1
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Lin L, Chiu WH, Cao ML, Lee KM, Yu WL, Liu CY. New Molecular Design, Step-Saving Synthesis, and Applications of Indolocarbazole Core-Based Oligo(hetero)arenes. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300681. [PMID: 37694942 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have successfully synthesized 15 new examples (LLA01-06; LinLi01-10) of small-molecule hole-transporting materials (HTM) using the less explored indolocarbazole (ICbz) as core moiety. Different from previously reported ICbz HTMs, LinLi01-10 exhibit new molecular designs in which 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) units are inserted as crucial π-spacers and fluorine atoms are introdcued into end-group molecules. These substantially improve the materials solubility and device power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) while fabricated in perovskite solar cells (PSC). More importantly, LinLi01-10 are generated by a sustainable synthetic approach involving the use of straightforward C-H/C-Br couplings as key transformations, thus avoiding additional synthetic transformations including halogenation and borylation reactions called substrate prefunctionalizations usually required in Suzuki reactions. Most HTM molecules can be purified simply by reprecipitations instead of conducting column chromatography. In contrast to LLA01-06 without additional EDOT moieties, PSC devices using LinLi01-10 as hole-transport layers display promising PCEs of up to 17.5 %. Interestingly, PSC devices employing seven of the LinLi01-10 as hole-transport molecules, respectively, are all able to show an immediate >10 % PCE (t=0) without any device oxidation/aging process that is necessary for the commercial spiro-OMeTAD based PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 320, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hao Chiu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering & Center for Green Technology & Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung University & Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan District and Linkou, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Cao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 320, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Mu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering & Center for Green Technology & Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung University & Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan District and Linkou, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
- College of Environment and Resources, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 320, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 320, Taiwan
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2
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Górski K, Mech-Piskorz J, Pietraszkiewicz M. From truxenes to heterotruxenes: playing with heteroatoms and the symmetry of molecules. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00816e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the modification of truxene, we can change the electronic structure or create multidimensional materials. Thus, the use of truxenes is very wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Justyna Mech-Piskorz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
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3
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Harvey PD, Sharma GD, Witulski B. Indolo- and Diindolocarbazoles in Organic Photovoltaic Cells. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D. Harvey
- Departement de chimie, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics, LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli 302017 Jaipur, India
| | - Bernhard Witulski
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moleculaire et Thio-organique, CNRS UMR 6507, ENSICAEN & UNICaen, Universite de Normandie, 6 Bvd Marechal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
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4
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Mehboob MY, Hussain R, Irshad Z, Adnan M. Enhancement in the Photovoltaic Properties of Hole Transport Materials by End‐Capped Donor Modifications for Solar Cell Applications. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry University of Okara Okara 56300 Pakistan
| | - Zobia Irshad
- Graduate School, Department of Chemistry Chosun University Gwangju 501‐759 Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Graduate School, Department of Chemistry Chosun University Gwangju 501‐759 Republic of Korea
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5
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Górski K, Mech-Piskorz J, Leśniewska B, Pietraszkiewicz O, Pietraszkiewicz M. Toward Soluble 5,10-Diheterotruxenes: Synthesis and Reactivity of 5,10-Dioxatruxenes, 5,10-Dithiatruxenes, and 5,10-Diazatruxenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4672-4681. [PMID: 32180404 PMCID: PMC7590964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The following work
presents three general approaches allowing,
for the first time, the synthesis of 5,10-diheterotruxene derivatives
containing two identical heteroatoms, namely, oxygen OOC, nitrogen NNC, or sulfur SSC. Two of described
pathways involve the photocyclization of the corresponding triene 2 as a key step leading to a heptacyclic aromatic system.
The third approach is based on the acidic condensation between ninhydrin 14 and benzo[b]heteroole 15.
Typical functionalizations of the 5,10-diheterotruxene core have also
been presented. In addition, the article discusses the advantages
and limitations of the three suggested paths for receiving specific
5,10-diheterotruxene derivatives because the universal method suitable
for obtaining molecules with any type of heteroatoms is not known
so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Mech-Piskorz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Leśniewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oksana Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Zhou Z, Li M, Liu G, Xu G, Xue J. Ultra‐small sugar‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene‐protected palladium nanoparticles and catalytic activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggao Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Guangsheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Guohai Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Jun Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 China
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Yellow-to-blue switching of indole[3,2-b]carbazole-based electrochromic polymers and the corresponding electrochromic devices with outstanding photopic contrast, fast switching speed, and satisfactory cycling stability. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chen YC, Huang SK, Li SS, Tsai YY, Chen CP, Chen CW, Chang YJ. Facilely Synthesized spiro[fluorene-9,9'-phenanthren-10'-one] in Donor-Acceptor-Donor Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3225-3233. [PMID: 29981207 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated two novel donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) hole-transport material (HTM) with spiro[fluorene-9,9'-phenanthren-10'-one] as the core structure, which can be synthesized through a low-cost process in high yield. Compared to the incorporation of the conventional HTM of commonly used 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), the synthesis process is greatly simplified for the presented D-A-D materials, including a minimum number of purification processes. This results in an increased production yield (>55 %) and suppressed production cost (<30 $ g-1 ), in addition to high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The PCE of a PSC using our D-A-D HTM reaches 16.06 %, similar to that of Spiro-OMeTAD (16.08 %), which is attributed to comparable hole mobility and charge-transfer efficiency. D-A-D HTMs also provide better moisture resistivity to prolong the lifetime of PSCs under ambient conditions relative to their Spiro-OMeTAD counterparts. The proposed new type of D-A-D HTM has shown promising performance as an alternative HTM for PSCs and can be synthesized with high production throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec.4 (Taiwan) Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ku Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National (Taiwan) University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Sian Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yu Tsai
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist. New, Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist. New, Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National (Taiwan) University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Jay Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec.4 (Taiwan) Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
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Janosik T, Rannug A, Rannug U, Wahlström N, Slätt J, Bergman J. Chemistry and Properties of Indolocarbazoles. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9058-9128. [PMID: 30191712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The indolocarbazoles are an important class of nitrogen heterocycles which has evolved significantly in recent years, with numerous studies focusing on their diverse biological effects, or targeting new materials with potential applications in organic electronics. This review aims at providing a broad survey of the chemistry and properties of indolocarbazoles from an interdisciplinary point of view, with particular emphasis on practical synthetic aspects, as well as certain topics which have not been previously accounted for in detail, such as the occurrence, formation, biological activities, and metabolism of indolo[3,2- b]carbazoles. The literature of the past decade forms the basis of the text, which is further supplemented with older key references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janosik
- Research Institutes of Sweden , Bioscience and Materials, RISE Surface, Process and Formulation , SE-151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
| | - Agneta Rannug
- Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ulf Rannug
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Johnny Slätt
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jan Bergman
- Karolinska Institutet , Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , SE-141 83 Huddinge , Sweden
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Reig M, Bagdziunas G, Ramanavicius A, Puigdollers J, Velasco D. Interface engineering and solid-state organization for triindole-based p-type organic thin-film transistors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17889-17898. [PMID: 29926056 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02963f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Role of the solid-state organization of the semiconductor and of its interface with the dielectric on the OTFT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reig
- Grup de Materials Orgànics
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB)
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
| | - Gintautas Bagdziunas
- Department of Material Science and Electrical Engineering
- State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology
- Vilnius
- Lithuania
- Department of Physical Chemistry
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Material Science and Electrical Engineering
- State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology
- Vilnius
- Lithuania
- Department of Physical Chemistry
| | - Joaquim Puigdollers
- Dept. Enginyeria Electrònica
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Dolores Velasco
- Grup de Materials Orgànics
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB)
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
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11
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Irgashev RA, Kazin NA, Rusinov GL, Charushin VN. Nitration of 5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2- b]carbazoles and synthetic applications of their nitro-substituted derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1396-1406. [PMID: 28781705 PMCID: PMC5530725 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new general approach to double nitration of 6,12-di(hetero)aryl-substituted and 6,12-unsubstituted 5,11-dialkyl-5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazoles by acetyl nitrate has been developed to obtain their 2,8-dinitro and 6,12-dinitro derivatives, respectively. A formation of mono-nitro derivatives (at C-2 or C-6) from the same indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles has also been observed in several cases. Reduction of 2-nitro and 2,8-dinitro derivatives with zinc powder and hydrochloric acid has afforded 2-amino- and 2,8-diamino-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles, while reduction of 6,12-dinitro derivatives under similar reaction conditions has been accompanied by denitrohydrogenation of the latter compounds into 6,12-unsubstituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles. Formylation of 6,12-dinitro derivatives has proved to occur only at C-2, while bromination of these compounds has taken place at both C-2 and C-8 of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole scaffold. Moreover, 6,12-dinitro-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles have been modified by the reactions with S- and N-nucleophiles. Notably, the treatment of 6,12-dinitro compounds with potassium thiolates has resulted in the displacement of both nitro groups, unlike potassium salts of indole or carbazole, which have caused substitution of only one nitro group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Irgashev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia.,Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Nikita A Kazin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Gennady L Rusinov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia.,Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Valery N Charushin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia.,Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
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12
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Liu X, Kong F, Cheng T, Chen W, Tan Z, Yu T, Guo F, Chen J, Yao J, Dai S. Tetraphenylmethane-Arylamine Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:968-975. [PMID: 27976519 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new class of hole-transporting materials (HTM) containing tetraphenylmethane (TPM) core have been developed. After thermal, charge carrier mobility, and contact angle tests, it was found that TPA-TPM (TPA: arylamine derivates side group) showed higher glass-transition temperature and larger water-contact angle than spiro-OMeTAD with comparable hole mobility. Photoluminescence and impedance spectroscopy studies indicate that TPA-TPM's hole-extraction ability is comparable to that of spiro-OMeTAD. SEM and AFM results suggest that TPA-TPM has a smooth surface. When TPA-TPM is used in mesoscopic perovskite solar cells, power conversion efficiency comparable to that of spiro-OMeTAD is achieved. Notably, the perovskite solar cells employing TPA-TPM show better long-term stability than that of spiro-OMeTAD. Moreover, TPA-TPM can be prepared from relatively inexpensive raw materials with a facile synthetic route. The results demonstrate that TPM-arylamines are a new class of HTMs for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-film Solar Cells, Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Fantai Kong
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-film Solar Cells, Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, P.R. China
| | - Tai Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - Wangchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-film Solar Cells, Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-film Solar Cells, Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Fuling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-film Solar Cells, Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-film Solar Cells, Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, P.R. China
| | - Jianxi Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - Songyuan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-film Solar Cells, Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
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Negru OI, Solonaru AM, Grigoras M. Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole-based poly(arylene vinylene)s. The influence of substitution position on spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oana Iuliana Negru
- ‘P. Poni’ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Electroactive Polymers Department; 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley Iasi 700487 Romania
| | - Ana Maria Solonaru
- ‘P. Poni’ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Electroactive Polymers Department; 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley Iasi 700487 Romania
| | - Mircea Grigoras
- ‘P. Poni’ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Electroactive Polymers Department; 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley Iasi 700487 Romania
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14
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Irgashev RA, Kazin NA, Kim GA, Rusinov GL, Charushin VN. A new synthetic approach to fused nine-ring systems of the indolo[3,2-b]carbazole family through double Pd-catalyzed intramolecular C–H arylation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11796a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new fused 5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole derivatives, having nine-ring ladder-type structure, has been synthesized by regioselective Pd-catalyzed cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Irgashev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Ural Division
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Ekaterinburg 620990
- Russia
| | - Nikita A. Kazin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Ural Division
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Ekaterinburg 620990
- Russia
| | - Grigory A. Kim
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Ural Division
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Ekaterinburg 620990
- Russia
| | - Gennady L. Rusinov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Ural Division
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Ekaterinburg 620990
- Russia
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Ural Division
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Ekaterinburg 620990
- Russia
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