1
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Kumar D, Nadda R, Repaka R. Advances and challenges in organ-on-chip technology: toward mimicking human physiology and disease in vitro. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:1925-1957. [PMID: 38436835 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips have been tissues or three-dimensional (3D) mini-organs that comprise numerous cell types and have been produced on microfluidic chips to imitate the complicated structures and interactions of diverse cell types and organs under controlled circumstances. Several morphological and physiological distinctions exist between traditional 2D cultures, animal models, and the growing popular 3D cultures. On the other hand, animal models might not accurately simulate human toxicity because of physiological variations and interspecies metabolic capability. The on-chip technique allows for observing and understanding the process and alterations occurring in metastases. The present study aimed to briefly overview single and multi-organ-on-chip techniques. The current study addresses each platform's essential benefits and characteristics and highlights recent developments in developing and utilizing technologies for single and multi-organs-on-chips. The study also discusses the drawbacks and constraints associated with these models, which include the requirement for standardized procedures and the difficulties of adding immune cells and other intricate biological elements. Finally, a comprehensive review demonstrated that the organs-on-chips approach has a potential way of investigating organ function and disease. The advancements in single and multi-organ-on-chip structures can potentially increase drug discovery and minimize dependency on animal models, resulting in improved therapies for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Rahul Nadda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India.
| | - Ramjee Repaka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
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2
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Mihaylova A, Shopova D, Parahuleva N, Yaneva A, Bakova D. (3D) Bioprinting-Next Dimension of the Pharmaceutical Sector. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:797. [PMID: 38931464 PMCID: PMC11206453 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To create a review of the published scientific literature on the benefits and potential perspectives of the use of 3D bio-nitrification in the field of pharmaceutics. This work was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for reporting meta-analyses and systematic reviews. The scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were used to search and extract data using the following keywords: 3D bioprinting, drug research and development, personalized medicine, pharmaceutical companies, clinical trials, drug testing. The data points to several aspects of the application of bioprinting in pharmaceutics were reviewed. The main applications of bioprinting are in the development of new drug molecules as well as in the preparation of personalized drugs, but the greatest benefits are in terms of drug screening and testing. Growth in the field of 3D printing has facilitated pharmaceutical applications, enabling the development of personalized drug screening and drug delivery systems for individual patients. Bioprinting presents the opportunity to print drugs on demand according to the individual needs of the patient, making the shape, structure, and dosage suitable for each of the patient's physical conditions, i.e., print specific drugs for controlled release rates; print porous tablets to reduce swallowing difficulties; make transdermal microneedle patches to reduce patient pain; and so on. On the other hand, bioprinting can precisely control the distribution of cells and biomaterials to build organoids, or an Organ-on-a-Chip, for the testing of drugs on printed organs mimicking specified disease characteristics instead of animal testing and clinical trials. The development of bioprinting has the potential to offer customized drug screening platforms and drug delivery systems meeting a range of individualized needs, as well as prospects at different stages of drug development and patient therapy. The role of bioprinting in preclinical and clinical testing of drugs is also of significant importance in terms of shortening the time to launch a medicinal product on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mihaylova
- Department of Healthcare Management, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Dobromira Shopova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Nikoleta Parahuleva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Antoniya Yaneva
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and eLearning, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Desislava Bakova
- Department of Healthcare Management, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
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3
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Lee G, Kim SJ, Park JK. Bioprinted Multi-Composition Array Mimicking Tumor Microenvironments to Evaluate Drug Efficacy with Multivariable Analysis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303716. [PMID: 38830208 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Current organ-on-a-chip technologies confront limitations in effectively recapitulating the intricate in vivo microenvironments and accommodating diverse experimental conditions on a single device. Here, a novel approach for constructing a multi-composition tumor array on a single microfluidic device, mimicking complex transport phenomena within tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and allowing for simultaneous evaluation of drug efficacy across 12 distinct conditions is presented. The TME array formed by bioprinting on a microfluidic substrate consists of 36 individual TME models, each characterized by one of three different compositions and tested under four varying drug concentrations. Notably, the TME model exhibits precise compartmentalization, fostering the development of self-organized vascular endothelial barriers surrounding breast cancer spheroids affecting substance transport. Multivariable screening and analysis of diverse conditions, including model complexity, replicates, and drug concentrations, within a single microfluidic platform, highlight the synergistic potential of integrating bioprinting with microfluidics to evaluate drug responses across diverse TME conditions comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihyun Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jee Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST Institutes (KI), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for Nanocentury, KAIST Institutes (KI), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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4
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Janssen R, Benito-Zarza L, Cleijpool P, Valverde MG, Mihăilă SM, Bastiaan-Net S, Garssen J, Willemsen LEM, Masereeuw R. Biofabrication Directions in Recapitulating the Immune System-on-a-Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304569. [PMID: 38625078 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Ever since the implementation of microfluidics in the biomedical field, in vitro models have experienced unprecedented progress that has led to a new generation of highly complex miniaturized cell culture platforms, known as Organs-on-a-Chip (OoC). These devices aim to emulate biologically relevant environments, encompassing perfusion and other mechanical and/or biochemical stimuli, to recapitulate key physiological events. While OoCs excel in simulating diverse organ functions, the integration of the immune organs and immune cells, though recent and challenging, is pivotal for a more comprehensive representation of human physiology. This comprehensive review covers the state of the art in the intricate landscape of immune OoC models, shedding light on the pivotal role of biofabrication technologies in bridging the gap between conceptual design and physiological relevance. The multifaceted aspects of immune cell behavior, crosstalk, and immune responses that are aimed to be replicated within microfluidic environments, emphasizing the need for precise biomimicry are explored. Furthermore, the latest breakthroughs and challenges of biofabrication technologies in immune OoC platforms are described, guiding researchers toward a deeper understanding of immune physiology and the development of more accurate and human predictive models for a.o., immune-related disorders, immune development, immune programming, and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robine Janssen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Benito-Zarza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Cleijpool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Marta G Valverde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia M Mihăilă
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
- Danone Global Research & Innovation Center, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Linette E M Willemsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
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5
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Shah D, Dave B, Chorawala MR, Prajapati BG, Singh S, M. Elossaily G, Ansari MN, Ali N. An Insight on Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Models for PM 2.5-Induced Pulmonary Complications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13534-13555. [PMID: 38559954 PMCID: PMC10976395 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer pose a significant burden to global human health. Many of these complications arise as a result of exposure to particulate matter (PM), which has been examined in several preclinical and clinical trials for its effect on several respiratory diseases. Particulate matter of size less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has been known to inflict unforeseen repercussions, although data from epidemiological studies to back this are pending. Conventionally utilized two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and preclinical animal models have provided insufficient benefits in emulating the in vivo physiological and pathological pulmonary conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) structural models, including organ-on-a-chip models, have experienced a developmental upsurge in recent times. Lung-on-a-chip models have the potential to simulate the specific features of the lungs. With the advancement of technology, an emerging and advanced technique termed microfluidic organ-on-a-chip has been developed with the aim of identifying the complexity of the respiratory cellular microenvironment of the body. In the present Review, the role of lung-on-a-chip modeling in reproducing pulmonary complications has been explored, with a specific emphasis on PM2.5-induced pulmonary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Shah
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Bhavarth Dave
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Mehul R. Chorawala
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,
Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat 384012, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Office
of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Fritschen A, Lindner N, Scholpp S, Richthof P, Dietz J, Linke P, Guttenberg Z, Blaeser A. High-Scale 3D-Bioprinting Platform for the Automated Production of Vascularized Organs-on-a-Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304028. [PMID: 38511587 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
3D bioprinting possesses the potential to revolutionize contemporary methodologies for fabricating tissue models employed in pharmaceutical research and experimental investigations. This is enhanced by combining bioprinting with advanced organs-on-a-chip (OOCs), which includes a complex arrangement of multiple cell types representing organ-specific cells, connective tissue, and vasculature. However, both OOCs and bioprinting so far demand a high degree of manual intervention, thereby impeding efficiency and inhibiting scalability to meet technological requirements. Through the combination of drop-on-demand bioprinting with robotic handling of microfluidic chips, a print procedure is achieved that is proficient in managing three distinct tissue models on a chip within only a minute, as well as capable of consecutively processing numerous OOCs without manual intervention. This process rests upon the development of a post-printing sealable microfluidic chip, that is compatible with different types of 3D-bioprinters and easily connected to a perfusion system. The capabilities of the automized bioprint process are showcased through the creation of a multicellular and vascularized liver carcinoma model on the chip. The process achieves full vascularization and stable microvascular network formation over 14 days of culture time, with pronounced spheroidal cell growth and albumin secretion of HepG2 serving as a representative cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fritschen
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nils Lindner
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scholpp
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Richthof
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Dietz
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Linke
- ibidi GmbH, Lochhamer Schlag 11, 82166, Gräfelfing, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Blaeser
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
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7
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Li M, Liu Z, Shen Z, Han L, Wang J, Sang S. A heparin-functionalized bioink with sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor for 3D bioprinting of prevascularized dermal constructs. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130075. [PMID: 38340924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Skin tissue engineering faces challenges due to the absence of vascular architecture, impeding the development of permanent skin replacements. To address this, a heparin-functionalized 3D-printed bioink (GH/HepMA) was formulated to enable sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), comprising 0.3 % (w/v) hyaluronic acid (HA), 10 % (w/v) gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), and 0.5 % (w/v) heparin methacrylate (HepMA). The bioink was then used to print dermal constructs with angiogenic functions, including fibroblast networks and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) networks. GH/HepMA, with its covalently cross-linked structure, exhibits enhanced mechanical properties and heparin stability, allowing for a 21-day sustained delivery of VEGF. Cytocompatibility experiments showed that the GH/HepMA bioink supported fibroblast proliferation and promoted collagen I production. With VEGF present, the GH/HepMA bioink promoted HUVEC proliferation, migration, as well as the formation of a richer capillary-like network. Furthermore, HA within the GH/HepMA bioink enhanced rheological properties and printability. Additionally, 3D-bioprinted dermal constructs showed significant deposition of collagen I and III and mature stable capillary-like structures along the axial direction. In summary, this study offers a promising approach for constructing biomimetic multicellular skin substitutes with angiogenesis-induced functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Zixian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Shen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, PR China
| | - Lu Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, PR China
| | - Jianming Wang
- General Hospital of TISCO, North Street, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan 030809, PR China
| | - Shengbo Sang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China.
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8
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Mansouri M, Lam J, Sung KE. Progress in developing microphysiological systems for biological product assessment. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1293-1306. [PMID: 38230512 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00876b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as miniaturized physiological environments, have been engineered to create and study functional tissue units capable of replicating organ-level responses in specific contexts. The MPS has the potential to provide insights about the safety, characterization, and effectiveness of medical products that are different and complementary to insights gained from traditional testing systems, which can help facilitate the transition of potential medical products from preclinical phases to clinical trials, and eventually to market. While many MPS are versatile and can be used in various applications, most of the current applications have primarily focused on drug discovery and testing. Yet, there is a limited amount of research available that demonstrates the use of MPS in assessing biological products such as cellular and gene therapies. This review paper aims to address this gap by discussing recent technical advancements in MPS and their potential for assessing biological products. We further discuss the challenges and considerations involved in successful translation of MPS into mainstream product testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mansouri
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Office of Cellular Therapy and Human Tissue, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Johnny Lam
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Office of Cellular Therapy and Human Tissue, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Kyung E Sung
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Office of Cellular Therapy and Human Tissue, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Cao Y, Yi H, Ge K, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Feng H. Additively manufactured customized microhelix motors' bursting motion in mesoscopic tubes for vessel declogging. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2720-2726. [PMID: 38229709 PMCID: PMC10790737 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07704g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic microhelix motors are widely employed in various applications such as cargo transportation, drug delivery, toxic substance declogging, and cell manipulation, due to their unique adaptive magnetic manipulation capabilities. In this work, high-precision stereoscopic additive manufacturing techniques were used to produce customized microhelices with varying structural parameters, including different pitch numbers (2-4 pitches), sizes (0.1-0.25 mm), and taper angles (172°-180°). Their motion performance in mesoscopic tubes was systematically investigated. The magnetic microhelix motors' speed increases when circle numbers and taper angles decrease, while circle diameters increase. The magnetic microhelix motors' speed could achieve a 1500% enhancement reaching 0.16 mm s-1 in a 0.3 mm tube, with a pitch number of 3, diameter of 0.2 mm, and taper angle of 172°. Furthermore, their vessel declogging capability is confirmed in in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) China +86755-86148426
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining (Shenzhen), Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) China
| | - Hongyu Yi
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) China +86755-86148426
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining (Shenzhen), Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) China
| | - Kongyu Ge
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) China +86755-86148426
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining (Shenzhen), Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) China
| | - Yifan Gao
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) China +86755-86148426
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining (Shenzhen), Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) China +86755-86148426
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining (Shenzhen), Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) China
| | - Huanhuan Feng
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) China +86755-86148426
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining (Shenzhen), Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) China
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10
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Wu Z, Huang D, Wang J, Zhao Y, Sun W, Shen X. Engineering Heterogeneous Tumor Models for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304160. [PMID: 37946674 PMCID: PMC10767453 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor tissue engineering holds great promise for replicating the physiological and behavioral characteristics of tumors in vitro. Advances in this field have led to new opportunities for studying the tumor microenvironment and exploring potential anti-cancer therapeutics. However, the main obstacle to the widespread adoption of tumor models is the poor understanding and insufficient reconstruction of tumor heterogeneity. In this review, the current progress of engineering heterogeneous tumor models is discussed. First, the major components of tumor heterogeneity are summarized, which encompasses various signaling pathways, cell proliferations, and spatial configurations. Then, contemporary approaches are elucidated in tumor engineering that are guided by fundamental principles of tumor biology, and the potential of a bottom-up approach in tumor engineering is highlighted. Additionally, the characterization approaches and biomedical applications of tumor models are discussed, emphasizing the significant role of engineered tumor models in scientific research and clinical trials. Lastly, the challenges of heterogeneous tumor models in promoting oncology research and tumor therapy are described and key directions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Danqing Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Weijian Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
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11
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Carvalho AM, Bansal R, Barrias CC, Sarmento B. The Material World of 3D-Bioprinted and Microfluidic-Chip Models of Human Liver Fibrosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307673. [PMID: 37961933 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials are extensively used to mimic cell-matrix interactions, which are essential for cell growth, function, and differentiation. This is particularly relevant when developing in vitro disease models of organs rich in extracellular matrix, like the liver. Liver disease involves a chronic wound-healing response with formation of scar tissue known as fibrosis. At early stages, liver disease can be reverted, but as disease progresses, reversion is no longer possible, and there is no cure. Research for new therapies is hampered by the lack of adequate models that replicate the mechanical properties and biochemical stimuli present in the fibrotic liver. Fibrosis is associated with changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix that directly influence cell behavior. Biomaterials could play an essential role in better emulating the disease microenvironment. In this paper, the recent and cutting-edge biomaterials used for creating in vitro models of human liver fibrosis are revised, in combination with cells, bioprinting, and/or microfluidics. These technologies have been instrumental to replicate the intricate structure of the unhealthy tissue and promote medium perfusion that improves cell growth and function, respectively. A comprehensive analysis of the impact of material hints and cell-material interactions in a tridimensional context is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Carvalho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, Technical Medical Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina C Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IUCS - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
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12
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Aazmi A, Zhang D, Mazzaglia C, Yu M, Wang Z, Yang H, Huang YYS, Ma L. Biofabrication methods for reconstructing extracellular matrix mimetics. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:475-496. [PMID: 37719085 PMCID: PMC10500422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the human body, almost all cells interact with extracellular matrices (ECMs), which have tissue and organ-specific compositions and architectures. These ECMs not only function as cellular scaffolds, providing structural support, but also play a crucial role in dynamically regulating various cellular functions. This comprehensive review delves into the examination of biofabrication strategies used to develop bioactive materials that accurately mimic one or more biophysical and biochemical properties of ECMs. We discuss the potential integration of these ECM-mimics into a range of physiological and pathological in vitro models, enhancing our understanding of cellular behavior and tissue organization. Lastly, we propose future research directions for ECM-mimics in the context of tissue engineering and organ-on-a-chip applications, offering potential advancements in therapeutic approaches and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Aazmi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Corrado Mazzaglia
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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13
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Kasturi M, Mathur V, Gadre M, Srinivasan V, Vasanthan KS. Three Dimensional Bioprinting for Hepatic Tissue Engineering: From In Vitro Models to Clinical Applications. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:21-52. [PMID: 37882981 PMCID: PMC10764711 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of functional organs is the holy grail of tissue engineering and the possibilities of repairing a partial or complete liver to treat chronic liver disorders are discussed in this review. Liver is the largest gland in the human body and plays a responsible role in majority of metabolic function and processes. Chronic liver disease is one of the leading causes of death globally and the current treatment strategy of organ transplantation holds its own demerits. Hence there is a need to develop an in vitro liver model that mimics the native microenvironment. The developed model should be a reliable to understand the pathogenesis, screen drugs and assist to repair and replace the damaged liver. The three-dimensional bioprinting is a promising technology that recreates in vivo alike in vitro model for transplantation, which is the goal of tissue engineers. The technology has great potential due to its precise control and its ability to homogeneously distribute cells on all layers in a complex structure. This review gives an overview of liver tissue engineering with a special focus on 3D bioprinting and bioinks for liver disease modelling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Kasturi
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vidhi Mathur
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mrunmayi Gadre
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Varadharajan Srinivasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kirthanashri S Vasanthan
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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14
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Guo Y, Xie Y, Qin J. A generic pump-free organ-on-a-chip platform for assessment of intestinal drug absorption. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300390. [PMID: 38375564 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip technology has shown great potential in disease modeling and drug evaluation. However, traditional organ-on-a-chip devices are mostly pump-dependent with low throughput, which makes it difficult to leverage their advantages. In this study, we have developed a generic, pump-free organ-on-a-chip platform consisting of a 32-unit chip and an adjustable rocker, facilitating high-throughput dynamic cell culture with straightforward operation. By utilizing the rocker to induce periodic fluid forces, we can achieve fluidic conditions similar to those obtained with traditional pump-based systems. Through constructing a gut-on-a-chip model, we observed remarkable enhancements in the expression of barrier-associated proteins and the spatial distribution of differentiated intestinal cells compared to static culture. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analysis unveiled enriched pathways associated with cell proliferation, lipid transport, and drug metabolism, indicating the ability of the platform to mimic critical physiological processes. Additionally, we tested seven drugs that represent a range of high, medium, and low in vivo permeability using this model and found a strong correlation between their Papp values and human Fa, demonstrating the capability of this model for drug absorption evaluation. Our findings highlight the potential of this pump-free organ-on-a-chip platform as a valuable tool for advancing drug development and enabling personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Guo
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
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15
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Du X, Zou R, Du K, Huang D, Miao C, Qiu B, Ding W, Li C. Modeling Colorectal Cancer-Induced Liver Portal Vein Microthrombus on a Hepatic Lobule Chip. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38033197 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. At the advanced stage of colorectal cancer, cancer cells migrate with the blood to the liver from the hepatic portal vein, eventually resulting in a portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). To date, the progression of the early onset of PVTT [portal vein microthrombus (PVmT) induced by tumors] is unclear. Herein, we developed an on-chip PVmT model by loading the spheroid of colorectal cancer cells into the portal vein of a hepatic lobule chip (HLC). On the HLC, the progression of PVmT was presented, and early changes in metabolites of hepatic cells and in structures of hepatic plates and sinusoids induced by PVmT were analyzed. We replicated intrahepatic angiogenesis, thickened blood vessels, an increased number of hepatocytes, disordered hepatic plates, and decreased concentrations of biomarkers of hepatic cell functions in PVmT progression on a microfluidic chip for the first time. In addition, the combined therapy of thermo-ablation and chemo-drug for PVmT was preliminarily demonstrated. This study provides a promising method for understanding PVTT evolution and offers a valuable reference for PVTT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Du
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Rong Zou
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Kun Du
- Department of Medical Equipment, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Dabing Huang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Chunguang Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
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16
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Qiu J, Li J, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Nie B, Qi G, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wei R. 3D Printing of Individualized Microfluidic Chips with DLP-Based Printer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6984. [PMID: 37959581 PMCID: PMC10650121 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chips have shown their potential for applications in fields such as chemistry and biology, and 3D printing is increasingly utilized as the fabrication method for microfluidic chips. To address key issues such as the long printing time for conventional 3D printing of a single chip and the demand for rapid response in individualized microfluidic chip customization, we have optimized the use of DLP (digital light processing) technology, which offers faster printing speeds due to its surface exposure method. In this study, we specifically focused on developing a fast-manufacturing process for directly printing microfluidic chips, addressing the high cost of traditional microfabrication processes and the lengthy production times associated with other 3D printing methods for microfluidic chips. Based on the designed three-dimensional chip model, we utilized a DLP-based printer to directly print two-dimensional and three-dimensional microfluidic chips with photosensitive resin. To overcome the challenge of clogging in printing microchannels, we proposed a printing method that combined an open-channel design with transparent adhesive tape sealing. This method enables the rapid printing of microfluidic chips with complex and intricate microstructures. This research provides a crucial foundation for the development of microfluidic chips in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Qiu
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junfu Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhongwei Guo
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bangbang Nie
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guochen Qi
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronghan Wei
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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17
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Zhou K, Ding R, Tao X, Cui Y, Yang J, Mao H, Gu Z. Peptide-dendrimer-reinforced bioinks for 3D bioprinting of heterogeneous and biomimetic in vitro models. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:243-255. [PMID: 37572980 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite 3D bioprinting having emerged as an advanced method for fabricating complex in vitro models, developing suitable bioinks that fulfill the opposing requirements for the biofabrication window still remains challenging. Although naturally derived hydrogels can better mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of numerous tissues, their weak mechanical properties usually result in architecturally simple shapes and patchy functions of in vitro models. Here, this limitation is addressed by a peptide-dendrimer-reinforced bioink (HC-PDN) which contained the peptide-dendrimer branched PEG with end-grafted norbornene (PDN) and the cysteamine-modified HA (HC). The extensive introduction of ethylene end-groups facilitates the grafting of sufficient moieties and enhances thiol-ene-induced crosslinking, making HC-PDN exhibits improved mechanical and rheological properties, as well as a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation than that of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA). In addition, HC-PDN can be applied for the bioprinting of numerous complex structures with superior shape fidelity and soft matrix microenvironment. A heterogeneous and biomimetic hepatic tissue is concretely constructed in this work. The HepG2-C3As, LX-2s, and EA.hy.926s utilized with HC-PDN and assisted GelMA bioinks closely resemble the parenchymal and non-parenchymal counterparts of the native liver. The bioprinted models show the endothelium barrier function, hepatic functions, as well as increased activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which are essential functions of liver tissue in vivo. All these properties make HC-PDN a promising bioink to open numerous opportunities for in vitro model biofabrication. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this manuscript, we introduced a peptide dendrimer system, which belongs to the family of hyperbranched 3D nanosized macromolecules that exhibit high molecular structure regularity and various biological advantages. Specifically, norbornene-modified peptide dendrimer was grafted onto PEG, and hyaluronic acid (HA) was selected as a base material for bioink formulation because it is a component of the ECM. Peptide dendrimers confer the following advantages to bioinks: (a) Geometric symmetry can facilitate construction of bioinks with homogeneous networks; (b) abundant surface functional groups allow for abundant crosslinking points; (c) the biological origin can promote biocompatibility. This study shows conceptualization to application of a peptide-dendrimer bioink to extend the Biofabrication Window of natural bioinks and will expand use of 3D bioprinting of in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhou
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Rongjian Ding
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiwang Tao
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yuwen Cui
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiquan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Hongli Mao
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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18
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Frankowski J, Kurzątkowska M, Sobczak M, Piotrowska U. Utilization of 3D bioprinting technology in creating human tissue and organoid models for preclinical drug research - State-of-the-art. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123313. [PMID: 37579828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid development of tissue engineering in recent years has increased the importance of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology as novel strategy for fabrication functional 3D tissue and organoid models for pharmaceutical research. 3D bioprinting technology gives hope for eliminating many problems associated with traditional cell culture methods during drug screening. However, there is a still long way to wider clinical application of this technology due to the numerous difficulties associated with development of bioinks, advanced printers and in-depth understanding of human tissue architecture. In this review, the work associated with relatively well-known extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB), jetting-based bioprinting (JBB), and vat photopolymerization bioprinting (VPB) is presented and discussed with the latest advances and limitations in this field. Next we discuss state-of-the-art research of 3D bioprinted in vitro models including liver, kidney, lung, heart, intestines, eye, skin as well as neural and bone tissue that have potential applications in the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Frankowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matylda Kurzątkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Sobczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Piotrowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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Tabatabaei Rezaei N, Kumar H, Liu H, Lee SS, Park SS, Kim K. Recent Advances in Organ-on-Chips Integrated with Bioprinting Technologies for Drug Screening. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203172. [PMID: 36971091 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the demand for more reliable drug screening devices has made scientists and researchers develop novel potential approaches to offer an alternative to animal studies. Organ-on-chips are newly emerged platforms for drug screening and disease metabolism investigation. These microfluidic devices attempt to recapitulate the physiological and biological properties of different organs and tissues using human-derived cells. Recently, the synergistic combination of additive manufacturing and microfluidics has shown a promising impact on improving a wide array of biological models. In this review, different methods are classified using bioprinting to achieve the relevant biomimetic models in organ-on-chips, boosting the efficiency of these devices to produce more reliable data for drug investigations. In addition to the tissue models, the influence of additive manufacturing on microfluidic chip fabrication is discussed, and their biomedical applications are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Tabatabaei Rezaei
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hitendra Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hongqun Liu
- Liver Unit, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Samuel S Lee
- Liver Unit, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Simon S Park
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Keekyoung Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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20
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Kutluk H, Bastounis EE, Constantinou I. Integration of Extracellular Matrices into Organ-on-Chip Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203256. [PMID: 37018430 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex, dynamic network present within all tissues and organs that not only acts as a mechanical support and anchorage point but can also direct fundamental cell behavior, function, and characteristics. Although the importance of the ECM is well established, the integration of well-controlled ECMs into Organ-on-Chip (OoC) platforms remains challenging and the methods to modulate and assess ECM properties on OoCs remain underdeveloped. In this review, current state-of-the-art design and assessment of in vitro ECM environments is discussed with a focus on their integration into OoCs. Among other things, synthetic and natural hydrogels, as well as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) used as substrates, coatings, or cell culture membranes are reviewed in terms of their ability to mimic the native ECM and their accessibility for characterization. The intricate interplay among materials, OoC architecture, and ECM characterization is critically discussed as it significantly complicates the design of ECM-related studies, comparability between works, and reproducibility that can be achieved across research laboratories. Improving the biomimetic nature of OoCs by integrating properly considered ECMs would contribute to their further adoption as replacements for animal models, and precisely tailored ECM properties would promote the use of OoCs in mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Kutluk
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technical University of Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technical University of Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Effie E Bastounis
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, E8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" EXC 2124, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iordania Constantinou
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technical University of Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technical University of Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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21
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Vilela de Sousa I, Ferreira MJS, Bebiano LB, Simões S, Matos AF, Pereira RF, Granja PL. Skin models of cutaneous toxicity, transdermal transport and wound repair. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad014. [PMID: 37520659 PMCID: PMC10382248 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Skin is widely used as a drug delivery route due to its easy access and the possibility of using relatively painless methods for the administration of bioactive molecules. However, the barrier properties of the skin, along with its multilayer structure, impose severe restrictions on drug transport and bioavailability. Thus, bioengineered models aimed at emulating the skin have been developed not only for optimizing the transdermal transport of different drugs and testing the safety and toxicity of substances but also for understanding the biological processes behind skin wounds. Even though in vivo research is often preferred to study biological processes involving the skin, in vitro and ex vivo strategies have been gaining increasing relevance in recent years. Indeed, there is a noticeably increasing adoption of in vitro and ex vivo methods by internationally accepted guidelines. Furthermore, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip devices are nowadays emerging as valuable tools for functional and behavioural skin emulation. Challenges in miniaturization, automation and reliability still need to be addressed in order to create skin models that can predict skin behaviour in a robust, high-throughput manner, while being compliant with regulatory issues, standards and guidelines. In this review, skin models for transdermal transport, wound repair and cutaneous toxicity will be discussed with a focus on high-throughput strategies. Novel microfluidic strategies driven by advancements in microfabrication technologies will also be revised as a way to improve the efficiency of existing models, both in terms of complexity and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luís B Bebiano
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- ISEP - Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Simões
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Matos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rúben F Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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22
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Zhu H, Özkayar G, Lötters J, Tichem M, Ghatkesar MK. Portable and integrated microfluidic flow control system using off-the-shelf components towards organs-on-chip applications. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:19. [PMID: 37266714 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices require the precise control of various media. This is mostly done using several fluid control components, which are much larger than the typical OoC device and connected through fluidic tubing, i.e., the fluidic system is not integrated, which inhibits the system's portability. Here, we explore the limits of fluidic system integration using off-the-shelf fluidic control components. A flow control configuration is proposed that uses a vacuum to generate a fluctuation-free flow and minimizes the number of components used in the system. 3D printing is used to fabricate a custom-designed platform box for mounting the chosen smallest footprint components. It provides flexibility in arranging the various components to create experiment-specific systems. A demonstrator system is realized for lung-on-a-chip experiments. The 3D-printed platform box is 290 mm long, 240 mm wide and 37 mm tall. After integrating all the components, it weighs 4.8 kg. The system comprises of a switch valve, flow and pressure controllers, and a vacuum pump to control the diverse media flows. The system generates liquid flow rates ranging from 1.5 [Formula: see text]Lmin[Formula: see text] to 68 [Formula: see text]Lmin[Formula: see text] in the cell chambers, and a cyclic vacuum of 280 mbar below atmospheric pressure with 0.5 Hz frequency in the side channels to induce mechanical strain on the cells-substrate. The components are modular for easy exchange. The battery operated platform box can be mounted on either upright or inverted microscopes and fits in a standard incubator. Overall, it is shown that a compact integrated and portable fluidic system for OoC experiments can be constructed using off-the-shelf components. For further down-scaling, the fluidic control components, like the pump, switch valves, and flow controllers, require significant miniaturization while having a wide flow rate range with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zhu
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Zuid-Holland, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gürhan Özkayar
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Zuid-Holland, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Lötters
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Zuid-Holland, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands
- Bronkhorst High-Tech BV, Nijverheidsstraat 1A, Ruurlo, 7261 AK, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Integrated Devices and Systems, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Tichem
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Zuid-Holland, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Murali Krishna Ghatkesar
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Zuid-Holland, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
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23
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Li ZA, Sant S, Cho SK, Goodman SB, Bunnell BA, Tuan RS, Gold MS, Lin H. Synovial joint-on-a-chip for modeling arthritis: progress, pitfalls, and potential. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:511-527. [PMID: 35995600 PMCID: PMC9938846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of the synovial joint, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), afflict a substantial proportion of the global population. However, current clinical management has not been focused on fully restoring the native function of joints. Organ-on-chip (OoC), also called a microphysiological system, which typically accommodates multiple human cell-derived tissues/organs under physiological culture conditions, is an emerging platform that potentially overcomes the limitations of current models in developing therapeutics. Herein, we review major steps in the generation of OoCs for studying arthritis, discuss the challenges faced when these novel platforms enter the next phase of development and application, and present the potential for OoC technology to investigate the pathogenesis of joint diseases and the development of efficacious therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Alan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shilpa Sant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Sung Kwon Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Michael S Gold
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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24
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Chen L, Wei X, Gu D, Xu Y, Zhou H. Human liver cancer organoids: Biological applications, current challenges, and prospects in hepatoma therapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216048. [PMID: 36603689 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer and disease are among the most socially challenging global health concerns. Although organ transplantation, surgical resection and anticancer drugs are the main methods for the treatment of liver cancer, there are still no proven cures owing to the lack of donor livers and tumor heterogeneity. Recently, advances in tumor organoid technology have attracted considerable attention as they can simulate the spatial constructs and pathophysiological characteristics of tumorigenesis and metastasis in a more realistic manner. Organoids may further contribute to the development of tailored therapies. Combining organoids with other emerging techniques, such as CRISPR-HOT, organ-on-a-chip, and 3D bioprinting, may further develop organoids and address their bottlenecks to create more practical models that generalize different tissue or organ interactions in tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the various methods in which liver organoids may be generated and describe their biological and clinical applications, present challenges, and prospects for their integration with emerging technologies. These rapidly developing liver organoids may become the focus of in vitro clinical model development and therapeutic research for liver diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiafei Wei
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Dayong Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongzhong Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Cao UMN, Zhang Y, Chen J, Sayson D, Pillai S, Tran SD. Microfluidic Organ-on-A-chip: A Guide to Biomaterial Choice and Fabrication. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043232. [PMID: 36834645 PMCID: PMC9966054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-A-chip (OoAC) devices are miniaturized, functional, in vitro constructs that aim to recapitulate the in vivo physiology of an organ using different cell types and extracellular matrix, while maintaining the chemical and mechanical properties of the surrounding microenvironments. From an end-point perspective, the success of a microfluidic OoAC relies mainly on the type of biomaterial and the fabrication strategy employed. Certain biomaterials, such as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), are preferred over others due to their ease of fabrication and proven success in modelling complex organ systems. However, the inherent nature of human microtissues to respond differently to surrounding stimulations has led to the combination of biomaterials ranging from simple PDMS chips to 3D-printed polymers coated with natural and synthetic materials, including hydrogels. In addition, recent advances in 3D printing and bioprinting techniques have led to the powerful combination of utilizing these materials to develop microfluidic OoAC devices. In this narrative review, we evaluate the different materials used to fabricate microfluidic OoAC devices while outlining their pros and cons in different organ systems. A note on combining the advances made in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for the microfabrication of these complex systems is also discussed.
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26
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Pan Y, Zhou D, Liu Y, Yin Y, Yang J, Wang Y, Song Y. Emerging trends in organ-on-a-chip systems for drug screening. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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27
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Loukelis K, Helal ZA, Mikos AG, Chatzinikolaidou M. Nanocomposite Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering Applications. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020103. [PMID: 36826273 PMCID: PMC9956920 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting aims to provide new avenues for regenerating damaged human tissues through the controlled printing of live cells and biocompatible materials that can function therapeutically. Polymeric hydrogels are commonly investigated ink materials for 3D and 4D bioprinting applications, as they can contain intrinsic properties relative to those of the native tissue extracellular matrix and can be printed to produce scaffolds of hierarchical organization. The incorporation of nanoscale material additives, such as nanoparticles, to the bulk of inks, has allowed for significant tunability of the mechanical, biological, structural, and physicochemical material properties during and after printing. The modulatory and biological effects of nanoparticles as bioink additives can derive from their shape, size, surface chemistry, concentration, and/or material source, making many configurations of nanoparticle additives of high interest to be thoroughly investigated for the improved design of bioactive tissue engineering constructs. This paper aims to review the incorporation of nanoparticles, as well as other nanoscale additive materials, to printable bioinks for tissue engineering applications, specifically bone, cartilage, dental, and cardiovascular tissues. An overview of the various bioinks and their classifications will be discussed with emphasis on cellular and mechanical material interactions, as well the various bioink formulation methodologies for 3D and 4D bioprinting techniques. The current advances and limitations within the field will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Loukelis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Zina A. Helal
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria Chatzinikolaidou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FO.R.T.H), 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence:
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28
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Hrynevich A, Li Y, Cedillo-Servin G, Malda J, Castilho M. (Bio)fabrication of microfluidic devices and organs-on-a-chip. 3D Print Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89831-7.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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29
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Fritschen A, Acedo Mestre M, Scholpp S, Blaeser A. Influence of the physico-chemical bioink composition on the printability and cell biological properties in 3D-bioprinting of a liver tumor cell line. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1093101. [PMID: 36911195 PMCID: PMC9996333 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1093101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of a suitable matrix material is crucial for the development of functional, biomimetic tissue and organ models. When these tissue models are fabricated with 3D-bioprinting technology, the requirements do not only include the biological functionality and physico-chemical properties, but also the printability. In our work, we therefore present a detailed study of seven different bioinks with the focus on a functional liver carcinoma model. Agarose, gelatin, collagen and their blends were selected as materials based on their benefits for 3D cell culture and Drop-on-Demand (DoD) bioprinting. The formulations were characterized for their mechanical (G' of 10-350 Pa) and rheological (viscosity 2-200 Pa*s) properties as well as albumin diffusivity (8-50 μm2/s). The cellular behavior was exemplarily shown for HepG2 cells by monitoring viability, proliferation and morphology over 14 days, while the printability on a microvalve DoD printer was evaluated by drop volume monitoring in flight (100-250 nl), camera imaging of the wetting behavior and microscopy of the effective drop diameter (700 µm and more). We did not observe negative effects on cell viability or proliferation, which is due to the very low shear stresses inside the nozzle (200-500 Pa). With our method, we could identify the strengths and weaknesses of each material, resulting in a material portfolio. By specifically selecting certain materials or blends, cell migration and possible interaction with other cells can be directed as indicated by the results of our cellular experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fritschen
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mariana Acedo Mestre
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scholpp
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Blaeser
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany.,Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
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30
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Developments and Clinical Applications of Biomimetic Tissue Regeneration using 3D Bioprinting Technique. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:2260216. [PMID: 36582589 PMCID: PMC9794424 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2260216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineers have made great strides in the past decade thanks to the advent of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology, which has allowed them to create highly customized biological structures with precise geometric design ability, allowing us to close the gap between manufactured and natural tissues. In this work, we first survey the state-of-the-art methods, cells, and materials for 3D bioprinting. The modern uses of this method in tissue engineering are then briefly discussed. Following this, the main benefits of 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering are outlined in depth, including the ability to rapidly prototype the individualized structure and the ability to engineer with a highly controllable microenvironment. Finally, we offer some predictions for the future of 3D bioprinting in the field of tissue engineering.
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31
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Hernández-Rodríguez JF, López MÁ, Rojas D, Escarpa A. Digital manufacturing for accelerating organ-on-a-chip dissemination and electrochemical biosensing integration. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4805-4821. [PMID: 36342332 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00499b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organ on-a-chip (OoC) is a promising technology that aims to recapitulate human body pathophysiology in a more precise way to advance in drug development and complex disease understanding. However, the presence of OoC in biological laboratories is still limited and mainly restricted to laboratories with access to cleanroom facilities. Besides, the current analytical methods employed to extract information from the organ models are endpoint and post facto assays which makes it difficult to ensure that during the biological experiment the cell microenvironment, cellular functionality and behaviour are controlled. Hence, the integration of real-time biosensors is highly needed and requested by the OoC end-user community to provide insight into organ function and responses to stimuli. In this context, electrochemical sensors stand out due to their advantageous features like miniaturization capabilities, ease of use, automatization and high sensitivity and selectivity. Electrochemical sensors have been already successfully miniaturized and employed in other fields such as wearables and point-of-care devices. We have identified that the explanation for this issue may be, to a large extent, the accessibility to microfabrication technologies. These fields employ preferably digital manufacturing (DM), which is a more accessible microfabrication approach regardless of funding and facilities. Therefore, we envision that a paradigm shift in microfabrication that adopts DM instead of the dominating soft lithography for the in-lab microfabrication of OoC devices will contribute to the dissemination of the field and integration of the promising real-time sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering and Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. Del Río", University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering and Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. Del Río", University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Chliara MA, Elezoglou S, Zergioti I. Bioprinting on Organ-on-Chip: Development and Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1135. [PMID: 36551101 PMCID: PMC9775862 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are microfluidic devices that contain bioengineered tissues or parts of natural tissues or organs and can mimic the crucial structures and functions of living organisms. They are designed to control and maintain the cell- and tissue-specific microenvironment while also providing detailed feedback about the activities that are taking place. Bioprinting is an emerging technology for constructing artificial tissues or organ constructs by combining state-of-the-art 3D printing methods with biomaterials. The utilization of 3D bioprinting and cells patterning in OoC technologies reinforces the creation of more complex structures that can imitate the functions of a living organism in a more precise way. Here, we summarize the current 3D bioprinting techniques and we focus on the advantages of 3D bioprinting compared to traditional cell seeding in addition to the methods, materials, and applications of 3D bioprinting in the development of OoC microsystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anna Chliara
- School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece
- Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - Stavroula Elezoglou
- School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece
- PhosPrint P.C., Lefkippos Technology Park, NCSR Demokritos Patriarchou Grigoriou 5’ & Neapoleos 27, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Zergioti
- School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece
- Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, 15780 Zografou, Greece
- PhosPrint P.C., Lefkippos Technology Park, NCSR Demokritos Patriarchou Grigoriou 5’ & Neapoleos 27, 15341 Athens, Greece
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Aaryasree K, Yagnik A, Chordiya PK, Choudhury K, Kumar P. Nature-Inspired Vascularised Materials and Devices for Biomedical Engineering. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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Liu X, Su Q, Zhang X, Yang W, Ning J, Jia K, Xin J, Li H, Yu L, Liao Y, Zhang D. Recent Advances of Organ-on-a-Chip in Cancer Modeling Research. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12111045. [PMID: 36421163 PMCID: PMC9688857 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have focused on oncology and therapeutics in cancer, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to the unclear molecular mechanism and complex in vivo microenvironment of tumors, it is challenging to reveal the nature of cancer and develop effective therapeutics. Therefore, the development of new methods to explore the role of heterogeneous TME in individual patients' cancer drug response is urgently needed and critical for the effective therapeutic management of cancer. The organ-on-chip (OoC) platform, which integrates the technology of 3D cell culture, tissue engineering, and microfluidics, is emerging as a new method to simulate the critical structures of the in vivo tumor microenvironment and functional characteristics. It overcomes the failure of traditional 2D/3D cell culture models and preclinical animal models to completely replicate the complex TME of human tumors. As a brand-new technology, OoC is of great significance for the realization of personalized treatment and the development of new drugs. This review discusses the recent advances of OoC in cancer biology studies. It focuses on the design principles of OoC devices and associated applications in cancer modeling. The challenges for the future development of this field are also summarized in this review. This review displays the broad applications of OoC technique and has reference value for oncology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Qiuping Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Junhua Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Kangle Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Jinlan Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Huanling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Longfei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Yuheng Liao
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Diming Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
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Zhao L, Wang X. 3D printed microfluidics for cell biological applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Feng J, Neuzil J, Manz A, Iliescu C, Neuzil P. Microfluidic trends in drug screening and drug delivery. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Khati V, Turkki JA, Ramachandraiah H, Pati F, Gaudenzi G, Russom A. Indirect 3D Bioprinting of a Robust Trilobular Hepatic Construct with Decellularized Liver Matrix Hydrogel. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:603. [PMID: 36354514 PMCID: PMC9687301 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver exhibits complex geometrical morphologies of hepatic cells arranged in a hexagonal lobule with an extracellular matrix (ECM) organized in a specific pattern on a multi-scale level. Previous studies have utilized 3D bioprinting and microfluidic perfusion systems with various biomaterials to develop lobule-like constructs. However, they all lack anatomical relevance with weak control over the size and shape of the fabricated structures. Moreover, most biomaterials lack liver-specific ECM components partially or entirely, which might limit their biomimetic mechanical properties and biological functions. Here, we report 3D bioprinting of a sacrificial PVA framework to impart its trilobular hepatic structure to the decellularized liver extracellular matrix (dLM) hydrogel with polyethylene glycol-based crosslinker and tyrosinase to fabricate a robust multi-scale 3D liver construct. The 3D trilobular construct exhibits higher crosslinking, viscosity (182.7 ± 1.6 Pa·s), and storage modulus (2554 ± 82.1 Pa) than non-crosslinked dLM. The co-culture of HepG2 liver cells and NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells exhibited the influence of fibroblasts on liver-specific activity over time (7 days) to show higher viability (90-91.5%), albumin secretion, and increasing activity of four liver-specific genes as compared to the HepG2 monoculture. This technique offers high lumen patency for the perfusion of media to fabricate a densely populated scaled-up liver model, which can also be extended to other tissue types with different biomaterials and multiple cells to support the creation of a large functional complex tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamakshi Khati
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, India
| | - Giulia Gaudenzi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- AIMES—Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden
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Lv W, Zhou H, Aazmi A, Yu M, Xu X, Yang H, Huang YYS, Ma L. Constructing biomimetic liver models through biomaterials and vasculature engineering. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac079. [PMID: 36338176 PMCID: PMC9629974 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of various liver diseases can lead to organ failure of the liver, which is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Liver tissue engineering see the potential for replacing liver transplantation and drug toxicity studies facing donor shortages. The basic elements in liver tissue engineering are cells and biomaterials. Both mature hepatocytes and differentiated stem cells can be used as the main source of cells to construct spheroids and organoids, achieving improved cell function. To mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment, biomaterials need to be biocompatible and bioactive, which also help support cell proliferation and differentiation and allow ECM deposition and vascularized structures formation. In addition, advanced manufacturing approaches are required to construct the extracellular microenvironment, and it has been proved that the structured three-dimensional culture system can help to improve the activity of hepatocytes and the characterization of specific proteins. In summary, we review biomaterials for liver tissue engineering, including natural hydrogels and synthetic polymers, and advanced processing techniques for building vascularized microenvironments, including bioassembly, bioprinting and microfluidic methods. We then summarize the application fields including transplant and regeneration, disease models and drug cytotoxicity analysis. In the end, we put the challenges and prospects of vascularized liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongzhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Abdellah Aazmi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Guo W, Chen Z, Feng Z, Li H, Zhang M, Zhang H, Cui X. Fabrication of Concave Microwells and Their Applications in Micro-Tissue Engineering: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13091555. [PMID: 36144178 PMCID: PMC9505614 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
At present, there is an increasing need to mimic the in vivo micro-environment in the culture of cells and tissues in micro-tissue engineering. Concave microwells are becoming increasingly popular since they can provide a micro-environment that is closer to the in vivo environment compared to traditional microwells, which can facilitate the culture of cells and tissues. Here, we will summarize the fabrication methods of concave microwells, as well as their applications in micro-tissue engineering. The fabrication methods of concave microwells include traditional methods, such as lithography and etching, thermal reflow of photoresist, laser ablation, precision-computerized numerical control (CNC) milling, and emerging technologies, such as surface tension methods, the deformation of soft membranes, 3D printing, the molding of microbeads, air bubbles, and frozen droplets. The fabrication of concave microwells is transferring from professional microfabrication labs to common biochemical labs to facilitate their applications and provide convenience for users. Concave microwells have mostly been used in organ-on-a-chip models, including the formation and culture of 3D cell aggregates (spheroids, organoids, and embryoids). Researchers have also used microwells to study the influence of substrate topology on cellular behaviors. We will briefly review their applications in different aspects of micro-tissue engineering and discuss the further applications of concave microwells. We believe that building multiorgan-on-a-chip by 3D cell aggregates of different cell lines will be a popular application of concave microwells, while integrating physiologically relevant molecular analyses with the 3D culture platform will be another popular application in the near future. Furthermore, 3D cell aggregates from these biosystems will find more applications in drug screening and xenogeneic implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zejingqiu Chen
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zitao Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Muyang Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huiru Zhang
- Guangdong Foshan Lianchuang Graduate School of Engineering, Foshan 528311, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Qiu B, Chen X, Xu F, Wu D, Zhou Y, Tu W, Jin H, He G, Chen S, Sun D. Nanofiber self-consistent additive manufacturing process for 3D microfluidics. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:102. [PMID: 36119377 PMCID: PMC9477890 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3D microfluidic devices have emerged as powerful platforms for analytical chemistry, biomedical sensors, and microscale fluid manipulation. 3D printing technology, owing to its structural fabrication flexibility, has drawn extensive attention in the field of 3D microfluidics fabrication. However, the collapse of suspended structures and residues of sacrificial materials greatly restrict the application of this technology, especially for extremely narrow channel fabrication. In this paper, a 3D printing strategy named nanofiber self-consistent additive manufacturing (NSCAM) is proposed for integrated 3D microfluidic chip fabrication with porous nanofibers as supporting structures, which avoids the sacrificial layer release process. In the NSCAM process, electrospinning and electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) writing are alternately employed. The porous polyimide nanofiber mats formed by electrospinning are ingeniously applied as both supporting structures for the suspended layer and percolating media for liquid flow, while the polydimethylsiloxane E-jet writing ink printed on the nanofiber mats (named construction fluid in this paper) controllably permeates through the porous mats. After curing, the resultant construction fluid-nanofiber composites are formed as 3D channel walls. As a proof of concept, a microfluidic pressure-gain valve, which contains typical features of narrow channels and movable membranes, was fabricated, and the printed valve was totally closed under a control pressure of 45 kPa with a fast dynamic response of 52.6 ms, indicating the feasibility of NSCAM. Therefore, we believe NSCAM is a promising technique for manufacturing microdevices that include movable membrane cavities, pillar cavities, and porous scaffolds, showing broad applications in 3D microfluidics, soft robot drivers or sensors, and organ-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qiu
- Fujian Micro/Nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524000 China
| | - Feng Xu
- Fujian Micro/Nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Dongyang Wu
- Fujian Micro/Nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Yike Zhou
- Fujian Micro/Nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Wenchang Tu
- Fujian Micro/Nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Hang Jin
- Fujian Micro/Nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Gonghan He
- Fujian Micro/Nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Songyue Chen
- Fujian Micro/Nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Daoheng Sun
- Fujian Micro/Nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
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Gao W, Wang C, Li Q, Zhang X, Yuan J, Li D, Sun Y, Chen Z, Gu Z. Application of medical imaging methods and artificial intelligence in tissue engineering and organ-on-a-chip. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:985692. [PMID: 36172022 PMCID: PMC9511994 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.985692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a new type of biochip technology. Various types of OOC systems have been developed rapidly in the past decade and found important applications in drug screening and precision medicine. However, due to the complexity in the structure of both the chip-body itself and the engineered-tissue inside, the imaging and analysis of OOC have still been a big challenge for biomedical researchers. Considering that medical imaging is moving towards higher spatial and temporal resolution and has more applications in tissue engineering, this paper aims to review medical imaging methods, including CT, micro-CT, MRI, small animal MRI, and OCT, and introduces the application of 3D printing in tissue engineering and OOC in which medical imaging plays an important role. The achievements of medical imaging assisted tissue engineering are reviewed, and the potential applications of medical imaging in organoids and OOC are discussed. Moreover, artificial intelligence - especially deep learning - has demonstrated its excellence in the analysis of medical imaging; we will also present the application of artificial intelligence in the image analysis of 3D tissues, especially for organoids developed in novel OOC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Chinese Astronaut Science Researching and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianfu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- International Children’s Medical Imaging Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaozao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Taymour R, Chicaiza-Cabezas NA, Gelinsky M, Lode A. Core-shell bioprinting of vascularized in vitro liver sinusoid models. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 36070706 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac9019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In vitro liver models allow the investigation of the cell behavior in disease conditions or in response to changes in the microenvironment. A major challenge in liver tissue engineering is to mimic the tissue-level complexity: Besides the selection of suitable biomaterial(s) replacing the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell sources, the three-dimensional (3D) microarchitecture defined by the fabrication method is a critical factor to achieve functional constructs. In this study, coaxial extrusion-based 3D bioprinting has been applied to develop a liver sinusoid-like model that consists of a core compartment containing pre-vascular structures and a shell compartment containing hepatocytes. The shell ink was composed of alginate and methylcellulose (algMC), dissolved in human fresh frozen plasma. The algMC blend conferred high printing fidelity and stability to the core-shell constructs and the plasma as biologically active component enhanced viability and supported cluster formation and biomarker expression of HepG2 embedded in the shell. For the core, a natural ECM-like ink based on angiogenesis-supporting collagen-fibrin (CF) matrices was developed; the addition of gelatin (G) enabled 3D printing in combination with the plasma-algMC shell ink. Human endothelial cells (HUVEC), laden in the CFG core ink together with human fibroblasts as supportive cells, formed a pre-vascular network in the core in the absence and presence of HepG2 in the shell. The cellular interactions occurring in the triple culture model enhanced the albumin secretion. In conclusion, core-shell bioprinting was shown to be a valuable tool to study cell-cell-interactions and to develop complex tissue-like models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Taymour
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Sachsen, 01307, GERMANY
| | - Nathaly Alejandra Chicaiza-Cabezas
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Sachsen, 01307, GERMANY
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Technische Universitat Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01062, GERMANY
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, 01307, GERMANY
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A Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Copolymer Scaffold with Biocompatibility and Structural Integrity for Potential Tissue Regeneration Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163415. [PMID: 36015671 PMCID: PMC9413511 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was to investigate the rheological property, printability, and cell viability of alginate−gelatin composed hydrogels as a potential cell-laden bioink for three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting applications. The 2 g of sodium alginate dissolved in 50 mL of phosphate buffered saline solution was mixed with different concentrations (1% (0.5 g), 2% (1 g), 3% (1.5 g), and 4% (2 g)) of gelatin, denoted as GBH-1, GBH-2, GBH-3, and GBH-4, respectively. The properties of the investigated hydrogels were characterized by contact angle goniometer, rheometer, and bioprinter. In addition, the hydrogel with a proper concentration was adopted as a cell-laden bioink to conduct cell viability testing (before and after bioprinting) using Live/Dead assay and immunofluorescence staining with a human corneal fibroblast cell line. The analytical results indicated that the GBH-2 hydrogel exhibited the lowest loss rate of contact angle (28%) and similar rheological performance as compared with other investigated hydrogels and the control group. Printability results also showed that the average wire diameter of the GBH-2 bioink (0.84 ± 0.02 mm (*** p < 0.001)) post-printing was similar to that of the control group (0.79 ± 0.05 mm). Moreover, a cell scaffold could be fabricated from the GBH-2 bioink and retained its shape integrity for 24 h post-printing. For bioprinting evaluation, it demonstrated that the GBH-2 bioink possessed well viability (>70%) of the human corneal fibroblast cell after seven days of printing under an ideal printing parameter combination (0.4 mm of inner diameter needle, 0.8 bar of printing pressure, and 25 °C of printing temperature). Therefore, the present study suggests that the GBH-2 hydrogel could be developed as a potential cell-laden bioink to print a cell scaffold with biocompatibility and structural integrity for soft tissues such as skin, cornea, nerve, and blood vessel regeneration applications.
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Kwak D, Olsen PA, Danielsen A, Jensenius AR. A trio of biological rhythms and their relevance in rhythmic mechanical stimulation of cell cultures. Front Psychol 2022; 13:867191. [PMID: 35967633 PMCID: PMC9374063 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.867191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this article is to provide a biological rhythm model based on previous theoretical and experimental findings to promote more comprehensive studies of rhythmic mechanical stimulation of cell cultures, which relates to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields. Through an interdisciplinary approach where different standpoints from biology and musicology are combined, we explore some of the core rhythmic features of biological and cellular rhythmic processes and present them as a trio model that aims to afford a basic but fundamental understanding of the connections between various biological rhythms. It is vital to highlight such links since rhythmic mechanical stimulation and its effect on cell cultures are vastly underexplored even though the cellular response to mechanical stimuli (mechanotransduction) has been studied widely and relevant experimental evidence suggests mechanotransduction processes are rhythmic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongho Kwak
- Department of Musicology, RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Dongho Kwak,
| | - Petter Angell Olsen
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre for Organ on a Chip-Technology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Unit for Cell Signaling, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Danielsen
- Department of Musicology, RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Refsum Jensenius
- Department of Musicology, RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Badr-Eldin SM, Aldawsari HM, Kotta S, Deb PK, Venugopala KN. Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cell Culture Models for Efficient Drug Discovery: Progress So Far and Future Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:926. [PMID: 36015074 PMCID: PMC9412659 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous advancements in technologies and resources, drug discovery still remains a tedious and expensive process. Though most cells are cultured using 2D monolayer cultures, due to lack of specificity, biochemical incompatibility, and cell-to-cell/matrix communications, they often lag behind in the race of modern drug discovery. There exists compelling evidence that 3D cell culture models are quite promising and advantageous in mimicking in vivo conditions. It is anticipated that these 3D cell culture methods will bridge the translation of data from 2D cell culture to animal models. Although 3D technologies have been adopted widely these days, they still have certain challenges associated with them, such as the maintenance of a micro-tissue environment similar to in vivo models and a lack of reproducibility. However, newer 3D cell culture models are able to bypass these issues to a maximum extent. This review summarizes the basic principles of 3D cell culture approaches and emphasizes different 3D techniques such as hydrogels, spheroids, microfluidic devices, organoids, and 3D bioprinting methods. Besides the progress made so far in 3D cell culture systems, the article emphasizes the various challenges associated with these models and their potential role in drug repositioning, including perspectives from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabna Kotta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Sateesh J, Guha K, Dutta A, Sengupta P, Yalamanchili D, Donepudi NS, Surya Manoj M, Sohail SS. A comprehensive review on advancements in tissue engineering and microfluidics toward kidney-on-chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:041501. [PMID: 35992641 PMCID: PMC9385224 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a detailed literature survey on microfluidics and its road map toward kidney-on-chip technology. The whole review has been tailored with a clear description of crucial milestones in regenerative medicine, such as bioengineering, tissue engineering, microfluidics, microfluidic applications in biomedical engineering, capabilities of microfluidics in biomimetics, organ-on-chip, kidney-on-chip for disease modeling, drug toxicity, and implantable devices. This paper also presents future scope for research in the bio-microfluidics domain and biomimetics domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koushik Guha
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National MEMS Design Centre, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
| | - Arindam Dutta
- Urologist, RG Stone Urology and Laparoscopic Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Nanda Sai Donepudi
- Medical Interns, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India
| | - M. Surya Manoj
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National MEMS Design Centre, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
| | - Sk. Shahrukh Sohail
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National MEMS Design Centre, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
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47
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Wu W, Li X, Yu S. Patient-derived Tumour Organoids: A Bridge between Cancer Biology and Personalised Therapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 146:23-36. [PMID: 35533925 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived tumour organoids (PDOs) have revolutionised our understanding of cancer biology and the applications of personalised therapies. These advancements are principally ascribed to the ability of PDOs to consistently recapitulate and maintain the genomic, proteomic and morphological characteristics of parental tumours. Given these characteristics, PDOs (and their extended biobanks) are a representative preclinical model eminently suited to translate relevant scientific findings into personalized therapies rapidly. Here, we summarise recent advancements in PDOs from the perspective of cancer biology and clinical applications, focusing on the current challenges and opportunities of reconstructing and standardising more sophisticated PDO models. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Patient-derived tumour organoids (PDOs), three-dimensional (3D) self-assembled organotypic structures, have revolutionised our understanding of cancer biology and the applications of personalised therapies. These advancements are principally ascribed to the ability of PDOs to consistently recapitulate and maintain the genomic, proteomic and morphological characteristics of parental tumours. Given these characteristics, PDOs (and their extended biobanks) are a representative preclinical model eminently suited to translate relevant scientific findings into personalized therapies rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wence Wu
- Departments of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Nanli, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Departments of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Nanli, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shengji Yu
- Departments of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Nanli, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
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48
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Messelmani T, Morisseau L, Sakai Y, Legallais C, Le Goff A, Leclerc E, Jellali R. Liver organ-on-chip models for toxicity studies and risk assessment. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2423-2450. [PMID: 35694831 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a key organ that plays a pivotal role in metabolism and ensures a variety of functions in the body, including homeostasis, synthesis of essential components, nutrient storage, and detoxification. As the centre of metabolism for exogenous molecules, the liver is continuously exposed to a wide range of compounds, such as drugs, pesticides, and environmental pollutants. Most of these compounds can cause hepatotoxicity and lead to severe and irreversible liver damage. To study the effects of chemicals and drugs on the liver, most commonly, animal models or in vitro 2D cell cultures are used. However, data obtained from animal models lose their relevance when extrapolated to the human metabolic situation and pose ethical concerns, while 2D static cultures are poorly predictive of human in vivo metabolism and toxicity. As a result, there is a widespread need to develop relevant in vitro liver models for toxicology studies. In recent years, progress in tissue engineering, biomaterials, microfabrication, and cell biology has created opportunities for more relevant in vitro models for toxicology studies. Of these models, the liver organ-on-chip (OoC) has shown promising results by reproducing the in vivo behaviour of the cell/organ or a group of organs, the controlled physiological micro-environment, and in vivo cellular metabolic responses. In this review, we discuss the development of liver organ-on-chip technology and its use in toxicity studies. First, we introduce the physiology of the liver and summarize the traditional experimental models for toxicity studies. We then present liver OoC technology, including the general concept, materials used, cell sources, and different approaches. We review the prominent liver OoC and multi-OoC integrating the liver for drug and chemical toxicity studies. Finally, we conclude with the future challenges and directions for developing or improving liver OoC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Messelmani
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Lisa Morisseau
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cécile Legallais
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Anne Le Goff
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Eric Leclerc
- CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Rachid Jellali
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
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49
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Osouli-Bostanabad K, Masalehdan T, Kapsa RMI, Quigley A, Lalatsa A, Bruggeman KF, Franks SJ, Williams RJ, Nisbet DR. Traction of 3D and 4D Printing in the Healthcare Industry: From Drug Delivery and Analysis to Regenerative Medicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2764-2797. [PMID: 35696306 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing and 3D bioprinting are promising technologies for a broad range of healthcare applications from frontier regenerative medicine and tissue engineering therapies to pharmaceutical advancements yet must overcome the challenges of biocompatibility and resolution. Through comparison of traditional biofabrication methods with 3D (bio)printing, this review highlights the promise of 3D printing for the production of on-demand, personalized, and complex products that enhance the accessibility, effectiveness, and safety of drug therapies and delivery systems. In addition, this review describes the capacity of 3D bioprinting to fabricate patient-specific tissues and living cell systems (e.g., vascular networks, organs, muscles, and skeletal systems) as well as its applications in the delivery of cells and genes, microfluidics, and organ-on-chip constructs. This review summarizes how tailoring selected parameters (i.e., accurately selecting the appropriate printing method, materials, and printing parameters based on the desired application and behavior) can better facilitate the development of optimized 3D-printed products and how dynamic 4D-printed strategies (printing materials designed to change with time or stimulus) may be deployed to overcome many of the inherent limitations of conventional 3D-printed technologies. Comprehensive insights into a critical perspective of the future of 4D bioprinting, crucial requirements for 4D printing including the programmability of a material, multimaterial printing methods, and precise designs for meticulous transformations or even clinical applications are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Osouli-Bostanabad
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular, Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Tahereh Masalehdan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16444, Iran
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- Biomedical and Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Anita Quigley
- Biomedical and Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular, Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Kiara F Bruggeman
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Chemistry and the John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Franks
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Chemistry and the John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Richard J Williams
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Chemistry and the John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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50
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Böttcher B, Pflieger A, Schumacher J, Jungnickel B, Feller KH. 3D Bioprinting of Prevascularized Full-Thickness Gelatin-Alginate Structures with Embedded Co-Cultures. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060242. [PMID: 35735485 PMCID: PMC9219913 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of bioprinting allows the creation of complex three-dimensional cell laden grafts with spatial placements of different cell lines. However, a major challenge is insufficient nutrient transfer, especially with the increased size of the graft causing necrosis and reduced proliferation. A possibility to improve nutrient support is the integration of tubular structures for reducing diffusion paths. In this study the influence of prevascularization in full-thickness grafts on cell growth with a variation of cultivation style and cellular composition was investigated. To perform this, the rheological properties of the used gelatin-alginate hydrogel as well as possibilities to improve growth conditions in the hydrogel were assessed. Prevascularized grafts were manufactured using a pneumatic extrusion-based bioprinter with a coaxial extrusion tool. The prevascularized grafts were statically and dynamically cultured with a monoculture of HepG2 cells. Additionally, a co-culture of HepG2 cells, fibroblasts and HUVEC-TERT2 was created while HUVEC-TERT2s were concentrically placed around the hollow channels. A static culture of prevascularized grafts showed short-term improvements in cell proliferation compared to avascular grafts, while a perfusion-based culture showed improvements in mid-term cultivation times. The cultivation of the co-culture indicated the formation of vascular structures from the hollow channels toward avascular areas. According to these results, the integration of prevascular structures show beneficial effects for the in vitro cultivation of bioprinted grafts for which its impact can be increased in larger grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Böttcher
- Institute for Microsystem and Precision Engineering, Ernst-Abbe University of Applied Science Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany; (B.B.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Astrid Pflieger
- Institute for Microsystem and Precision Engineering, Ernst-Abbe University of Applied Science Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany; (B.B.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Schumacher
- Institute for Microsystem and Precision Engineering, Ernst-Abbe University of Applied Science Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany; (B.B.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Berit Jungnickel
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Karl-Heinz Feller
- Institute for Microsystem and Precision Engineering, Ernst-Abbe University of Applied Science Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany; (B.B.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-205-621
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