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Guo Y, Lian X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Chen J, Chen C, Lan X, Shao Y. Systematic Assessment of the Catalytic Reactivity of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in C-H Bond Activation. Molecules 2023; 29:24. [PMID: 38202607 PMCID: PMC10780200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Unreactive C-H bond activation is a new horizon for frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. This study provides a systematic assessment of the catalytic reactivity of recently reported intra-molecular FLPs on the activation of typical inert C-H bonds, including 1-methylpyrrole, methane, benzyl, propylene, and benzene, in terms of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The reactivity of FLPs is evaluated according to the calculated reaction thermodynamic and energy barriers of C-H bond activation processes in the framework of concerted C-H activation mechanisms. As for 1-methylpyrrole, 14 types of N-B-based and 15 types of P-B-based FLPs are proposed to be active. Although none of the evaluated FLPs are able to catalyze the C-H activation of methane, benzyl, or propylene, four types of N-B-based FLPs are suggested to be capable of catalyzing the activation of benzene. Moreover, the influence of the strength of Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB), and the differences between the influences of LA and LB on the catalytic reactivity of FLPs, are also discussed briefly. This systematic assessment of the catalytic activity of FLPs should provide valuable guidelines to aid the development of efficient FLP-based metal-free catalysts for C-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Xueqi Lian
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Xueling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jun Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Changzhong Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Xiaobing Lan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Youxiang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
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Mahaut D, Chardon A, Mineur L, Berionni G, Champagne B. Rational Development of a Metal-Free Bifunctional System for the C-H Activation of Methane: A Density Functional Theory Investigation. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1958-1966. [PMID: 34309144 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The activation or heterolytic splitting of methane, a challenging substrate usually restricted to transition metals, has so far proven elusive in experimental frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. In this article, we demonstrate, using density functional theory (DFT), that 1-aza-9-boratriptycene is a conceptually simple intramolecular FLP for the activation of methane. Systematic comparison with other FLP systems allows to gain insight into their reactivity with methane. The thermodynamics and kinetics of methane activation are interpreted by referring to the analysis of the natural charges and by employing the distortion-interaction/activation strain (DIAS) model. These showed that the nature of the Lewis base influences the selectivity over the reaction pathway, with N Lewis bases favoring the deprotonation mechanism and P bases the hydride abstraction one. The lower barrier of activation for 1-aza-9-boratriptycene and the higher products stability are due to a better interaction energy than its counterparts, itself due to electrostatic interactions with the methane moiety, favorable orbital overlaps allowed by the side-attack, and space proximity between the B and N atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Mahaut
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Chardon
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Loïc Mineur
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
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Anderson ME, Marks MB, Cundari TR. Bifunctional activation of methane by bioinspired transition metal complexes. A simple methane protease model. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nichols BR, Akhmedov NG, Petersen JL, Popp BV. Access to a pair of ambiphilic phosphine-borane regioisomers by rhodium-catalyzed hydroboration. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:8456-8465. [PMID: 29901042 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01467a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lewis basic substrates, such as vinylphosphines and enamines, can be problematic for transition-metal catalysed hydrofunctionalization reactions due to their propensity to ligate and deactivate transition-metal catalysts as well as form direct Lewis adducts with reaction partners. While exploring rhodium-catalyzed hydroboration of diphenylvinylphosphine with pinacolborane, we found that a high degree of regiocontrol could be achieved without the need to diminish the Lewis basicity of the phosphine by oxidation or prior-protection. At slightly elevated temperature, a high yield of the previously unreported branched regioisomer, 1-pinacolatoborono-1-diphenylphosphinoethane, was achieved with regioselectivity greater than 10 : 1 using [Rh(COD)Cl]2 as the catalyst and AgOTf as a catalytic additive. Inversion of regioselectivity occurred at low temperature and high yield of the linear regioisomer was observed. Subsequent functionalization of the new branched phosphine-boronic ester and its coordination to rhodium were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Nichols
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA.
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Villegas-Escobar N, Toro-Labbé A, Becerra M, Real-Enriquez M, Mora JR, Rincon L. A DFT study of hydrogen and methane activation by B(C6F5)3/P(t-Bu)3 and Al(C6F5)3/P(t-Bu)3 frustrated Lewis pairs. J Mol Model 2017; 23:234. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen GQ, Kehr G, Daniliuc CG, Bursch M, Grimme S, Erker G. Intermolecular Redox-Neutral Amine C-H Functionalization Induced by the Strong Boron Lewis Acid B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 in the Frustrated Lewis Pair Regime. Chemistry 2017; 23:4723-4729. [PMID: 28164392 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Dimethylmesitylamine undergoes an intermolecular redox-neutral C-H activation/C-C coupling process upon treatment with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and the strong boron Lewis acid B(C6 F5 )3 . Similarly, N,N-dimethylmesitylamine reacts with two molar equivalents of ethyl acrylate to give the respective unsaturated coupling product with H2 transfer to the acrylic ester to form the ethyl propionate/B(C6 F5 )3 adduct. N,N-Dimethylmesitylamine also undergoes a C-H activation at the benzylic ortho sp3 -carbon atom with dihydrogen formation upon treatment with Piers' borane [HB(C6 F5 )2 ]. The last two reactions of N,N-dimethylmesitylamine were analyzed by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Chen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Bursch
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Rochette É, Courtemanche MA, Fontaine FG. Frustrated Lewis Pair Mediated Csp3−H Activation. Chemistry 2017; 23:3567-3571. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Étienne Rochette
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Catalyse et Chimie Verte (C3V); Université Laval; 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| | - Marc-André Courtemanche
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Catalyse et Chimie Verte (C3V); Université Laval; 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| | - Frédéric-Georges Fontaine
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Catalyse et Chimie Verte (C3V); Université Laval; 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
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