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Pathak A, Verma N, Tripathi S, Mishra A, Poluri KM. Nanosensor based approaches for quantitative detection of heparin. Talanta 2024; 273:125873. [PMID: 38460425 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Heparin, being a widely employed anticoagulant in numerus clinical complications, requires strict quantification and qualitative screening to ensure the safety of patients from potential threat of thrombocytopenia. However, the intricacy of heparin's chemical structures and low abundance hinders the precise monitoring of its level and quality in clinical settings. Conventional laboratory assays have limitations in sensitivity and specificity, necessitating the development of innovative approaches. In this context, nanosensors emerged as a promising solution due to enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and ability to detect heparin even at low concentrations. This review delves into a range of sensing approaches including colorimetric, fluorometric, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques using different types of nanomaterials, thus providing insights of its principles, capabilities, and limitations. Moreover, integration of smart-phone with nanosensors for point of care diagnostics has also been explored. Additionally, recent advances in nanopore technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have been discussed offering specificity against contaminants present in heparin to ensure its quality. By consolidating current knowledge and highlighting the potential of nanosensors, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of efficient, reliable, and economical heparin detection methods providing improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Pathak
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nishchay Verma
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shweta Tripathi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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Uematsu K, Ueno T, Katano H. Determination of protamine and heparin based on their effects on a glucose oxidase enzymatic reaction. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1561-1566. [PMID: 37243969 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a sensitive method for determining protamine and heparin by utilizing a glucose oxidase enzymatic reaction. Polycationic protamine significantly promoted the enzymatic reaction rate with [Fe(CN)6]3-, so that the increase could be used to determine protamine. The promotion effect was stoichiometrically decreased by the addition of polyanionic heparin through the polyion complex formation with protamine, so that the enzymatic reaction also allowed for the determination of heparin. We thus applied the proposed method to blood plasma containing heparin and found that heparin did not stoichiometrically form a polyion complex with protamine, likely due to strong interactions between heparin and some components of the plasma. The proposed method allowed for the detection of free protamine (and/or weakly binding protamine with heparin) existing in the condition that protamine did not neutralize all of the heparin in the plasma. The method also permitted for the estimation of heparin concentrations using calibration curves. Thus, the proposed method would help reduce the risks of protamine overdose in heparin neutralization and would be a helpful tool in clinical practices that use heparin and protamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Uematsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Ueno
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| | - Hajime Katano
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
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3
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Determination of polyanion utilizing a promoted glucose oxidase enzymatic reaction by ε-poly-L-lysine. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:1333-1337. [PMID: 35867308 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a sensitive determination method for polyanion using a glucose oxidase (GOx) enzymatic reaction with ferricyanide ion is described. We previously reported that the GOx enzymatic reaction was significantly promoted by a cationic polymer of ε-poly-L-lysine (εPL), and the enzymatic reaction could be utilized for the determination of εPL. Generally, polycation stoichiometrically forms polyion complex with polyanion. Thus, it is expected that the promotion effect of εPL on the enzymatic reaction is interfered by polyanion, and the enzymatic reaction is also applicable to the determination of polyanion. Predictably, the promotion effect of εPL was stoichiometrically interfered by polyanions, such as polyvinyl sulfate and polyacrylate, and the interference effect allowed for the determination of the polyanions. The detection limit of polyanion was estimated to be ~ 0.3 μeq L-1. As a preliminary application, the proposed method was applied to the determination of anionic polymer of heparin in a human plasma.
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Yim W, Takemura K, Zhou J, Zhou J, Jin Z, Borum RM, Xu M, Cheng Y, He T, Penny W, Miller BR, Jokerst JV. Enhanced Photoacoustic Detection of Heparin in Whole Blood via Melanin Nanocapsules Carrying Molecular Agents. ACS NANO 2022; 16:683-693. [PMID: 34962765 PMCID: PMC9237182 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has proved versatile for many biomedical applications from drug delivery tracking to disease diagnostics and postoperative surveillance. It recently emerged as a tool for accurate and real-time heparin monitoring to avoid bleeding complications associated with anticoagulant therapy. However, molecular-dye-based application is limited by high concentration requirements, photostability, and a strong background hemoglobin signal. We developed polydopamine nanocapsules (PNCs) via supramolecular templates and loaded them with molecular dyes for enhanced PA-mediated heparin detection. Depending on surface charge, the dye-loaded PNCs undergo disassembly or aggregation upon heparin recognition: both experiments and simulation have revealed that the increased PA signal mainly results from dye-loaded PNC-heparin aggregation. Importantly, Nile blue (NB)-loaded PNCs generated a 10-fold higher PA signal than free NB dye, and such PNC enabled the direct detection of heparin in a clinically relevant therapeutic window (0-4 U/mL) in whole human blood (R2 = 0.91). Furthermore, the PA signal of PNC@NB obtained from 17 patients linearly correlated with ACT values (R2 = 0.73) and cumulative heparin (R2 = 0.83). This PNC-based strategy for functional nanocapsules offers a versatile engineering platform for robust biomedical contrast agents and nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Takemura
- ENSCO, Inc., 4849 North Wickham Road, Melbourne, Florida 32940, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William Penny
- Division of Cardiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Bill R Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University, 100 East Normal Avenue, Kirkville, Missouri 63501, United States
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Al-mashriqi HS, Zheng H, Qi S, Zhai H. Gold nanoclusters reversible switches based on aluminum ions-triggered for detection of pyrophosphate and acid phosphatase activity. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Zhang S, Zhang C, Shao X, Guan R, Hu Y, Zhang K, Liu W, Hong M, Yue Q. Dual-emission ratio fluorescence for selective and sensitive detection of ferric ions and ascorbic acid based on one-pot synthesis of glutathione protected gold nanoclusters. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17283-17290. [PMID: 35479669 PMCID: PMC9032689 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10281d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A fluorometric method was proposed for the determination of Fe3+ and ascorbic acid (AA) based on blue and red dual fluorescence emissions of glutathione (GSH) stabilized-gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). AuNCs were synthesized from GSH and tetrachloroauric acid. The fluorescence peaks of AuNCs were at 425 nm and 585 nm, respectively. In the presence of Fe3+, the fluorescence peak at 425 nm can be enhanced and that at 585 nm can be quenched. There is a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity ratio for the 425 and 585 nm peaks (F 425/F 585) and the concentration of Fe3+ in the range of 0.75-125 μM. However, when AA was added to the AuNCs-Fe3+ system, the value of F 425/F 585 decreased consistently with the concentration of AA in the range of 0.25-35 μM. The limit of detection for Fe3+ and AA was 227 and 75.8 nM, respectively. The interaction between AuNCs and Fe3+ can induce the ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT) effect leading to the fluorescence increment at 425 nm, while AA can reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+. The production of Fe2+ can not enhance or quench the fluorescence of AuNCs. By comparison with previous literature, the AuNCs prepared here show two fluorescence peaks without additional fluorescence labels. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied in the determination of Fe3+ and AA in some real samples, such as water, human serum and tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chrmical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chrmical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University China
| | - Xiaodong Shao
- Nanobioengineering/Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University Miami FL 33174 USA
| | - Rentian Guan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chrmical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chrmical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chrmical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chrmical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University China
| | - Min Hong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chrmical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University China
| | - Qiaoli Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chrmical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University China
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7
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Colorimetric and fluorometric aggregation-based heparin assay by using gold nanoclusters and gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:790. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Fluorescence light up detection of aluminium ion and imaging in live cells based on the aggregation-induced emission enhancement of thiolated gold nanoclusters. Talanta 2019; 204:548-554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Chan CWT, Cheng HK, Hau FKW, Chan AKW, Yam VWW. Protamine-Induced Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Red-Emissive Alkynylplatinum(II) 2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2'-yl)pyridine Complex for Selective Label-Free Sensing of Heparin and Real-Time Monitoring of Trypsin Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31585-31593. [PMID: 31436404 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A label-free detection assay is developed based on the design and synthesis of a new anionic alkynylplatinum(II) 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2'-yl)pyridine complex with water-soluble pendants. With the aid of electrostatic interaction and noncovalent metal-metal and π-π stacking interactions, protamine is shown to induce supramolecular self-assembly of platinum(II) complexes with drastic UV-vis absorption and red emission changes. On the basis of the strong binding affinity of protamine and heparin, the ensemble has been further employed to probe heparin by monitoring the spectroscopic changes. Other than heparin, this ensemble can also detect the activity of trypsin, which can hydrolyze protamine into fragments, leading to the deaggregation of platinum(II) complexes. By modulation of the self-assembly properties of platinum(II) complexes via real-time UV-vis absorption and emission studies, the reported assay has been demonstrated to be a sensitive and selective detection method for trypsin, as well as trypsin inhibitor screening, which is essential for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calford Wai-Ting Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Heung-Kiu Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Franky Ka-Wah Hau
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Alan Kwun-Wa Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
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10
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Li X, Huang Q, Li W, Zhang J, Fu Y. N-Acety-L-Cysteine-Stabilized Pt Nanozyme for Colorimetric Assay of Heparin. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-019-00108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Wang J, Lin X, Shu T, Su L, Liang F, Zhang X. Self-Assembly of Metal Nanoclusters for Aggregation-Induced Emission. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1891. [PMID: 30999556 PMCID: PMC6515624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is an intriguing strategy to enhance the luminescence of metal nanoclusters (NCs). However, the morphologies of aggregated NCs are often irregular and inhomogeneous, leading to instability and poor color purity of the aggregations, which greatly limit their further potential in optical applications. Inspired by self-assembly techniques, manipulating metal NCs into well-defined architectures has achieved success. The self-assembled metal NCs often exhibit enhancing emission stability and intensity compared to the individually or randomly aggregated ones. Meanwhile, the emission color of metal NCs becomes tunable. In this review, we summarize the synthetic strategies involved in self-assembly of metal NCs for the first time. For each synthetic strategy, we describe the self-assembly mechanisms involved and the dependence of optical properties on the self-assembly. Finally, we outline the current challenges to and perspectives on the development of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiangfang Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tong Shu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Lei Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Feng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory for Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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12
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Aparna RS, Anjali Devi JS, Anjana RR, Nebu J, George S. Reversible fluorescence modulation of BSA stabilised copper nanoclusters for the selective detection of protamine and heparin. Analyst 2019; 144:1799-1808. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01703d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Depicting fluorescence sensing of protamine and heparin based on aggregation and disaggregation of copper nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Aparna
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- University of Kerala
- Kariavattom Campus
- Thiruvananthapuram-695581
| | - J. S. Anjali Devi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- University of Kerala
- Kariavattom Campus
- Thiruvananthapuram-695581
| | - R. R. Anjana
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- University of Kerala
- Kariavattom Campus
- Thiruvananthapuram-695581
| | - John Nebu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- University of Kerala
- Kariavattom Campus
- Thiruvananthapuram-695581
| | - Sony George
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- University of Kerala
- Kariavattom Campus
- Thiruvananthapuram-695581
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Kuppan B. Luminescence polarization of gold nanoclusters reveals directional self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11893-11896. [PMID: 30264078 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04681f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Study of luminescence polarization of spherical nanoclusters arising purely through a self-assembly route has not been explored to date. Here we introduce a gold nanocluster system that explicitly shows luminescence polarization solely through a self-assembly pathway. The directionality involved in the self-assembly governs the luminescence polarization of the nanoclusters. The steady-state and time-resolved emission anisotropy measurements revealed the anisotropically ordered behavior of one-dimensionally self-assembled green emitting nanoclusters. On the contrary, the randomly self-assembled yellow emitting nanoclusters exhibited insignificant luminescence anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Kuppan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India.
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Qu F, Xia W, Xia L, You J, Han W. A ratiometric detection of heparin with high sensitivity based on aggregation-enhanced emission of gold nanoclusters triggered by silicon nanoparticles. Talanta 2018; 193:37-43. [PMID: 30368295 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heparin (Hep) is a widely applied anticoagulant and the quantification of heparin concentration is pivotal for clinical use. In this work, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) modified by the amino groups and glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) are able to self-assemble into spherical particle structures via the electrostatic interaction, resulting in the aggregation-enhanced emission (AEE) of GSH-AuNCs. However, Hep, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan with much more negative charges, can bind with the SiNPs and inhibit the aggregation. As a result, it causes the AEE quenching of GSH-AuNCs at 570 nm but the SiNPs keep their own blue fluorescence at 450 nm. Thus, the SiNPs can act as an internal reference and the GSH-AuNCs are used as a signal probe in this process. The ratiometric fluorescent signal (I570/I450) change of the nanohybrid probe is positively correlated with Hep concentrations in the range from 6.44 ng/mL to 96.6 ng/mL with the detection limit of 3.29 ng/mL. As expected, this strategy shows good sensitivity and selectivity, and it is also successfully applied to detect Hep in Hep sodium injection and human serum samples with good recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenle Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Lian Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Jinmao You
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China; Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Wenli Han
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Ultrasensitive detection of heparin by exploiting the silver nanoparticle-enhanced fluorescence of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4) quantum dots. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:332. [PMID: 29926199 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A composite (Ag-g-CNQDs) was prepared from graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots and silver nanoparticles by water phase synthesis. Aided by metal-enhanced fluorescence, the composite exhibits excitation-dependent red emission with a peak at 600 nm with a quantum yield of 21%. If the composite is coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) to form the Ag-g-CNQD/PEI complexe, fluorescence is strongly reduced. Upon addition of heparin, the fluorescence of the system is enhanced because PEI has a higher affinity for heparin than Ag-g-CNQDs. The effect was used to design a fluorometric assay for heparin. The emission at 600 nm increases linearly in the 0.025 to 2.5 μM heparin concentration range, with a 8.2 nM limit of detection. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration for fabricating a composite consisting of silver nanoparticles and graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (Ag-g-CNQDs). Its red fluorescence is weak in presence of polyethyleneimine but restored on addition of heparin. This forms the basis for a new method for heparin detection.
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16
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Zhong L, Yun K. Fluorometric 'switch-on' detection of heparin based on a system composed of rhodamine-labeled chitosan oligosaccharide lactate, and graphene oxide. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 6:035011. [PMID: 29765011 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aac51c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorescence 'Switch on' for the detection of heparin based on the RhB-COL/GO system was achieved. A strong fluorescence dye, Rhodamine B, was modified by chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (COL), which plays a major role in the formation of a positively charged RhB-COL complex. RhB-COL was soluble and stable in solution, which was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. GO sheets quenched the fluorescence intensity of RhB-COL due to electron transfer from RhB to the GO surface. The decrease in fluorescence intensity of RhB-COL with increasing GO concentration was recorded using a Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer. On the other hand, the addition of heparin replaced GO to bind with the RhB-COL surface via an electrostatic and noncovalent bond due to the abundant negative charge, which resulted in recovery of the fluorescence intensity. This RhB-COL/GO system possessed high selectivity and good sensitivity for the detection of heparin compared to other biomolecules, such as glycine, D-glucose, hyaluronic acid, L-glutamic acid, and ascorbic acid. The linear response toward heparin was measured over the range, 0-1.8 U · ml-1, with a low detection limit of 0.04 U · ml-1. The satisfactory sensing performance of RhB-COL/GO for heparin supports new 'switch-on' sensor applications in heparin-related biomedical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhong
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
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17
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18
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Yang S, Gao T, Dong J, Xu H, Gao F, Chen Q, Gu Y, Zeng W. A novel water-soluble AIE-based fluorescence probe with red emission for the sensitive detection of heparin in aqueous solution and human serum samples. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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Wang Y, Hu L, Li L, Zhu JJ. Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters: Promising Fluorescent Probes for Sensors and Bioimaging. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-017-0015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Zheng Y, Lai L, Liu W, Jiang H, Wang X. Recent advances in biomedical applications of fluorescent gold nanoclusters. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 242:1-16. [PMID: 28223074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are emerging as novel fluorescent materials and have attracted more and more attention in the field of biolabeling, biosensing, bioimaging and targeted cancer treatment because of their unusual physicochemical properties, such as long fluorescence lifetime, ultrasmall size, large Stokes shift, strong photoluminescence, as well as excellent biocompatibility and photostability. Recently, significant efforts have been committed to the preparation, functionalization and biomedical application studies of fluorescent AuNCs. In this review, we have summarized the strategies for preparation and surface functionalization of fluorescent AuNCs in the past several years, and highlighted recent advances in the biomedical applications of the relevant fluorescent AuNCs. Based on these observations, we also give a discussion on the current problems and future developments of the fluorescent AuNCs for biomedical applications.
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Qu F, Liu Y, Lao H, Wang Y, You J. Colorimetric detection of heparin with high sensitivity based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles induced by polymer nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02381b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The negatively charged heparin hinders the aggregation of Au nanoparticles induced by the cationic polymer nanodots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
| | - Yanqun Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
| | - Haili Lao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
- Binzhou Central Hospital
- Binzhou Medical College
- Binzhou 256600
- China
| | - Yaping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
| | - Jinmao You
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
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