can exhibit a +3-oxidation state, we have explored model systems of gas-phase actinide trihalides, phosphates, and arsenates across the series to capture the periodic trends. By doing so, we were able to capture the periodic trends down the halogen series as well, and for the first time we are reporting a study on actinide astatides. Using scalar and spin-orbit relativistic Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we have explored the variations in bond lengths, bond angles, and the charges on actinides (An). Despite the use of different sets of ligands, the trends remain similar. The properties of trivalent Pa, U, Np, and Pu are nearly identical; similar ionic radii could be the reason. The actinide elements show a tendency to exhibit a pre-Pu and a post-Cm behaviour, with Am acting as a switch. This could be due to the change in the behaviour from d-f-type to f-filling/d-type at around Pu-Cm in the actinides as already proposed in the previous literature. Bond lengths in the AnX3 increase down the halide series, and the atomic charges decrease on the actinide elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Parimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Emmalee Mosher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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2
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Jennifer G A, Gao Y, Schreckenbach G, Varathan E. Periodic Trends in the Stabilization of Actinyls in Their Higher Oxidation States Using Pyrrophen Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6920-6933. [PMID: 37104857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the prominent existence and unique chemistry of actinyls, their complexation with suitable ligands is of significant interest. The complexation of high-valent actinyl moieties (An = U, Np, Pu and Am) with the acyclic sal-porphyrin analogue called "pyrrophen" (L(1)) and its dimethyl derivative (L(2)) with four nitrogen and two oxygen donor atoms was studied using relativistic density functional theory. Based on the periodic trends, the [UVO2-L(1)/L(2)]1- complexes show shorter bond lengths and higher bond orders that increase across the series of pentavalent actinyl complexes mainly due to the localization of the 5f orbitals. Among the hexavalent complexes, the [UVIO2-L(1)/L(2)] complexes have the shortest bonds. Following the uranyl complex, due to the plutonium turn, the [AmVIO2-L(1)/L(2)] complexes exhibit comparable properties with those of the former. Charge analysis suggests the complexation to be facilitated through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mainly through σ donation. Thermodynamic feasibility of complexation was modeled using hydrated actinyl moieties in aqueous medium and was found to be spontaneous. The dimethylated pyrrophen (L(2)) shows higher magnitudes of thermodynamic parameters indicating increased feasibility compared to the unsubstituted ligand (L(1)). Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) along with extended transition-state-natural orbitals for chemical valence theory (ETS-NOCV) analysis shows that the dominant electrostatic contributions decrease across the series and are counteracted by Pauli repulsion. Slight but considerable covalency is provided to hexavalent actinyl complexes by orbital contributions; this was confirmed by molecular orbital (MO) analysis that suggests strong covalency in americyl (VI) complexes. In addition to the pentavalent and hexavalent actinyl moieties, heptavalent actinyl species of neptunyl, plutonyl, and americyl were studied. Beyond the influence of the charges, the geometric and electronic properties point to the stabilization of neptunyl (VII) in the pyrrophen ligand environment, while the others shift to a lower (+VI) and relatively stable OS on complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Jennifer G
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Elumalai Varathan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Lu JB, Jiang XL, Wang JQ, Hu HS, Schwarz WHE, Li J. On the highest oxidation states of the actinoids in AnO 4 molecules (An = Ac - Cm): A DMRG-CASSCF study. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:190-198. [PMID: 35420170 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Actinoid tetroxide molecules AnO4 (An = Ac - Cm) are investigated with the ab initio density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) approach. Natural orbital shapes are used to read out the oxidation state (OS) of the f-elements, and the atomic orbital energies and radii are used to explain the trends. The highest OSs reveal a "volcano"-type variation: For An = Ac - Np, the OSs are equal to the number of available valence electrons, that is, AcIII , ThIV , PaV , UVI , and NpVII . Starting with plutonium as the turning point, the highest OSs in the most stable AnO4 isomers then decrease as PuV , AmV , and CmIII , indicating that the 5f-electrons are hard to be fully oxidized off from Pu onward. The variations are related to the actinoid contraction and to the 5f-covalency characteristics. Combined with previous work on OSs, we review their general trends throughout the periodic table, providing fundamental understanding of OS-relevant phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Lu
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - W H Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing.,Theoretische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie und Biologie, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
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4
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Gao Q, Li YH, Chen DZ, Liu JB. Exploration of Ligand-Centered Hydride Transfer in La/Y-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Reduction of Tertiary Amides with Pinacolborane. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1580-1590. [PMID: 36649499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A number of rare-earth metals and actinides have proven to be active in a wide variety of atom-efficient transformations. As compared to the related organometallic catalysts, the detailed mechanisms for the rare-earth metal-catalyzed reactions remain largely unexplored. Herein, the detailed catalyst activation process and reaction mechanisms of deoxygenative reduction of amides with pinacolborane (HBpin) catalyzed by Y[N(TMS)2]3 and La[N(TMS)2]3 complexes as well as a La4(O)acac10 cluster are investigated by density functional theory calculations. The M(III)-hemiaminal complex is disclosed to be the active catalyst for both the complexes and the cluster. During catalyst activation for both the Y and La complexes, the H-B bond polarity results in the formation of a transient M(III)-hydride intermediate, which is converted into an on-cycle M(III)-hemiaminal complex via facile migratory insertion. However, this kind of La(III)-hydride species cannot be formed for the La cluster. Starting from the M(III)-hemiaminal complex, the reaction proceeds via the ligand-centered hydride transfer mechanism that involves B-O bond formation, hydride transfer to B, C-O cleavage within the hemiaminal borane, hydride transfer to C, and σ-bond metathesis. The additional HBpin molecule is vital for the first hydride transfer that leads to the formation of [H2Bpin]- species. Our calculations reveal several important cooperative effects of the HBpin component during the hydride transfer processes. The improved mechanistic insights will be helpful for further development of selective C═O reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Hang Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - De-Zhan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Biao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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5
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Cui YS, Zhang JX, Xu CQ, Jiang XL, Li J. Bonding Nature of "Ionic Carbenes" in [M 3(μ 3-CH 2)]-Containing Compounds: The Covalent Interaction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12349-12355. [PMID: 35877827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While a series of trinuclear rare-earth metal methylene (divalent >CH2) complexes with the so-called "ionic carbene" have been known for decades, the nature of metal-carbene interactions in this class of compounds remains elusive. Herein, a quantum chemical investigation has been performed to reveal the bonding nature in typical trimetallic "ionic carbene" species with the [M3(μ3-CH2)] (M = Sc, Y, La, and Ac) cluster core. Through various chemical bonding analyses, we have demonstrated that there exists a non-negligible covalent interaction between μ3-CH2 and M3 moieties, and the chemical bonding can be accounted for with two three-center two-electron (3c-2e) bonds. The chemical bonding analyses reveal that the metal d-electron configuration plays an important role in stabilizing various μ3-coordinated carbene complexes. The late transition metals do not favor such a μ3-coordination geometry, thus explaining why ionic carbene complexes are usually found for rare-earth and early transition metals. A series of ionic carbene complexes with early transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides are predicted to be stable as well. These reactive ionic carbene complexes may have characteristic properties for organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Jennifer G A, Gao Y, Schreckenbach G, Varathan E. Chemical bonding in actinyl(V/VI) dipyriamethyrin complexes for the actinide series from americium to californium: a computational investigation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10006-10019. [PMID: 35703365 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01142e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The separation of minor actinides in their dioxocation (i.e., actinyl) form in high-valence oxidation states requires efficient ligands for their complexation. In this work, we evaluate the complexation properties of actinyls including americyl, curyl, berkelyl, and californyl in their pentavalent and hexavalent oxidation states with the dipyriamethyrin ligand (L) using density functional theory calculations. The calculated bond parameters show shorter AnOyl bonds with covalent character and longer An-N bonds with ionic character. The bonding between the actinyl cation and the ligand anion shows a flow of charges from the ligand to actinyl in all [AnV/VIO2-L]1-/0 complexes. However, across the series, backdonation of charges from the metal to the ligand becomes prominent and stabilizes the complexes. The thermodynamic parameters in the gas phase and solution suggest that the complex formation reaction is spontaneous for [CfV/VIO2-L]1-/0 complexes and spontaneous at elevated temperatures (>298.15 K) for all other complexes. Spin-orbit corrections have a quantitative impact while the overall trend remains the same. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) reveals that the interaction between actinyl and the ligand is mainly due to electrostatic contributions that decrease from Am to Cf along with an increase in orbital contributions due to the backdonation of charges from the actinyl metal center to the ligand that greatly stabilizes the Cf complex. The repulsive Pauli energy contribution is observed to increase in the case of [AnVO2-L]1- complexes from Am to Cf while a decrease is observed among [AnVIO2-L]0 complexes, showing minimum repulsion in [CfVIO2-L]0 complex formation. Overall, the hexavalent actinyl complexes show greater stability (increasing from Am to Cf) than their pentavalent counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Jennifer G
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada. .,Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada.,Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Elumalai Varathan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Schwarz E, Müller U, Kraus F. The Good Reasons for a Standard Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florian Kraus
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Chemie Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg GERMANY
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8
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Zhang Y, Duan W, Yang Y, Jian T, Qiao Y, Ren G, Zhang N, Zheng L, Yan W, Wang J, Chen J, Minasian SG, Sun T. Involvement of 5f Orbitals in the Covalent Bonding between the Uranyl Ion and Trialkyl Phosphine Oxide: Unraveled by Oxygen K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:92-104. [PMID: 34817979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monodentate organophosphorus ligands have been used for the extraction of the uranyl ion (UO22+) for over half a century and have exhibited exceptional extractability and selectivity toward the uranyl ion due to the presence of the phosphoryl group (O═P). Tributyl phosphate (TBP) is the extractant of the world-renowned PUREX process, which selectively recovers uranium from spent nuclear fuel. Trialkyl phosphine oxide (TRPO) shows extractability toward the uranyl ion that far exceeds that for other metal ions, and it has been used in the TRPO process. To date, however, the mechanism of the high affinity of the phosphoryl group for UO22+ remains elusive. We herein investigate the bonding covalency in a series of complexes of UO22+ with TRPO by oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Four TRPO ligands with different R substituents are examined in this work, for which both the ligands and their uranyl complexes are crystallized and investigated. The study of the electronic structure of the TRPO ligands reveals that the two TRPO molecules, irrespective of their substituents, can engage in σ- and π-type interactions with U 5f and 6d orbitals in the UO2Cl2(TRPO)2 complexes. Although both the axial (Oyl) and equatorial (Oeq) oxygen atoms in the UO2Cl2(TRPO)2 complexes contribute to the X-ray absorption, the first pre-edge feature in the O K-edge XAS with a small intensity is exclusively contributed by Oeq and is assigned to the transition from Oeq 1s orbitals to the unoccupied molecular orbitals of 1b1u + 1b2u + 1b3u symmetries resulting from the σ- and π-type mixing between U 5f and Oeq 2p orbitals. The small intensity in the experimental spectra is consistent with the small amount of Oeq 2p character in these orbitals for the four UO2Cl2(TRPO)2 complexes as obtained by Mulliken population analysis. The DFT calculations demonstrate that the U 6d orbitals are also involved in the U-TRPO bonding interactions in the UO2Cl2(TRPO)2 complexes. The covalent bonding interactions between TRPO and UO22+, especially the contributions from U 5f orbitals, while appearing to be small, are sufficiently responsible for the exceptional extractability and selectivity of monodentate organophosphorus ligands for the uranyl ion. Our results provide valuable insight into the fundamental actinide chemistry and are expected to directly guide actinide separation schemes needed for the development of advanced nuclear fuel cycle technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wuhua Duan
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuning Yang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian Jian
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yusen Qiao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guoxi Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Nian Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- University of Science and Technology of China, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Jianchen Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Stefan G Minasian
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Taoxiang Sun
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Lu JB, Cantu DC, Xu CQ, Nguyen MT, Hu HS, Glezakou VA, Rousseau R, Li J. Norm-Conserving Pseudopotentials and Basis Sets to Explore Actinide Chemistry in Complex Environments. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3360-3371. [PMID: 34032441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new set of norm-conserving pseudopotentials and companion Gaussian basis sets for the actinide (An) series (Ac-Lr) using the Goedecker, Teter, and Hutter (GTH) formalism with the Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional of generalized gradient approximation. To test the accuracy and reliability of the newly parameterized An-GTH pseudopotentials and basis sets, a variety of benchmarks on actinide-containing molecules were carried out and compared to all-electron and available experimental results. The new pseudopotentials include both medium- ([Xe]4f14) and large-core ([Xe]4f145d10) options that successfully reproduce the structures and energetics, particularly redox processes. The medium-core size set, in particular, reproduces all-electron calculations over multiple oxidation states from 0 to VII, whereas the large-core set is suitable only for the early series elements and low oxidation states. The underlying reason for these transferability issues is discussed in detail. This work fills a critical void in the literature for studying the chemistry of 5f-block elements in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - David C Cantu
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Basic and Applied Molecular Foundations, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Basic and Applied Molecular Foundations, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Basic and Applied Molecular Foundations, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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10
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Cao C, Vernon RE, Schwarz WHE, Li J. Understanding Periodic and Non-periodic Chemistry in Periodic Tables. Front Chem 2021; 8:813. [PMID: 33490030 PMCID: PMC7818537 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical elements are the "conserved principles" or "kernels" of chemistry that are retained when substances are altered. Comprehensive overviews of the chemistry of the elements and their compounds are needed in chemical science. To this end, a graphical display of the chemical properties of the elements, in the form of a Periodic Table, is the helpful tool. Such tables have been designed with the aim of either classifying real chemical substances or emphasizing formal and aesthetic concepts. Simplified, artistic, or economic tables are relevant to educational and cultural fields, while practicing chemists profit more from "chemical tables of chemical elements." Such tables should incorporate four aspects: (i) typical valence electron configurations of bonded atoms in chemical compounds (instead of the common but chemically atypical ground states of free atoms in physical vacuum); (ii) at least three basic chemical properties (valence number, size, and energy of the valence shells), their joint variation across the elements showing principal and secondary periodicity; (iii) elements in which the (sp)8, (d)10, and (f)14 valence shells become closed and inert under ambient chemical conditions, thereby determining the "fix-points" of chemical periodicity; (iv) peculiar elements at the top and at the bottom of the Periodic Table. While it is essential that Periodic Tables display important trends in element chemistry we need to keep our eyes open for unexpected chemical behavior in ambient, near ambient, or unusual conditions. The combination of experimental data and theoretical insight supports a more nuanced understanding of complex periodic trends and non-periodic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsu Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - W. H. Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Zhang P, Wang YX, Zhang P, Wang SA, Hu SX. Evaluation of Chemical Bonding in Actinyl(VI/V) Oxo-Crown-Ether Complexes for Actinide Series from Uranium to Curium. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11953-11961. [PMID: 32806007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The separation and management of nuclear waste is one of the problems that needs to be solved urgently, so finding a new radiation-proof and durable extractant to deal with nuclear waste is a difficult but desirable task. Since the successful isolation of the first pentavalent plutonium crown ether complex recently (Wang et al. CCS Chem. 2020, 2, 425-431), complexes with actinyl(V/VI) inserted into the cavity of 18-crown-6 ether (oxo-18C6), as well as their bonding character, need to be explored. Here we present a series of novel crown ether complexes containing actinyl(V/VI) and oxo-18C6 via computational prediction and analysis. On the basis of the calculations, actinyl(V/VI) are thermodynamically feasible and can be stabilized by oxo-18C6 ligand via six dative bonds between An ions and the oxo-18C6 O atoms in the "insertion" structure of [AnO2(18C6)]2+/+ complexes. The stability of actinyl(VI) species generally falls at minor actinides, ascribed to the reduced highest possible oxidation states of curium, which is mainly attributed to the mixing of bonding orbitals and non-bonding orbitals as well as the increase of occupation on partially 5f antibonding orbitals. It is found that the interactions between the actinyl(V/VI) and oxo-18C6 are mainly electronic interactions, with the well-known covalency contributions generally decreasing from uranium to curium due to energy degeneracy and spatial orbital contraction. This work would give a basic understanding of the coordination chemistry of actinyl(V/VI), which also provides inspirations on the design of new extractants for actinide separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ya-Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Shu-Ao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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12
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Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Transition Metal(II) Fluoridometallate(IV) Hydrates of Neptunium and Plutonium:
A
II
M
IV
F
6
·3H
2
O (
A
II
= Mn, Zn;
M
IV
= Np, Pu). Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Duan M, Li P, Zhao H, Xie F, Ma J. Organic Compounds of Actinyls: Systematic Computational Assessment of Structural and Topological Properties in [AnO 2(C 2O 4) n] (2 n-2)- (An = U, Np, Pu, Am; n = 1-3) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3425-3434. [PMID: 30785280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the bonding features between organics and actinide elements is a fundamental topic in nuclear waste separation. In this work, [AnO2(C2O4) n](2 n-2)- (An = U, Np, Pu, and Am; n = 1-3) complexes have been characterized by density functional theory. The actinyl oxalate complexes are found to exhibit the typical An-Oyl, An-Oeq bonds and Oyl-An-Oyl angles. Interatomic interaction analyzed by electron density difference, charge decomposition analysis, charges population, bond order, electron localization function, and quantum theory of atom in molecules indicates that An-Oeq bonds are ionic (closed-shell) bonding interaction with a small degree of covalent character. The similarities and differences between isomers have been discussed in the actinide coordination chemistry, and the orbital interactions also have been investigated through total, partial, and overlap population density of state diagrams. Besides, the electrostatic potential was used to predict the adsorption sites on the molecular vdW surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meigang Duan
- Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Peng Li
- Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Huifeng Zhao
- Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Feng Xie
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jie Ma
- Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
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14
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Ao B, Lu H, Yang Z, Qiu R, Hu SX. Unraveling the highest oxidation states of actinides in solid-state compounds with a particular focus on plutonium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4732-4737. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05990j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The nature and extent of the highest oxidation states (HOSs) in solid-state actinide compounds are still unexplored compared with those of small molecules, and there is burgeoning interest in studying the actinide–ligand bonding nature in the condensed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyun Ao
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Zhenfei Yang
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Ruizhi Qiu
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center
- Beijing 100193
- China
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15
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Zheng M, Chen FY, Li L, Guo YR, Pan QJ. Accessibility of Uranyl–Plutonium Complex Supported by a Polypyrrolic Macrocycle: An Implication for Experimental Synthesis. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:950-959. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuan-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qing-Jiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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16
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Hu SX, Chen M, Ao B. Theoretical studies on the oxidation states and electronic structures of actinide-borides: AnB 12 (An = Th-Cm) clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23856-23863. [PMID: 29999053 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02561d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As B12 clusters exhibit significant structural stability due to double aromaticity, metal doped-B12 clusters often prefer a half sandwich structure. Herein, we report a systematic theoretical study on the geometric and electronic structures, and chemical bonding of the half sandwich AnB12 (An = Th to Cm) clusters to explore the stability and extent of covalency of the An-B bonds of these actinide borides. We have shown that in the gas-phase clusters, the significant stability of AnB12 is determined by electrostatic and orbital interactions between the An 5f6d7s orbitals and π-type molecular orbitals from B 2p orbitals of the B12 unit. A change-over of An-B bond length from An = Th to Cm is found at An = Pa as a result of actinide contraction combined with weakening An-B bonding due to an energy decrease and orbital localization of the 5f orbitals. Consistently, the oxidation states of the An atoms at first increase from Th(f0)IV to Pa(f0)V, and then due to the 5f-AO contraction, they smoothly decline to U(f2)IV, Np(f4)III and Pu(f5)III, and then eventually to Am(f7)II but Cm(f7)III, both with a half-filled 5f shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.
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17
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Zhang C, Hu SX, Liu HT, Yang Y, Zhang P. Bonding Properties and Oxidation States of Plutonium in Pu2On (n = 1–8) Molecules Studied by Using Screened Hybrid Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4085-4091. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- Institute of Applied
Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational
Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Liu
- Institute of Applied
Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Institute of Applied
Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Applied
Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Kelley MP, Deblonde GJP, Su J, Booth CH, Abergel RJ, Batista ER, Yang P. Bond Covalency and Oxidation State of Actinide Ions Complexed with Therapeutic Chelating Agent 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO). Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5352-5363. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan P. Kelley
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - Gauthier J.-P. Deblonde
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jing Su
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - Corwin H. Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Abergel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Enrique R. Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
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19
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Hu SX, Liu JJ, Gibson JK, Li J. Periodic Trends in Actinyl Thio-Crown Ether Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2899-2907. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Gao Y, Jiang W, Xu D, Wang Z. Localization-vs-Delocalization of 5f Orbitals in Superatom Systems. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201700038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Wanrun Jiang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Dexuan Xu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
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21
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Janicki R, Lindqvist-Reis P. Eu(iii) and Cm(iii) tetracarbonates – in the quest for the limiting species in solution. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2393-2405. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04836j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The luminescence spectra of solids [C(NH2)3][Y:M(CO3)4]·2H2O (M = Eu, Cm) were used to establish the stoichiometry and stability of the limiting species of the aqueous Eu(iii) and Cm(iii) carbonate systems at different temperatures and in a broad range of ionic strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Janicki
- University of Wrocław
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Patric Lindqvist-Reis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Institute of Nuclear Waste Disposal
- 76021 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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22
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Abstract
Recent developments in the chemistry of the transuranic elements are surveyed, with particular emphasis on computational contributions. Examples are drawn from molecular coordination and organometallic chemistry, and from the study of extended solid systems. The role of the metal valence orbitals in covalent bonding is a particular focus, especially the consequences of the stabilization of the 5f orbitals as the actinide series is traversed. The fledgling chemistry of transuranic elements in the +II oxidation state is highlighted. Throughout, the symbiotic interplay of experimental and computational studies is emphasized; the extraordinary challenges of experimental transuranic chemistry afford computational chemistry a particularly valuable role at the frontier of the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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23
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Flores LA, Murphy JG, Copeland WB, Dixon DA. Reaction of CO2 with UO3 Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8518-8524. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Flores
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Julia G. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - William B. Copeland
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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24
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Huang W, Jiang N, Schwarz WHE, Yang P, Li J. Diversity of Chemical Bonding and Oxidation States in MS 4 Molecules of Group 8 Elements. Chemistry 2017; 23:10580-10589. [PMID: 28516506 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The geometric and electronic ground-state structures of 30 isomers of six MS4 molecules (M=Group 8 metals Fe, Ru, Os, Hs, Sm, and Pu) have been studied by using quantum-chemical density functional theory and correlated wavefunction approaches. The MS4 species were compared to analogous MO4 species recently investigated (W. Huang, W.-H. Xu, W. H. E. Schwarz, J. Li, Inorg. Chem. 2016, 55, 4616). A metal oxidation state (MOS) with a high value of eight appeared in the low-spin singlet Td geometric species (Os,Hs)S4 and (Ru,Os,Hs)O4 , whereas a low MOS of two appeared in the high-spin septet D2d species Fe(S2 )2 and (slightly excited) metastable Fe(O2 )2 . The ground states of all other molecules had intermediate MOS values, with S2- , S22- , S21- (and O2- , O1- , O22- , O21- ) ligands bonded by ionic, covalent, and correlative contributions. The known tendencies toward lower MOS on going from oxides to sulfides, from Hs to Os to Ru, and from Pu to Sm, and the specific behavior of Fe, were found to arise from the different atomic orbital energies and radii of the (n-1)p core and (n-1)d and (n-2)f valence shells of the metal atoms in row n of the periodic table. The comparative results of the electronic and geometric structures of the MO4 and MS4 species provides insight into the periodicity of oxidation states and bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - W H Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57068, Germany
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.,Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 953002, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.,Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 953002, USA
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25
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Chen T, Li W, Jian T, Chen X, Li J, Wang L. PrB
7
−
: A Praseodymium‐Doped Boron Cluster with a Pr
II
Center Coordinated by a Doubly Aromatic Planar η
7
‐B
7
3−
Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng‐Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Wan‐Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Tian Jian
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
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26
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Chen T, Li W, Jian T, Chen X, Li J, Wang L. PrB
7
−
: A Praseodymium‐Doped Boron Cluster with a Pr
II
Center Coordinated by a Doubly Aromatic Planar η
7
‐B
7
3−
Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6916-6920. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng‐Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Wan‐Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Tian Jian
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
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27
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Hu SX, Jian J, Su J, Wu X, Li J, Zhou M. Pentavalent lanthanide nitride-oxides: NPrO and NPrO - complexes with N≡Pr triple bonds. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4035-4043. [PMID: 28580119 PMCID: PMC5434915 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00710h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutral molecule NPrO and its anion NPrO- are produced via co-condensation of laser-ablated praseodymium atoms with nitric oxide in a solid neon matrix. Combined infrared spectroscopy and state-of-the-art quantum chemical calculations confirm that both species are pentavalent praseodymium nitride-oxides with linear structures that contain Pr≡N triple bonds and Pr=O double bonds. Electronic structure studies show that the neutral NPrO molecule features a 4f0 electron configuration and a Pr(v) oxidation state similar to that of the isoelectronic PrO2+ ion, while its NPrO- anion possesses a 4f1 electron configuration and a Pr(iv) oxidation state. The neutral NPrO molecule is thus a rare lanthanide nitride-oxide species with a Pr(v) oxidation state, which follows the recent identification of the first Pr(v) oxidation state in the PrO2+ and PrO4 complexes (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2016, 55, 6896). This finding indicates that lanthanide compounds with oxidation states of higher than +IV are richer in chemistry than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100094 , China.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Jiwen Jian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Xuan Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
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28
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Hu SX, Li WL, Dong L, Gibson JK, Li J. Crown ether complexes of actinyls: a computational assessment of AnO2(15-crown-5)2+ (An = U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm). Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12354-12363. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02825c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computational characterization of AnO22+–(15-crown-5) complexes (An = U, Np, Pu, Am, and Cm) reveals actinyl insertion coordination to crown ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Wan-Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Liang Dong
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Sichuan 621900
- China
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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