1
|
Hu S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Tong R. Dielectrophoretic separation and purification: From colloid and biological particles to droplets. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1731:465155. [PMID: 39032216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
It is indispensable to realize the high level of purification and separation, so that objective particles, such as malignant cells, harmful bacteria, and special proteins or biological molecules, could satisfy the high precise measurement in the pharmaceutical analysis, clinical diagnosis, targeted therapy, and food defense. In addition, this could reveal the intrinsic nature and evolution mechanisms of individual biological variations. Consequently, many techniques related to optical tweezers, microfluidics, acoustophoresis, and electrokinetics can be broadly used to achieve micro- and nano-scale particle separations. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been used for various manipulation, concentration, transport, and separation processes of biological particles owing to its early development, mature theory, low cost, and high throughput. Although numerous reviews have discussed the biological applications of DEP techniques, comprehensive descriptions of micro- and nano-scale particle separations feature less frequently in the literature. Therefore, this review summarizes the current state of particle separation attention to relevant technological developments and innovation, including theoretical simulation, microchannel structure, electrode material, pattern and its layout. Moreover, a brief overview of separation applications using DEP in combination with other technologies is also provided. Finally, conclusions, future guidelines, and suggestions for potential promotion are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Yangcheng Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Ruijie Tong
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao K, Yao J, Wei Y, Kong D, Wang J. Numerical studies of manipulation and separation of microparticles in ODEP-based microfluidic chips. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38419136 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A novel optical-induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) method employing a pressure-driven flow for the continuous separation of microparticles is presented in this study. By applying alternate current electric field on conductive indium tin oxide substrate and projecting the light geometry into the photoconductive layer, an inhomogeneous electric field is locally induced. The particles experience the dielectrophoretic force when passing through the lighting area, where the strongest electrical field gradient exists. By optimizing the structure of the lighting pattern, a stronger nonuniform electric field gradient is generated which predicts the separation of 1 and 3 µm polystyrene particles. Moreover, the effects of key parameters, including the light pattern geometry, applied voltage, and flow rate, were investigated in this study, leading to the successful sorting of 700 nm and 1 µm particles. To further examine the separation sensitivity and practicability of the proposed ODEP microfluidic method, the isolation of two different types of circulating tumor cells from T-cells and red blood cells are demonstrated, providing a novel method for the manipulation and separation of microparticles and nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Junzhu Yao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yunman Wei
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Dejian Kong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao K, Zhao X, Gao T, Li X, Wang G, Pan X, Wang J. Dielectrophoresis-assisted removal of Cd and Cu heavy metal ions by using Chlorella microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122110. [PMID: 37390915 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel dielectrophoresis (DEP)-assisted device for the bioremediation of heavy metal ions by using Chlorella microalgae is presented in this paper. To generate the DEP forces, pairs of electrode mesh were inserted in the DEP-assisted device. By applying DC electric field via the electrodes, the inhomogeneous electric field gradient is induced and the strongest non-uniform electric field exists near the mesh cross-corner. After the adsorption of Cd and Cu heavy metal ions by Chlorella, the Chlorella chain were trapped along the vicinity of the electrode mesh. Then, the effects of Chlorella concentration on the adsorption of heavy metal ions, and the applied voltage and electrode mesh size on the removal of Chlorella are conducted. In the co-existing Cd and Cu solutions, the individual adsorption ratio of Cd and Cu reaches as high as approximately 96% and 98%, respectively, showing excellent bioremediation capability of multiple heavy metal ions in wastewater. By adjusting the applied electric voltage and the mesh size, the Chlorella adsorbed with Cd and Cu are captured by negative DC-DEP effects and the removal ratio of Chlorella reach an average of 97%, providing a method for the removal of multiple heavy metal ions in wastewater by using Chlorella microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Xun Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Tianbo Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Guanqi Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Xinxiang Pan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Maritime, Guangdong Ocean University, 524000, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao K, Wei Y, Zhao P, Kong D, Gao T, Pan X, Wang J. Tunable magnetophoretic method for distinguishing and separating wear debris particles in an Fe-PDMS-based microfluidic chip. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1210-1219. [PMID: 37075199 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Wear debris analysis provides an early warning of mechanical transmission system aging and wear fault diagnosis, which has been widely used in machine health monitoring. The ability to detect and distinguish the ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic debris in oil is becoming an effective way to assess the health status of machinery. In this work, an Fe-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based magnetophoretic method for the continuous separation of ferromagnetic iron particles by diameter and the isolation of ferromagnetic particles and nonmagnetic particles with similar diameter by type is developed. The particles experience magnetophoretic effects when passing through the vicinity of the Fe-PDMS where the strongest gradient of the magnetic fields exists. By choosing a relatively short distance between the magnet and the sidewall of the horizontal main channel and the length of Fe-PDMS with controlled particles flow rate, the diameter-dependent separation of ferromagnetic iron particles, that is, smaller than 7 µm, in the range of 8-12 µm, and larger than 14 µm, and the isolation of ferromagnetic iron particles and nonmagnetic aluminum particles based on opposite magnetophoretic behaviors by types are demonstrated, providing a potential method for the detection of wear debris particles with a high sensitivity and resolution and the diagnostic of mechanical system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yunman Wei
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Penglu Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Dejian Kong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Tianbo Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xinxiang Pan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Maritime, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hewlin RL, Edwards M. Continuous Flow Separation of Red Blood Cells and Platelets in a Y-Microfluidic Channel Device with Saw-Tooth Profile Electrodes via Low Voltage Dielectrophoresis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3048-3067. [PMID: 37185724 PMCID: PMC10136998 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell counting and sorting is a vital step in the purification process within the area of biomedical research. It has been widely reported and accepted that the use of hydrodynamic focusing in conjunction with the application of a dielectrophoretic (DEP) force allows efficient separation of biological entities such as platelets from red blood cell (RBC) samples due to their size difference. This paper presents computational results of a multiphysics simulation modelling study on evaluating continuous separation of RBCs and platelets in a microfluidic device design with saw-tooth profile electrodes via DEP. The theoretical cell particle trajectory, particle cell counting, and particle separation distance study results reported in this work were predicted using COMSOL v6.0 Multiphysics simulation software. To validate the numerical model used in this work for the reported device design, we first developed a simple y-channel microfluidic device with square “in fluid” electrodes similar to the design reported previously in other works. We then compared the obtained simulation results for the simple y-channel device with the square in fluid electrodes to the reported experimental work done on this simple design which resulted in 98% agreement. The design reported in this work is an improvement over existing designs in that it can perform rapid separation of RBCs (estimated 99% purification) and platelets in a total time of 6–7 s at a minimum voltage setting of 1 V and at a minimum frequency of 1 Hz. The threshold for efficient separation of cells ends at 1000 kHz for a 1 V setting. The saw-tooth electrode profile appears to be an improvement over existing designs in that the sharp corners reduced the required horizontal distance needed for separation to occur and contributed to a non-uniform DEP electric field. The results of this simulation study further suggest that this DEP separation technique may potentially be applied to improve the efficiency of separation processes of biological sample scenarios and simultaneously increase the accuracy of diagnostic processes via cell counting and sorting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodward L. Hewlin
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science (CBES), Department of Engineering Technology and Construction Management (ETCM), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Applied Energy and Electromechanical Systems (AEES), Department of Engineering Technology and Construction Management (ETCM), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Maegan Edwards
- Applied Energy and Electromechanical Systems (AEES), Department of Engineering Technology and Construction Management (ETCM), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao K, Hu M, van Baalen C, Alvarez L, Isa L. Sorting of heterogeneous colloids by AC-dielectrophoretic forces in a microfluidic chip with asymmetric orifices. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:921-929. [PMID: 36571855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The synthesis of compositionally heterogeneous particles is central to the development of complex colloidal units for self-assembly and self-propulsion. Yet, as the complexity of particles grows, synthesis becomes more prone to "errors". We hypothesize that alternating-current dielectrophoretic forces can efficiently sort Janus particles, as a function of patch size and material, and colloidal dumbbells by size. EXPERIMENTS We prepared Janus particles with different patch size and material by physical vapor deposition and colloidal dumbbells via capillarity-assisted particle assembly. We then performed sorting experiments in a microfluidic chip comprising electrodes with asymmetric orifices, specifically exploiting the dielectric contrast between different portions of the particles or their size difference to steer them towards different outlets. FINDINGS We calculated that the DEP force for Janus particles may switch from positive to negative as a function of composition at a critical AC frequency, thus enabling sorting different particles crossing the electrodes' region. The predictions are confirmed by optical microscopy experiments. We also show that intact and "broken" dumbbells can be simply separated as they experience different DEP forces. The integration of multiple asymmetric orifices leads a larger zone with high field gradient to increase separation efficiency and makes it a promising tool to select precise particle populations, isolating fractions with narrowly distributed characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Minghan Hu
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolina van Baalen
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao T, Zhao K, Zhang J, Zhang K. DC-Dielectrophoretic Manipulation and Isolation of Microplastic Particle-Treated Microalgae Cells in Asymmetric-Orifice-Based Microfluidic Chip. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:229. [PMID: 36677290 PMCID: PMC9865771 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel direct-current dielectrophoretic (DC-DEP) method is proposed for the manipulation and isolation of microplastic particle (MP)-treated microalgae cells according to their dielectric properties in a microfluidic chip. The lateral migration and trajectory of the microalgae cells were investigated. To induce stronger DC-DEP effects, a non-homogeneous electric-field gradient was generated by applying the DC electric voltages through triple pairs of asymmetric orifices with three small orifices and one large orifice located on the opposite microchannel wall across the whole channel, leading to the enhanced magnitude of the non-uniform electric-field gradient and effective dielectrophoretic area. The effects of the applied voltage, the polystyrene (PS) adsorption coverage, and thickness on the DC-DEP behaviors and migration were numerically investigated, and it was found that the effect of the PS adsorption thickness of the Chlorella cells on the DC-DEP behaviors can be neglected, but the effect on their trajectory shifts cannot. In this way, the separation of 3 µm and 6 µm Chlorella coated with 100% PS particles and the isolation of the Chlorella cells from those coated with various coverages and thicknesses of PS particles was successfully achieved, providing a promising method for the isolation of microalgae cells and the removal of undesired cells from a target suspension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianbo Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Kaihuan Zhang
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao K, Zhao P, Dong J, Wei Y, Chen B, Wang Y, Pan X, Wang J. Implementation of an Integrated Dielectrophoretic and Magnetophoretic Microfluidic Chip for CTC Isolation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090757. [PMID: 36140142 PMCID: PMC9496341 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from a majority of various cell pools has been an appealing topic for diagnostic purposes. This study numerically demonstrates the isolation of CTCs from blood cells by the combination of dielectrophoresis and magnetophoresis in a microfluidic chip. Taking advantage of the label-free property, the separation of red blood cells, platelets, T cells, HT-29, and MDA-231 was conducted in the microchannel. By using the ferromagnet structure with double segments and a relatively shorter distance in between, a strong gradient of the magnetic field, i.e., sufficiently large MAP forces acting on the cells, can be generated, leading to a high separation resolution. In order to generate strong DEP forces, the non-uniform electric field gradient is induced by applying the electric voltage through the microchannel across a pair of asymmetric orifices, i.e., a small orifice and a large orifice on the opposite wall of the channel sides. The distribution of the gradient of the magnetic field near the edge of ferromagnet segments, the gradient of the non-uniform electric field in the vicinity of the asymmetric orifices, and the flow field were investigated. In this numerical simulation, the effects of the ferromagnet structure on the magnetic field, the flow rate, as well as the strength of the electric field on their combined magnetophoretic and dielectrophoretic behaviors and trajectories are systemically studied. The simulation results demonstrate the potential of both property- and size-based cell isolation in the microfluidic device by implementing magnetophoresis and dielectrophoresis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Penglu Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Jianhong Dong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yunman Wei
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yanjuan Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- Software Institute, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
| | - Xinxiang Pan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- Department of Maritime, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nanogap Electrode-Enabled Versatile Electrokinetic Manipulation of Nanometric Species in Fluids. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070451. [PMID: 35884255 PMCID: PMC9313323 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive manipulation of nanoscopic species in liquids has attracted considerable attention due to its potential applications in diverse fields. Many sophisticated methodologies have been developed to control and study nanoscopic entities, but the low-power, cost-effective, and versatile manipulation of nanometer-sized objects in liquids remains challenging. Here, we present a dielectrophoretic (DEP) manipulation technique based on nanogap electrodes, with which the on-demand capturing, enriching, and sorting of nano-objects in microfluidic systems can be achieved. The dielectrophoretic control unit consists of a pair of swelling-induced nanogap electrodes crossing a microchannel, generating a steep electric field gradient and thus strong DEP force for the effective manipulation of nano-objects microfluidics. The trapping, enriching, and sorting of nanoparticles and DNAs were performed with this device to demonstrate its potential applications in micro/nanofluidics, which opens an alternative avenue for the non-invasive manipulation and characterization of nanoparticles such as DNA, proteins, and viruses.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dimaki M, Olsen MH, Rozlosnik N, Svendsen WE. Sub–100 nm Nanoparticle Upconcentration in Flow by Dielectrophoretic Forces. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060866. [PMID: 35744480 PMCID: PMC9230564 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel microfluidic chip for upconcentration of sub–100 nm nanoparticles in a flow using electrical forces generated by a DC or AC field. Two electrode designs were optimized using COMSOL Multiphysics and tested using particles with sizes as low as 47 nm. We show how inclined electrodes with a zig-zag three-tooth configuration in a channel of 20 µm width are the ones generating the highest gradient and therefore the largest force. The design, based on AC dielectrophoresis, was shown to upconcentrate sub–100 nm particles by a factor of 11 using a flow rate of 2–25 µL/h. We present theoretical and experimental results and discuss how the chip design can easily be massively parallelized in order to increase throughput by a factor of at least 1250.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dimaki
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Bldg 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mark Holm Olsen
- Center for Plastics and Packaging Technology, Teknologisk Institut, Gregersensvej 1, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark;
| | | | - Winnie E. Svendsen
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Bldg 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao K, Wei Y, Dong J, Zhao P, Wang Y, Pan X, Wang J. Separation and characterization of microplastic and nanoplastic particles in marine environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 297:118773. [PMID: 34974085 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (<5 mm) are divided into primary and secondary microplastics, which are further degraded into nanoplastics. The microplastic particles are widely distributed in marine environment, terrestrial ecosystem and biological organism, leading to damages to whole environmental system. Microplastics are not only difficult to degrade, but also able to adsorb pollutants. Due to the tiny size and various properties, the separation and characterization of microplastic particles has become more and more challenging. This review introduces the sources and destinations of the microplastic particles and summarizes the general methods for the sorting and characterization of microplastics, especially the manipulation of microplastic particles on microfluidic chip, showing possibility to deal with smaller nanoplastic particles over traditional methods. This review focuses on studies of the size-based separation and property-dependent characterization of microplastics in marine environment by utilizing the microfluidic chip device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Yunman Wei
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Jianhong Dong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Penglu Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Yuezhu Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Xinxiang Pan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China; Department of Maritime, Guangdong Ocean University, 524000, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li D, Yu W, Zhou T, Li M, Song Y, Li D. Conductivity-difference-enhanced DC dielectrophoretic particle separation in a microfluidic chip. Analyst 2022; 147:1106-1116. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02196f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conductivity-difference-enhanced DC dielectrophoretic particle separation in a microfluidic chip. Two immiscible electrolyte solutions with different conductivities in microchannels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Li
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Weicheng Yu
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Hai Kou, 570228, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Yongxin Song
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nanomaterials meet microfluidics: Improved analytical methods and high-throughput synthetic approaches. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Song Y, Han X, Li D, Liu Q, Li D. Simultaneous and continuous particle separation and counting via localized DC-dielectrophoresis in a microfluidic chip. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3827-3833. [PMID: 35424334 PMCID: PMC8694361 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10296b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel microfluidic method of counting the number of particles while they are separated by a localized DC-dielectrophoresis force was presented. Liquid flow from a wide microchannel forces the to-be-detected particles to pass over a small orifice on a side wall of the sample input channel. A direct current (DC) voltage applied across the small orifice and a strong electric field gradient is generated at the corners of the orifice for dielectrophoretic particle separation. Particle counting is achieved by detecting the electric current change caused by the being-separated particle near the sensing orifice. In this way, particles can be separate and in situ counted at the same time. Numerical simulations show that particle separation is achieved at the edge of the sensing orifice where the strength of the electric field gradient is the largest. Separation and counting of polystyrene particles of two and three different sizes with 1 μm resolution were demonstrated experimentally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Song
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University Dalian 116026 China
| | - Xiaoshi Han
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University Dalian 116026 China
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University Dalian 116026 China
| | - Qinxin Liu
- The 601st Institute the 6th Academy, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Limited Hohhot 010076 China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xie Y, Rufo J, Zhong R, Rich J, Li P, Leong KW, Huang TJ. Microfluidic Isolation and Enrichment of Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16220-16240. [PMID: 33252215 PMCID: PMC8164652 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, nanoparticles have increased in implementation to a variety of applications ranging from high-efficiency electronics to targeted drug delivery. Recently, microfluidic techniques have become an important tool to isolate and enrich populations of nanoparticles with uniform properties (e.g., size, shape, charge) due to their precision, versatility, and scalability. However, due to the large number of microfluidic techniques available, it can be challenging to identify the most suitable approach for isolating or enriching a nanoparticle of interest. In this review article, we survey microfluidic methods for nanoparticle isolation and enrichment based on their underlying mechanisms, including acoustofluidics, dielectrophoresis, filtration, deterministic lateral displacement, inertial microfluidics, optofluidics, electrophoresis, and affinity-based methods. We discuss the principles, applications, advantages, and limitations of each method. We also provide comparisons with bulk methods, perspectives for future developments and commercialization, and next-generation applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tian C, Xu X, Wang Y, Li D, Lu H, Yang Z. Development and Clinical Prospects of Techniques to Separate Circulating Tumor Cells from Peripheral Blood. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7263-7275. [PMID: 32884342 PMCID: PMC7434565 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s248380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is an important liquid biopsy technique that has advanced considerably in recent years. To further advance the development of technology for curing cancer, several CTC technologies have been proposed by various research groups. Despite their potential role in early cancer diagnosis and prognosis, CTC methods are currently used for research purposes only, and very few methods have been accepted for clinical applications because of difficulties, including CTC heterogeneity, CTC separation from the blood, and a lack of thorough clinical validation. Although current CTC technologies have not been truly implemented, they possess high potential as future clinical diagnostic techniques for individualized cancer. Here, we review current developments in CTC separation technology. We also explore new CTC detection methods based on telomerase and nanomaterials, such as in vivo flow cytometry. In addition, we discuss the difficulties that must be overcome before CTC can be applied in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tian
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Xu
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuke Wang
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dailong Li
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang K, Ren Y, Hou L, Jiang T, Jiang H. Flexible Particle Focusing and Switching in Continuous Flow via Controllable Thermal Buoyancy Convection. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2778-2786. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
18
|
Ha D, Seo S, Lee K, Kim T. Dynamic Transport Control of Colloidal Particles by Repeatable Active Switching of Solute Gradients. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12939-12948. [PMID: 31600045 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Diffusiophoresis (DP) is described as typically being divided into chemiphoresis (CP) and electrophoresis (EP), and the related theory is well-established. However, not only the individual effect of CP and EP but also the size dependency on the resulting DP of colloidal particles has not yet been comprehensively demonstrated in an experimental manner. In this paper, we present a dynamic transport control mechanism for colloidal particles by developing a micro-/nanofluidic DP platform (MNDP). We demonstrate that the MNDP can generate transient and/or steady-state concentration gradients, making it possible to control the direction and rate of transport of colloidal particles through the individual manipulation of CP and EP by simply and rapidly switching solutions. In addition, the MNDP allows the size-dependent separation as well as fractionation of submicron particles through the individual manipulation of CP and EP, thus empirically validating the classic theoretical model for DP under the influence of electrical double layer (EDL) thickness. Furthermore, we provide theoretical analysis and simulation results that will enable the development of a versatile separation and/or fractionation technique for various colloidal particles, including biosamples, according to their size or electrical feature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dogyeong Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjin Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao K, Larasati, Duncker BP, Li D. Continuous Cell Characterization and Separation by Microfluidic Alternating Current Dielectrophoresis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6304-6314. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Larasati
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Bernard P. Duncker
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen X, Ren Y, Hou L, Feng X, Jiang T, Jiang H. Microparticle separation using asymmetrical induced-charge electro-osmotic vortices on an arc-edge-based floating electrode. Analyst 2019; 144:5150-5163. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01230c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a device for particle separation by designing an arc-edge-based floating electrode to alternately actuate opposite-direction asymmetrical induced-charge electro-osmotic vortices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- PR China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System
| | - Likai Hou
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- PR China
| | - Xiangsong Feng
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- PR China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- PR China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao K, Li D. Tunable Droplet Manipulation and Characterization by ac-DEP. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36572-36581. [PMID: 30264985 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel ac-dielectrophoretic (DEP) device for tunable manipulation and characterization of particles and droplets is presented in this work. To induce DEP forces, the ac electric field is applied via two embedded microelectrodes to generate a local nonuniform electric field perpendicular to the channel length through a pair of asymmetric orifices on the opposite microchannel walls. The droplets experience the DEP effects only when passing through the vicinity of the small orifice, where the strongest gradient of the nonuniform electric field exists. In this study, the ac-DEP manipulation of the particles in the microchannel under different strengths of electrical field was demonstrated first. Then, the separation of particles by size, separation of mixtures of ionic liquid (IL) droplets and oil droplets with the same size by types, and movement of the particles and IL droplets with different frequencies of the applied ac electric field were investigated, respectively. The experimental results match well with the theoretical simulation. In addition, the lateral migration of an IL droplet as a function of the ac frequency was measured, which shows a trend similar to the corresponding Clausius-Mossotti factor. The experimental results demonstrate that with this method, the separation of target particles/droplets with specific size and type can be accomplished by simply adjusting the strength and the frequency of the ac field applied to the microchannels. This paper, for the first time, measured the ac-DEP lateral migration of the particles and IL-in-water emulsion droplets varying with the frequency of the applied ac electric field in the microfluidic chip, providing a method to identify the critical frequency of the droplet and the fingerprint to characterize the droplet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu L, Chen K, Xiang N, Ni Z. Dielectrophoretic manipulation of nanomaterials: A review. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:873-889. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments; Southeast University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments; Southeast University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments; Southeast University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments; Southeast University; Nanjing P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao K, Li D. Direct current dielectrophoretic manipulation of the ionic liquid droplets in water. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1558:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
24
|
Manipulation and separation of oil droplets by using asymmetric nano-orifice induced DC dielectrophoretic method. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 512:389-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Chen X, Ren Y, Liu W, Feng X, Jia Y, Tao Y, Jiang H. A Simplified Microfluidic Device for Particle Separation with Two Consecutive Steps: Induced Charge Electro-osmotic Prefocusing and Dielectrophoretic Separation. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9583-9592. [PMID: 28783330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Continuous dielectrophoretic separation is recognized as a powerful technique for a large number of applications including early stage cancer diagnosis, water quality analysis, and stem-cell-based therapy. Generally, the prefocusing of a particle mixture into a stream is an essential process to ensure all particles are subjected to the same electric field geometry in the separation region. However, accomplishing this focusing process either requires hydrodynamic squeezing, which requires an encumbering peripheral system and a complicated operation to drive and control the fluid motion, or depends on dielectrophoretic forces, which are highly sensitive to the dielectric characterization of particles. An alternative focusing technique, induced charge electro-osmosis (ICEO), has been demonstrated to be effective in focusing an incoming mixture into a particle stream as well as nonselective regarding the particles of interest. Encouraged by these aspects, we propose a hybrid method for microparticle separation based on a delicate combination of ICEO focusing and dielectrophoretic deflection. This method involves two steps: focusing the mixture into a thin particle stream via ICEO vortex flow and separating the particles of differing dielectic properties through dielectrophoresis. To demonstrate the feasibility of the method proposed, we designed and fabricated a microfluidic chip and separated a mixture consisting of yeast cells and silica particles with an efficiency exceeding 96%. This method has good potential for flexible integration into other microfluidic chips in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyu Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangsong Feng
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankai Jia
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Microfluidics has been undergoing fast development in the past two decades due to its promising applications in biotechnology, medicine, and chemistry. Towards these applications, enhancing concentration sensitivity and detection resolution are indispensable to meet the detection limits because of the dilute sample concentrations, ultra-small sample volumes and short detection lengths in microfluidic devices. A variety of microfluidic techniques for concentrating analytes have been developed. This article presents an overview of analyte concentration techniques in microfluidics. We focus on discussing the physical mechanism of each concentration technique with its representative advancements and applications. Finally, the article is concluded by highlighting and discussing advantages and disadvantages of the reviewed techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunlu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (C.Y.); Tel.: +86-29-8266-3222 (C.Z.); +65-6790-4883 (C.Y.)
| | - Zhengwei Ge
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Chun Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (C.Y.); Tel.: +86-29-8266-3222 (C.Z.); +65-6790-4883 (C.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|