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Fontes LFB, Rocha J, Silva AMS, Guieu S. Excited-State Proton Transfer in Luminescent Dyes: From Theoretical Insight to Experimental Evidence. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301540. [PMID: 37450664 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The effective utilization of luminescent dyes often relies on a comprehensive understanding of their excitation and relaxation pathways. One such pathway, Excited-State Proton Transfer (ESPT), involves the tautomerization of the dye in its excited state, resulting in a new structure that exhibits distinct emission properties, such as a very large Stokes' shift or dual-emission. Although the ESPT phenomenon is well-explained theoretically, its experimental demonstration can be challenging due to the presence of numerous other phenomena that can yield similar experimental observations. In this review, we propose that an all-encompassing methodology, integrating experimental findings, computational analyses, and a thorough evaluation of diverse mechanisms, is essential for verifying the occurrence of ESPT in luminescent dyes. Investigations have offered significant understanding of the elements impacting the ESPT process and the array of approaches that can be used to validate the existence of ESPT. These discoveries hold crucial ramifications for the advancement of molecular probes, sensors, and other applications that depend on ESPT as a detection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F B Fontes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Samuel Guieu
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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2
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Tigreros A, Bedoya-Malagón C, Valencia A, Núñez-Portela M, Portilla J. Photophysical and anion sensing properties of a triphenylamine-dioxaborinine trimeric compound. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1757-1764. [PMID: 36712638 PMCID: PMC9828043 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and photophysical characterization of the novel tris(4-(2,2-difluoro-6-methyl-2H-1λ3,3,2λ4-dioxaborinin-4-yl)phenyl)amine trimeric probe (A2) via the reaction between triphenylamine (1), acetic anhydride, and BF3·OEt2 implying the twelve new bond formation in a one-pot manner. This highly fluorescent compound in solution (φ up to 0.91 at 572 nm) and solid state (φ = 0.24 at 571 nm) showed a better solvatofluorochromism than its analog monomeric A1 due to symmetry-broken charge transfer, which is consistent with high solvent dipolarity (SdP) response in Catalán's multiparametric regression. Notably, A2 had a high sensibility and selectivity for CN- or F- in solution (LODCN-/F- = 0.18/0.70 μM), and CN- can be discriminated from F- by the reaction of A2 with 3.0 equiv. of CN-. In addition, A2 was impregnated on filter paper to prepare test strips that were applied to naked-eye qualitative sensing of CN- or F-. Finally, the octupolar system in A2 allows for better action of two-photon excitation cross-section values when compared with that of the dipolar structure in A1. These findings provide further information for the design of new efficient two-photon absorption dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Tigreros
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Los AndesCarrera 1 No. 18A-10Bogotá 111711Colombia
| | - Camilo Bedoya-Malagón
- Quantum Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universidad de Los AndesCarrera 1 No. 18A-10BogotáColombia
| | - Alejandra Valencia
- Quantum Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universidad de Los AndesCarrera 1 No. 18A-10BogotáColombia
| | - Mayerlin Núñez-Portela
- Quantum Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universidad de Los AndesCarrera 1 No. 18A-10BogotáColombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Los AndesCarrera 1 No. 18A-10Bogotá 111711Colombia
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Sciuti LF, Costa LD, Guieu S, Cocca LHZ, Iglesias BA, Mendonça CR, Tomé AC, Faustino MAF, De Boni L. Dependent excited state absorption and dynamic of β-BF 2 substituted metalloporphyrins: The metal ion effect. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119911. [PMID: 33993027 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Absorption and relaxation dynamics of electronic states of free-base, Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) porphyrins bearing a β-(2,2-difluoro-1,3,2-dioxaborinin-5-yl) group were investigated in dimethyl sulfoxide by using distinct time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, excited state absorption cross-section spectra were determined by combining white light continuum Z-Scan and transient absorption techniques. In the case of the free-base (2H) and Zn(II) porphyrins, we were able to quantify singlet-triplet conversion by analyzing the evolution of time-resolved fluorescence. Relaxation lifetimes from the excited to the ground state were observed in both porphyrins at nanosecond time scale. However, for Co(II) and Cu(II) metalloporphyrins it was observed in the picosecond time scale through femtosecond transient absorption, indicating that both compounds relax back to the ground state only by internal conversion processes. Co(II) and Cu(II) heavy atoms seem to prohibit the radiative and intersystem crossing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F Sciuti
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia D Costa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Samuel Guieu
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Leandro H Z Cocca
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernardo A Iglesias
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cleber R Mendonça
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Leonardo De Boni
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Vaz PAAM, Rocha J, Silva AMS, Guieu S. Benzimidazole-Based N,O Boron Complexes as Deep Blue Solid-State Fluorophores. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154298. [PMID: 34361489 PMCID: PMC8348718 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole-based boranils were designed and synthesized in order to assess the influence of halogen substituents on their optoelectronic properties. All compounds are photoluminescent in solution and solid state. Compared to the free ligands, the new boranils emit at a lower wavelength, by elimination of the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer observed with the ligands. In the solid state, some of the boranils exhibit a deep blue emission, presenting Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) coordinates with an x-component of less than 0.16 and a y-component smaller than 0.04, highly desired values for the development of blue emitting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia A. A. M. Vaz
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.A.A.M.V.); (A.M.S.S.)
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - João Rocha
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.A.A.M.V.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Samuel Guieu
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.A.A.M.V.); (A.M.S.S.)
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. Comprehensive review of photophysical parameters (ε, Φf, τs) of tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) – Critical benchmark molecules in photochemistry and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Castro KADF, Costa LD, Prandini JA, Biazzotto JC, Tomé AC, Hamblin MR, da Graça P M S Neves M, Faustino MAF, da Silva RS. The Photosensitizing Efficacy of Micelles Containing a Porphyrinic Photosensitizer and KI against Resistant Melanoma Cells. Chemistry 2021; 27:1990-1994. [PMID: 33185284 PMCID: PMC7921759 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative to overcome the resistance of melanoma to conventional therapies. Currently applied photosensitizers (PS) are often based on tetrapyrrolic macrocycles like porphyrins. Unfortunately, in some cases the use of this type of derivative is limited due to their poor solubility in the biological environment. Feasible approaches to surpass this drawback are based on lipid formulations. Besides that, and inspired in the efficacy of potassium iodide (KI) for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), the combined effect of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) with KI was assessed in this work, as an alternative strategy to potentiate the effect of PDT against resistant melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A D F Castro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of, Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Letícia D Costa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Juliana A Prandini
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of, Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Biazzotto
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of, Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | | | - M Amparo F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Roberto S da Silva
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of, Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Guieu S, Esteves CIC, Rocha J, Silva AMS. Multicomponent Synthesis of Luminescent Iminoboronates. Molecules 2020; 25:E6039. [PMID: 33371240 PMCID: PMC7766465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of iminoboronates was prepared through a one-pot multicomponent reaction, starting from boronic acid, anthranilic acid, and different salicylaldehydes. Their synthesis was straightforward and the complexes were obtained in good to excellent yields. Their photophysical properties were assessed in a diluted solution, and the complexes proved to be faintly luminescent. These chelates demonstrated remarkable Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement, which was rationalized using crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Guieu
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Cátia I. C. Esteves
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - João Rocha
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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Castro KADF, Brancini GTP, Costa LD, Biazzotto JC, Faustino MAF, Tomé AC, Neves MGPMS, Almeida A, Hamblin MR, da Silva RS, Braga GÚL. Efficient photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans by porphyrin and potassium iodide co-encapsulation in micelles. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1063-1071. [PMID: 32613213 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation of bacterial and fungal pathogens is a promising alternative to the extensive use of conventional single-target antibiotics and antifungal agents. The combination of photosensitizers and adjuvants can improve the photodynamic inactivation efficiency. In this regard, it has been shown that the use of potassium iodide (KI) as adjuvant increases pathogen killing. Following our interest in this topic, we performed the co-encapsulation of a neutral porphyrin photosensitizer (designated as P1) and KI into micelles and tested the obtained nanoformulations against the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. The results of this study showed that the micelles containing P1 and KI displayed a better photodynamic performance towards C. albicans than P1 and KI in solution. It is noteworthy that higher concentrations of KI within the micelles resulted in increased killing of C. albicans. Subcellular localization studies by confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed that P1 was localized in the cell cytoplasm, but not in the nuclei or mitochondria. Overall, our results show that a nanoformulation containing a photosensitizer plus an adjuvant is a promising approach for increasing the efficiency of photodynamic treatment. Actually, the use of this strategy allows a considerable decrease in the amount of both photosensitizer and adjuvant required to achieve pathogen killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A D F Castro
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme T P Brancini
- Departamento Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Facuidade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Leticia D Costa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Juliana C Biazzotto
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Graca P M S Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02114, Boston, MA, USA.,Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, 2028, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Roberto S da Silva
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto Ú L Braga
- Departamento Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Facuidade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Chaudhri N, Cong L, Grover N, Shan W, Anshul K, Sankar M, Kadish KM. Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Acetylacetone (acac) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) Appended β-Trisubstituted Push-Pull Porphyrins: Formation of Electronically Communicating Porphyrin Dimers. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:13213-13224. [PMID: 30359002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two new families of "push-pull" tetraphenylporphyrins with one acetylacetone (acac) or ethyl acetate (EA) moiety at a β-pyrrole position of the macrocycle and two Br or Ph substituents at the antipodal β-positions were synthesized and structurally, spectroscopically, and electrochemically characterized. The examined porphyrins are represented as MTPP(R)2acac and MTPP(R)2EA (where R = Br or Ph and M = H2, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn). NiTPP(Br)2acac exhibits an extremely nonplanar conformation (Δ24 = 0.44 Å, ΔCβ = 0.82 Å), while H2TPP(Br)2EA and ZnTPP(Ph)2EA exhibit a quasi-planar conformation. All of the synthesized acac-appended porphyrins show a keto-enol tautomerism in solution, which results in formation of hydrogen bonded dimers as evidenced by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. Dimers were also detected under the electrochemical conditions for the dibromo derivatives but not the diphenyl substituted porphyrins. A facile stepwise and reversible electrogeneration of the electronically communicating porphyrin dimers is observed for MTPP(Br)2acac where M = CuII, NiII, or ZnII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , India
| | - Lei Cong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
| | - Nitika Grover
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , India
| | - Wenqian Shan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
| | - Kumari Anshul
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , India
| | - Karl M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
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Vaz PAAM, Rocha J, Silva AMS, Guieu S. Aggregation-induced emission enhancement of chiral boranils. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03228a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A family of chiral boranils exhibits aggregation-induced emission enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia A. A. M. Vaz
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro
- Aveiro
- Portugal
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro
- Aveiro
| | - João Rocha
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro
- Aveiro
- Portugal
| | | | - Samuel Guieu
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro
- Aveiro
- Portugal
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro
- Aveiro
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