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Synthesis and Characterization of Linear Copolymers Based on Pharmaceutically Functionalized Monomeric Choline Ionic Liquid for Delivery of p-Aminosalicylate. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030860. [PMID: 36986721 PMCID: PMC10059273 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive linear poly(ionic liquid)s (PIL) were designed as carriers in drug delivery systems (DDS). Their synthesis was based on a monomeric ionic liquid (MIL) with a relevant pharmaceutical anion to create therapeutically functionalized monomers, which further can be used in the controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The presence of chloride counterions in the quaternary ammonium groups of choline MIL, e.g., [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl-ammonium chloride (ChMACl), was stimulated to undergo the anion exchange with p-aminosalicylate sodium salt (NaPAS) as the source of the pharmaceutical anion with antibacterial activity. The resultant [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium p-aminosalicylate (ChMAPAS) was copolymerized to attain the well-defined linear choline-based copolymers with various contents of PAS anions (24–42%), which were regulated by the initial ratio of ChMAPAS to MMA and conversion degree. The length of polymeric chains was evaluated by the total monomer conversion (31–66%) yielding degree of polymerization (DPn = 133–272). Depending on the polymer carrier composition, PAS anions were exchanged by 60–100% within 1 h, 80–100% within 4 h, and completely after 24 h by phosphate anions in PBS imitating a physiological fluid.
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Recent Advances in the Application of ATRP in the Synthesis of Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051234. [PMID: 36904474 PMCID: PMC10007417 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) have enabled the precise design and preparation of nanostructured polymeric materials for a variety of biomedical applications. This paper briefly summarizes recent developments in the synthesis of bio-therapeutics for drug delivery based on linear and branched block copolymers and bioconjugates using ATRP, which have been tested in drug delivery systems (DDSs) over the past decade. An important trend is the rapid development of a number of smart DDSs that can release bioactive materials in response to certain external stimuli, either physical (e.g., light, ultrasound, or temperature) or chemical factors (e.g., changes in pH values and/or environmental redox potential). The use of ATRPs in the synthesis of polymeric bioconjugates containing drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as systems applied in combination therapies, has also received considerable attention.
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Lemanowicz M, Chrzanowska J, Kotek M, Mielańczyk A, Kupczak M, Niewolik D, Korytkowska-Wałach A, Klymenko O, Kocur A, Neugebauer D. Stimuli-Responsive Star Polymer as an Admixture for Crystallization of Hollow Crystals. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8240. [PMID: 36431723 PMCID: PMC9692294 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are becoming a very popular tool in the crystallization of different compounds. In this work, a new method of crystallization is proposed using stimuli-responsive star polymer in order to obtain hollow structure crystals. In these experiments, amphiphilic copolymer of acrylic acid (AA) and methyl acrylate (MA) were used for isohydric crystallization via they cooling of KCl in deionized water solution. The experiments were realized in quartz cuvette with a magnetic stirrer using a specialized spectrometer with precise temperature control. The crystallization course was monitored by the absorbance readings and analysis of the nucleation energetic effect. It was proved that the moment of the polymer's phase transition occurrence had an important role in the crystal growth process. On the other hand, the occurrence of phase transition did not trigger the nucleation. The supercoolings achieved in the presence of the polymer were significantly higher compared to pure salt crystallization. On the basis of analysis of Particle Size Distribution (PSD) and Critical Aggregation Concentration (CAC) of the polymer, it was proposed that the hydrophobic particles of macromolecules created from polymeric aggregates served as templates for the formation of hollow crystals. Their purity was verified using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), 1H NMR, and XRD. Only trace amounts of polymer were found in the crystalline product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lemanowicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Justyna Chrzanowska
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Milena Kotek
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Mielańczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ks. M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Kupczak
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ks. M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Daria Niewolik
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ks. M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Korytkowska-Wałach
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Olesya Klymenko
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Alicja Kocur
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ks. M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Bielas R, Maksym P, Tarnacka M, Minecka A, Jurkiewicz K, Talik A, Geppert-Rybczyńska M, Grelska J, Mielańczyk Ł, Bernat R, Kamiński K, Paluch M, Kamińska E. Synthetic strategy matters: The study of a different kind of PVP as micellar vehicles of metronidazole. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Temperature and pH-Dependent Response of Poly(Acrylic Acid) and Poly(Acrylic Acid- co-Methyl Acrylate) in Highly Concentrated Potassium Chloride Aqueous Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020486. [PMID: 32098216 PMCID: PMC7077713 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the phase transition phenomena of linear poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and linear or star-shaped poly(acrylic acid-co-methyl acrylate) (P(AA-co-MA)) in highly concentrated KCl solutions were investigated. The effects of polymer molecular weight, topology, and composition on their phase transition behavior in solution were investigated. The cloud point temperature (TCP) of polymers drastically increased as the KCl concentration (CKCl) and solution pH increased. CKCl strongly influenced the temperature range at which the phase transition of PAA occurred: CKCl of 1.0–2.2 M allowed the phase transition to occur between 30 and 75 °C. Unfortunately, at CKCl above 2.6 M, the TCP of PAA was too high to theoretically trigger the crystallization of KCl. The addition of hydrophobic methyl acrylate moieties decreased the TCP into a temperature region where KCl crystallization could occur. Additionally, the hydrodynamic diameters (Dh) and zeta potentials of commercial PAA samples were examined at room temperature and at their TCP using dynamic light scattering. The salt concentration (from 1 to 3 M) did not impact the hydrodynamic diameter of the molecules. Dh values were 1500 and 15 nm at room temperature and at TCP, respectively.
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Odrobińska J, Mielańczyk Ł, Neugebauer D. 4- n-Butylresorcinol-Based Linear and Graft Polymethacrylates for Arbutin and Vitamins Delivery by Micellar Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020330. [PMID: 32033296 PMCID: PMC7077416 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel initiator, bromoester modified 4-n-butylresorcinol (4nBREBr2), was prepared and utilized in controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to obtain three series of amphiphilic copolymers. The V-shaped copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MPEGMA), abbreviated to P(HEMA-co-MMA), P(HEMA-co-MPEGMA), and P(MMA-co-MPEGMA), were synthesized. Moreover, P((HEMA-graft-PEG)-co-MMA) graft copolymers were prepared by combining the pre-polymerization modification of HEMA and a "click" reaction using a "grafting onto" approach. All copolymers could form micelles with encapsulated active substances (vitamin C (VitC), vitamin E (VitE), arbutin (ARB)), which are used in cosmetology. In vitro studies carried out in a PBS solution (pH 7.4) demonstrates that in most cases the maximum release of active substance was after 1 h. The polymeric systems presenting satisfactory encapsulation characteristics and release profiles are attractive micellar carriers of cosmetic substances, which show a positive effect on the skin condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Odrobińska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Mielańczyk
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Retinol-Containing Graft Copolymers for Delivery of Skin-Curing Agents. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080378. [PMID: 31382359 PMCID: PMC6722771 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The new polymeric systems for delivery in cosmetology applications were prepared using self-assembling amphiphilic graft copolymers. The synthesis based on "click" chemistry reaction included grafting of azide-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG-N3) onto multifunctional polymethacrylates containing alkyne units. The latter ones were obtained via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of alkyne-functionalized monomers, e.g., ester of hexynoic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (AlHEMA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA), using bromoester-modified retinol (RETBr) as the initiator. Varying the content of alkyne moieties adjusted by initial monomer ratios of AlHEMA/MMA was advantageous for the achievement of a well-defined grafting degree. The designed amphiphilic graft copolymers P((HEMA-graft-PEG)-co-MMA), showing tendency to micellization in aqueous solution at room temperature, were encapsulated with arbutin (ARB) or vitamin C (VitC) with high efficiencies (>50%). In vitro experiments carried out in the phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) at pH 7.4 indicated the maximum release of ARB after at least 20 min and VitC within 10 min. The fast release of the selected antioxidants and skin-lightening agents by these micellar systems is satisfactory for applications in cosmetology, where they can be used as the components of masks, creams, and wraps.
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Neugebauer D, Mielańczyk A, Bielas R, Odrobińska J, Kupczak M, Niesyto K. Ionic Polymethacrylate Based Delivery Systems: Effect of Carrier Topology and Drug Loading. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E337. [PMID: 31311145 PMCID: PMC6681121 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presented drug delivery polymeric systems (DDS), i.e., conjugates and self-assemblies, based on grafted and star-shaped polymethacrylates have been studied for the last few years in our group. This minireview is focused on the relationship of polymer structure to drug conjugation/entrapment efficiency and release capability. Both graft and linear polymers containing trimethylammonium groups showed the ability to release the pharmaceutical anions by ionic exchange, but in aqueous solution they were also self-assembled into nanoparticles with encapsulated nonionic drugs. Star-shaped polymers functionalized with ionizable amine/carboxylic groups were investigated for drug conjugation via ketimine/amide linkers. However, only the conjugates of polybases were water-soluble, giving opportunity for release studies, whereas the self-assembling polyacidic stars were encapsulated with the model drugs. Depending on the type of drug loading in the polymer matrix, their release rates were ordered as follows: Physical ≥ ionic > covalent. The studies indicated that the well-defined ionic polymethacrylates, including poly(ionic liquid)s, are advantageous for designing macromolecular carriers due to the variety of structural parameters, which are efficient for tuning of drug loading and release behavior in respect to the specific drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Neugebauer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Anna Mielańczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Rafał Bielas
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Justyna Odrobińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Kupczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niesyto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Bielas R, Siewniak A, Skonieczna M, Adamiec M, Mielańczyk Ł, Neugebauer D. Choline based polymethacrylate matrix with pharmaceutical cations as co-delivery system for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory combined therapy. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Pietrasik J, Budzałek K, Zhang Y, Hałagan K, Kozanecki M. Macromolecular Templates for Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1285.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pietrasik
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Budzałek
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yaoming Zhang
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Hałagan
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Kozanecki
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
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Bielas R, Łukowiec D, Neugebauer D. Drug delivery via anion exchange of salicylate decorating poly(meth)acrylates based on a pharmaceutical ionic liquid. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02667f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly[trimethylammonium (meth)acrylate]s decorated by salicylate anions were investigated as drug carriers. Efficient exchange of drug was provided by phosphate anions contained in the medium within 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Bielas
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology
- Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Dariusz Łukowiec
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology
- Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology
- Gliwice
- Poland
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