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Wang G, Ryu K, Dong Z, Hu Y, Ke Y, Dong Z, Long Y. Micro/nanofabrication of heat management materials for energy-efficient building facades. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:115. [PMID: 39183234 PMCID: PMC11345463 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Advanced building facades, which include windows, walls, and roofs, hold great promise for reducing building energy consumption. In recent decades, the management of heat transfer via electromagnetic radiation between buildings and outdoor environments has emerged as a critical research field aimed at regulating solar irradiation and thermal emission properties. Rapid advancements have led to the widespread utilization of advanced micro/nanofabrication techniques. This review provides the first comprehensive summary of fabrication methods for heat management materials with potential applications in energy-efficient building facades, with a particular emphasis on recent developments in fabrication processing and material property design. These methods include coating, vapor deposition, nanolithography, printing, etching, and electrospinning. Furthermore, we present our perspectives regarding their advantages and disadvantages and our opinions on the opportunities and challenges in this field. This review is expected to expedite future research by providing information on the selection, design, improvement, and development of relevant fabrication techniques for advanced materials with energy-efficient heat management capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanya Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keunhyuk Ryu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yuwei Hu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yujie Ke
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
- School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - ZhiLi Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yi Long
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Wang X, Song C, Wang Y, Feng S, Xu D, Hao T, Xu H. Flexible Transparent Films of Oriented Silver Nanowires for a Stretchable Strain Sensor. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4059. [PMID: 39203237 PMCID: PMC11355971 DOI: 10.3390/ma17164059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
The potential applications of stretchable strain sensors in wearable electronics have garnered significant attention. However, developing susceptible stretchable strain sensors for practical applications still poses a considerable challenge. The present study introduces a stretchable strain sensor that utilizes silver nanowires (AgNWs) embedded into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The AgNWs have high flexibility and electrical conductivity. A stretchable AgNW/Pat-PDMS conductive film was prepared by arranging nanowires on the surface of PDMS using a simple rod coating method. Depending on the orientation angle, the overlap area between nanowires varies, resulting in different levels of separation under a given strain. Due to the separation of the nanowire and the change in current path geometry, the variation in strain resistance of the sensor can be primarily attributed to these factors. Therefore, precision in strain regulation can be adjusted by altering the angle θ (0°, 60°, or 90°) of the nanowire. At the same time, the stability of the AgNW/Pattern-PDMS (AgNW/Pat-PDMS) conductive film application was verified by preparing a sandwich structure PDMS/AgNW/Pat-PDMS stretchable strain sensor. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity within the operating sensing range (gauge factor (GF) of 15 within ~120% strain), superior durability (20,000 bending cycles and 5000 stretching cycles), and excellent response toward bending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Wang
- China Electronic Technology Group Corp 49th Research Institute, Harbin 150001, China; (X.W.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (D.X.)
| | - Chengjun Song
- China Electronic Technology Group Corp 49th Research Institute, Harbin 150001, China; (X.W.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (D.X.)
| | - Yangyang Wang
- China Electronic Technology Group Corp 49th Research Institute, Harbin 150001, China; (X.W.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (D.X.)
| | - Shaoxuan Feng
- China Electronic Technology Group Corp 49th Research Institute, Harbin 150001, China; (X.W.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (D.X.)
| | - Dong Xu
- China Electronic Technology Group Corp 49th Research Institute, Harbin 150001, China; (X.W.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (D.X.)
| | - Tingting Hao
- China Electronic Technology Group Corp 49th Research Institute, Harbin 150001, China; (X.W.); (C.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (D.X.)
| | - Hongbo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Hao T, Ji H, Xu D, Liu D, Ren Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Sun J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Li Y. Capillary Force-Induced Graphene Spontaneous Transfer and Encapsulation of Silver Nanowires for Highly-Stable Transparent Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:40199-40209. [PMID: 39029113 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (NWs) (AgNWs) have emerged as the most promising conductive materials in flexible optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent photoelectric properties and mechanical flexibility. It is widely acknowledged that the practical application of AgNW networks faces challenges, such as high surface roughness, poor substrate adhesion, and limited stability. Encapsulating AgNW networks with graphene has been recognized as a viable strategy to tackle these issues. However, conventional methods like self-assembly reduction-oxidation or chemical vapor deposition often yield graphene protective layers with inherent defects. Here, we propose a novel one-step hot-pressing method containing ethanol solution that combines the spontaneous transfer and encapsulation process of rGO films onto the surface of the AgNWs network, enabling the preparation of flexible rGO/AgNWs/PET (reduced graphene oxide/silver NWs/polyethylene terephthalate) electrodes. The composite electrode exhibits outstanding photoelectric properties (T ≈ 88%, R ≈ 6 Ω sq-1) and possesses a smooth surface, primarily attributed to the capillary force generated by ethanol evaporation, ensuring the integrity of the rGO delamination process on the original substrate. The capillary force simultaneously promotes the tight encapsulation of rGO and AgNWs, as well as the welding of the AgNWs junction, thereby enhancing the mechanical stability (20,000 bending cycles and 100 cycles of taping tests), thermal stability (∼30 °C and ∼25% humidity for 150 days), and environmental adaptability (100 days of chemical attack) of the electrode. The electrode's practical feasibility has been validated by its exceptional flexibility and cycle stability (95 and 98% retention after 5000 bending cycles and 12,000 s long-term cycles) in flexible electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hao
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
- China Electronic Technology Group Corporation 49th Research Institute, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Haoyu Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Dong Xu
- China Electronic Technology Group Corporation 49th Research Institute, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Dongqi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Zichen Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yike Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jiawu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jiupeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Leipeng Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
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Zhao Q, Fan L, Zhao N, He H, Zhang L, Tan Q. Synergistic advancements in high-performance flexible capacitive pressure sensors: structural modifications, AI integration, and diverse applications. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38415750 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The development of flexible pressure sensors for monitoring human motion and physiological signals has attracted extensive scientific research. However, achieving low monitoring limits, a wide detection range, large bending stresses, and excellent mechanical stability simultaneously remains a serious challenge. With the aim of developing a high-performance capacitive pressure sensor (CPS), this paper introduces the successful preparation of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)/polydimethylsiloxane (S-PDMS) composite dielectric with a foam-like structure (high permittivity and low elasticity modulus) and MXene/SWNT (S-MXene) composite film electrodes with a micro-crumpled structure. The above structurally modified CPS (SMCPS) demonstrated an excellent response output during pressure loading, achieving a wide pressure detection range (up to 700 kPa), a low detection limit (16.55 Pa), fast response/recovery characteristics (48/60 ms), enhanced sensitivity across a wide pressure range, long-term stability under repeated heavy loading and unloading (40 kPa, >2000 cycles), and reliable performance under various temperature and humidity conditions. The SMCPS demonstrated a precise and stable capacitive response in monitoring subtle physiological signals and detecting motion, owing to its unique electrode structure. The flexible device was integrated with an Internet of Things module to create a smart glove system that enables real-time tracking of dynamic gestures. This system demonstrates exceptional performance in gesture recognition and prediction with artificial intelligence analysis, highlighting the potential of the SMCPS in human-machine interface applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China
| | - Qiulin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China
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5
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Hao T, Zhang L, Ji H, Zhou Q, Feng T, Song S, Wang B, Liu D, Ren Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Sun J, Li Y. A Stretchable, Transparent, and Mechanically Robust Silver Nanowire-Polydimethylsiloxane Electrode for Electrochromic Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2640. [PMID: 37376285 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of flexible indium tin oxide (ITO-free) electrochromic devices has steadily attracted widespread attention in wearable devices. Recently, silver nanowire/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (AgNW/PDMS)-based stretchable conductive films have raised great interest as ITO-free substrate for flexible electrochromic devices. However, it is still difficult to achieve high transparency with low resistance due to the weak binding force between AgNW and PDMS with low surface energy because of the possibility of detaching and sliding occurring at the interface. Herein, we propose a method to pattern the pre-cured PDMS (PT-PDMS) by stainless steel film as a template through constructed micron grooves and embedded structure, to prepare a stretchable AgNW/PT-PDMS electrode with high transparency and high conductivity. The stretchable AgNW/PT-PDMS electrode can be stretched (5000 cycles), twisted, and surface friction (3M tape for 500 cycles) without significant loss of conductivity (ΔR/R ≈ 16% and 27%). In addition, with the increase of stretch (stretching to 10-80%), the AgNW/PT-PDMS electrode transmittance increased, and the conductivity increased at first and then decreased. It is possible that the AgNWs in the micron grooves are spread during PDMS stretching, resulting in a larger spreading area and higher transmittance of the AgNWs film; at the same time, the nanowires between the grooves come into contact, thus increasing conductivity. An electrochromic electrode constructed with the stretchable AgNW/PT-PDMS exhibited excellent electrochromic behavior (transmittance contrast from ~61% to ~57%) even after 10,000 bending cycles or 500 stretching cycles, indicating high stability and mechanical robustness. Notably, this method of preparing transparent stretch electrodes based on patterned PDMS provides a promising solution for developing electronic devices with unique structures and high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Leipeng Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Infrared and Low Temperature Plasma Key Laboratory of Anhui Province, NUDT, Hefei 230037, China
| | - Haoyu Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiyu Zhou
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ting Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dongqi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zichen Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yike Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiawu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yao Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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6
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Fan Q, Fan H, Li K, Hou C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang H. Stretchable, Electrochemically-Stable Electrochromic Devices Based on Semi-Embedded Ag@Au Nanowire Network. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208234. [PMID: 36866459 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electrochromic (EC) devices that can adapt the irregular and dynamic human surfaces show promising applications in wearable display, adaptive camouflage, and visual sensation. However, challenges exist in lacking transparent conductive electrodes with both tensile and electrochemical stability to assemble the complex device structure and endure harsh electrochemical redox reactions. Herein, a wrinkled, semi-embedded Ag@Au nanowire (NW) networks are constructed on elastomer substrates to fabricate stretchable, electrochemically-stable conductive electrodes. The stretchable EC devices are then fabricated by sandwiching a viologen-based gel electrolyte between two conductive electrodes with the semi-embedded Ag@Au NW network. Because the inert Au layer inhibits the oxidation of Ag NWs, the EC device exhibits much more stable color changes between yellow and green than those with pure Ag NW networks. In addition, since the wrinkled semi-embedded structure is deformable and reversibly stretched without serious fractures, the EC devices still maintain excellent color-changing stability under 40% stretching/releasing cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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Deng X, Wang S, Zhou W, Xu M, Chen B, Zhang W. Wrinkle-bioinspired silver nanowire surface enhanced Raman scattering sensors for pesticide molecule detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04702-x. [PMID: 37071141 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate wrinkle-bioinspired flexible SERS sensor covered by silver nanowire (AgNWs) network for the detection of pesticide molecules. Compared with the silver film deposition substrates, the wrinkle-bioinspired AgNWs SERS substrates show stronger SERS effect, which were attributed to the electromagnetic field enhancement posed by the relatively high density "hot spots" of AgNWs. In order to investigate the adsorption performance of wrinkle-bioinspired flexible sensors, we measured the corresponding contact angles of AgNWs on the substrate surfaces before and after plasma treatment and found that the AgNWs treated with plasma are more hydrophilic than that without plasma treatment. Additionally, the wrinkle-bioinspired SERS sensors show different SERS activities under different tensile strain, and the 10-6 mol/L concentration of Rhodamine dye (R6G) molecules can be detected by portable Raman spectra, reducing greatly detection cost. The surface plasmon resonance of AgNWs is induced by adjusting the deformation of AgNWs substrate, enhancing the SERS signal. This reliability of wrinkle-bioinspired SERS sensors is further verified by in situ detection of pesticide molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Deng
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Song Wang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Minghao Xu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Mondal I, Awasthi N, Ganesha MK, Singh AK, Kulkarni GU. Cost-Effective Smart Window: Transparency Modulation via Surface Contact Angle Controlled Mist Formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3613-3620. [PMID: 36606698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Implementing simple and inexpensive energy-saving smart technologies in households is quite effective to accomplish on-demand privacy control and reduction in energy consumption. Conventional smart glasses face difficulty in making inroads into the consumer market due to utilizing expensive active layers, electrolytes, and transparent electrodes. Thus, the need of the hour is to develop an unconventional smart window, which should be cost-effective, power-efficient, and simple to fabricate. Against this backdrop, we report the fabrication of a new class of smart partition windows termed "mist-driven transparency switching glass". The fabrication protocol includes surface energy modification of two glass panes, followed by assembling them into a square or rectangular-shaped narrow cell with appropriate inlets and outlets for mist. In its pristine state, the device is transparent, as expected of two plain glasses forming a cell. Insertion of cool mist into the device produces tiny droplets onto the inner walls due to condensation enabling scattering of light, thereby producing the translucent state. The optimized device shows a transmittance modulation of as much as ∼65% at 550 nm, allowing it to reduce the indoor temperature by more than 30% compared to a regular glass windowpane. To realize commercial viability, a large area device (30 × 30 cm2) was fabricated, which could be operated wirelessly through a cellphone application paving the way for incorporating the Internet of Things into the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Mondal
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Nilay Awasthi
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore 562162, India
| | - Mukhesh K Ganesha
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore 562162, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashutosh K Singh
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore 562162, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Giridhar U Kulkarni
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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Miroshnichenko AS, Neplokh V, Mukhin IS, Islamova RM. Silicone Materials for Flexible Optoelectronic Devices. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8731. [PMID: 36556538 PMCID: PMC9780939 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polysiloxanes and materials based on them (silicone materials) are of great interest in optoelectronics due to their high flexibility, good film-forming ability, and optical transparency. According to the literature, polysiloxanes are suggested to be very promising in the field of optoelectronics and could be employed in the composition of liquid crystal devices, computer memory drives organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and organic photovoltaic devices, including dye synthesized solar cells (DSSC). Polysiloxanes are also a promising material for novel optoectronic devices, such as LEDs based on arrays of III-V nanowires (NWs). In this review, we analyze the currently existing types of silicone materials and their main properties, which are used in optoelectronic device development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Miroshnichenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources, St. Petersburg Academic University, 8/3 Khlopina Str., St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Vladimir Neplokh
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- High School of Engineering Physics, The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya Str., St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Mukhin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources, St. Petersburg Academic University, 8/3 Khlopina Str., St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- High School of Engineering Physics, The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya Str., St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Regina M. Islamova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Zhu M, Yan X, Li X, Dai L, Guo J, Lei Y, Xu Y, Xu H. Flexible, Transparent, and Hazy Composite Cellulosic Film with Interconnected Silver Nanowire Networks for EMI Shielding and Joule Heating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45697-45706. [PMID: 36178711 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An optical transparent and hazy film with admirable flexibility, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and Joule heating performance meeting the requirements of optoelectronic devices is significantly desirable. Herein, a cellulose paper was infiltrated by epoxy resin to fabricate a transparent cellulose paper (TCP) with high transparency, optical haze, and favorable flexibility, owing to effective light scattering and mechanical enhancement of the cellulose network. Moreover, a highly connected silver nanowire (AgNW) network was constructed on the TCP substrate by the spray-coating method and appropriate thermal annealing technique to realize high electrical conductivity and favorable optical transmittance of the composite film at the same time, followed by coating of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer for protection of the AgNW network. The obtained PDMS/AgNWs/TCP composite film features considerable optical transmittance (up to 86.8%) and haze (up to 97.7%), while satisfactory EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) (up to 39.1 dB, 8.2-12.4 GHz) as well as strong mechanical strength (higher than 41 MPa) were achieved. The coated PDMS layer prevented the AgNW network from falling off and ensured the long-term stability of the PDMS/AgNWs/TCP composite film under deformations. In addition, the multifunctional PDMS/AgNWs/TCP composite film also exhibited excellent Joule heating performance with low supplied voltages, rapid response, and sufficient stability. This work demonstrates a novel pathway to improve the performance of multifunctional transparent composite films for future advanced optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhu
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuanxuan Yan
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xin Li
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Lei Dai
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Junhao Guo
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yuting Lei
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Hailong Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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11
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Deng HT, Wen DL, Feng T, Wang YL, Zhang XR, Huang P, Zhang XS. Silicone Rubber Based-Conductive Composites for Stretchable "All-in-One" Microsystems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39681-39700. [PMID: 36006298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics with development trends such as miniaturization, multifunction, and smart integration have become an important part of the Internet of Things (IoT) and have penetrated various sectors of modern society. To meet the increasing demands of wearable electronics in terms of deformability and conformability, many efforts have been devoted to overcoming the nonstretchable and poor conformal properties of traditional functional materials and endowing devices with outstanding mechanical properties. One of the promising approaches is composite engineering in which traditional functional materials are incorporated into the various polymer matrices to develop different kinds of functional composites and construct different functions of stretchable electronics. Herein, we focus on the approach of composite engineering and the polymer matrix of silicone rubber (SR), and we summarize the state-of-the-art details of silicone rubber-based conductive composites (SRCCs), including a summary of their conductivity mechanisms and synthesis methods and SRCC applications for stretchable electronics. For conductivity mechanisms, two conductivity mechanisms of SRCC are emphasized: percolation theory and the quantum tunneling mechanism. For synthesis methods of SRCCs, four typical approaches to synthesize different kinds of SRCCs are investigated: mixing/blending, infiltration, ion implantation, and in situ formation. For SRCC applications, different functions of stretchable electronics based on SRCCs for interconnecting, sensing, powering, actuating, and transmitting are summarized, including stretchable interconnects, sensors, nanogenerators, antennas, and transistors. These functions reveal the feasibility of constructing a stretchable all-in-one self-powered microsystem based on SRCC-based stretchable electronics. As a prospect, this microsystem is expected to integrate the functional sensing modulus, the energy harvesting modulus, and the process and response modulus together to sense and respond to environmental stimulations and human physiological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Deng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Dan-Liang Wen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xin-Ran Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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12
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Yang Y, Duan S, Zhao H. Advances in constructing silver nanowire-based conductive pathways for flexible and stretchable electronics. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11484-11511. [PMID: 35912705 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02475f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With their soaring technological demand, flexible and stretchable electronics have attracted many researchers' attention for a variety of applications. The challenge which was identified a decade ago and still remains, however, is that the conventional electrodes based on indium tin oxide (ITO) are not suitable for ultra-flexible electronic devices. The main reason is that ITO is brittle and expensive, limiting device performance and application. Thus, it is crucial to develop new materials and processes to construct flexible and stretchable electrodes with superior quality for next-generation soft devices. Herein, various types of conductive nanomaterials as candidates for flexible and stretchable electrodes are briefly reviewed. Among them, silver nanowire (AgNW) is selected as the focus of this review, on account of its excellent conductivity, superior flexibility, high technological maturity, and significant presence in the research community. To fabricate a reliable AgNW-based conductive network for electrodes, different processing technologies are introduced, and the corresponding characteristics are compared and discussed. Furthermore, this review summarizes strategies and the latest progress in enhancing the conductive pathway. Finally, we showcase some exemplary applications and provide some perspectives about the remaining technical challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Yang
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Shun Duan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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13
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Abstract
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With the rapid development of optoelectronic fields,
electrochromic
(EC) materials and devices have received remarkable attention and
have shown attractive potential for use in emerging wearable and portable
electronics, electronic papers/billboards, see-through displays, and
other new-generation displays, due to the advantages of low power
consumption, easy viewing, flexibility, stretchability, etc. Despite
continuous progress in related fields, determining how to make electrochromics
truly meet the requirements of mature displays (e.g., ideal overall
performance) has been a long-term problem. Therefore, the commercialization
of relevant high-quality products is still in its infancy. In this
review, we will focus on the progress in emerging EC materials and
devices for potential displays, including two mainstream EC display
prototypes (segmented displays and pixel displays) and their commercial
applications. Among these topics, the related materials/devices, EC
performance, construction approaches, and processing techniques are
comprehensively disscussed and reviewed. We also outline the current
barriers with possible solutions and discuss the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Bo Jia
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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14
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Kwon NY, Park SH, Lee Y, Kong GD, Chau HD, Yoon HJ, Woo HY, Hoang MH, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Uniform Silver Nanowire Patterned Electrode on Robust PEN Substrate Using Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Underlayer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34909-34917. [PMID: 35839207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes are among the most essential flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) emerging as promising alternatives to brittle indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The polymer comprising the plastic substrate to which the AgNWs are applied must also satisfy the mechanical requirements of the final device and withstand the device processing conditions. However, AgNW-based FTEs have some limitations, such as poor adhesion to coated plastic substrates, surface roughness, and difficulty in patterning. This study demonstrates a new strategy for creating AgNW-based patterned flexible poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN)-based electrodes with appreciable optical and electrical properties. Introducing poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) on the PEN substrate enhanced the adhesion between the substrate and AgNWs and improved the dispersibility of the AgNWs. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) and a small amount of 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol as a photosensitizer were coated onto the AgNW layer to improve the surface roughness and achieve an effective electrode pattern. By varying the AgNW concentration, we could tune the density and thickness of the AgNWs to optimize the sheet resistance and transmittance. Optimized AgNWs with a sheet resistance of 22.6 Ω/□ and transmittance of 92.3% at 550 nm were achieved. A polymer solar cell (PSC) was fabricated to evaluate the characteristics of the device employing the flexible electrodes. This PSC showed not only a high power conversion efficiency of 11.20%, similar to that of ITO-based devices, but also excellent mechanical stability, which is difficult to achieve in ITO-based flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Gyu Don Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hong Diem Chau
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Mai Ha Hoang
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11072, Vietnam
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
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15
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Kumar A, Kumar N. Advances in transparent polymer nanocomposites and their applications: A comprehensive review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2029892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atish Kumar
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, DR. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, DR. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
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16
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Hao T, Wang S, Xu H, Zhang X, Magdassi S, Pan L, Song Y, Li Y, Zhao J. Novel Transparent TiO 2/AgNW-Si(NH 2)/PET Hybrid Films for Flexible Smart Windows. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21613-21622. [PMID: 35482585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-free electrochromic devices (FCDs) has always been a research hotspot in flexible electronics. Recently, a silver nanowire (AgNW)-based transparent conductive film has raised great interest as an ITO-free substrate for FCDs. However, several challenges, such as the weak binding of AgNWs to the substrate, high junction resistance, and oxidation of AgNWs, remain. In this paper, a novel method for surface modification of AgNWs with N-aminoethyl-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane [Si(NH2)] solution is proposed to enhance the bonding with the flexible substrates and the active materials, thereby inhibiting the delamination of AgNWs from the substrate and reducing the high junction resistance between nanowires. The TiO2/AgNW-Si(NH2)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films show outstanding mechanical properties, of which the resistance remains almost unchanged after mechanical bending of 5000 cycles (ΔR/R0 ≈ 3.6%) and repeated peeling off cycles with 3M tape 100 times (ΔR/R0 ≈ 6.0%). In addition, we found that the oxygen-containing groups on the TiO2/AgNW-Si(NH2)/PET surface form hydrogen bonds with the TiO2 sol, resulting in tight contact between the TiO2 sol and the AgNWs, which prevents the AgNWs from oxidation. As a result, the TiO2/AgNW-Si(NH2)/PET film exhibited long-time aging (ΔR/R0 ≈ 4.9% in the air for 100 days) stability. A FCD was constructed with the TiO2/AgNW-Si(NH2)/PET film, which showed excellent electrochromic performance (94% retention) after 5000 bending cycles, indicating high stability and mechanical flexibility. These results present a promising solution to the transparent conductive films for flexible energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Institute of Chemistry and Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Lei Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiupeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
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17
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Nguyen VH, Papanastasiou DT, Resende J, Bardet L, Sannicolo T, Jiménez C, Muñoz-Rojas D, Nguyen ND, Bellet D. Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106006. [PMID: 35195360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes (TEs) are pivotal components in many modern devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, touch screens, wearable electronic devices, smart windows, and transparent heaters. Recently, the high demand for flexibility and low cost in TEs requires a new class of transparent conductive materials (TCMs), serving as substitutes for the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). So far, ITO has been the most used TCM despite its brittleness and high cost. Among the different emerging alternative materials to ITO, metallic nanomaterials have received much interest due to their remarkable optical-electrical properties, low cost, ease of manufacturing, flexibility, and widespread applicability. These involve metal grids, thin oxide/metal/oxide multilayers, metal nanowire percolating networks, or nanocomposites based on metallic nanostructures. In this review, a comparison between TCMs based on metallic nanomaterials and other TCM technologies is discussed. Next, the different types of metal-based TCMs developed so far and the fabrication technologies used are presented. Then, the challenges that these TCMs face toward integration in functional devices are discussed. Finally, the various fields in which metal-based TCMs have been successfully applied, as well as emerging and potential applications, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | | | - Joao Resende
- AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Bardet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Ngoc Duy Nguyen
- Département de Physique, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, Université de Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
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18
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Fabrication of a highly stretchable and electrically conductive silicone-embedded composite textile through optimization of the thermal curing process. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Ma X, Xie J, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Transparent and flexible AuNSs/PDMS-based SERS substrates for in-situ detection of pesticide residues. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120542. [PMID: 34749261 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a PDMS-based flexible SERS substrate modified with gold nanostars (AuNSs) for in-situ detection of pesticide residues on fruit surfaces. AuNSs with sharp branches were assembled on aminated PDMS membrane by chemical bonding effect. The AuNSs/PDMS substrate showed good signal uniformity, stability and sensitivity using the Raman signal molecule 4-MBA and the detection concentration of 4-MBA was as low as 10-8 mol/L. Then the AuNSs/PDMS substrate was used to detect methyl parathion (MP) standard solution. A good linear relationship between SERS intensity at 1342 cm-1 and MP concentration was established in the range of 4 μg/mL-100 μg/mL, and the limit of detection was down to 1.946 μg/mL. Moreover, the AuNSs/PDMS substrate was directly covered on the surface of MP contaminated apple, and the Raman laser was incident from the back of substrate to achieve in-situ detection of pesticide residues. The recovery ratio indicated that the fabricated SERS substrate was realized successfully in real sample detection. AuNSs/PDMS substrate eliminates the requirement for sample pre-processing steps before testing, which can be used as a method for rapid inspection of pesticide in agricultural products on site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China.
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
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20
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Yuan R, Qian W, Liu Z, Wang J, Xu J, Chen K, Yu L. Designable Integration of Silicide Nanowire Springs as Ultra-Compact and Stretchable Electronic Interconnections. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104690. [PMID: 34859580 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics are finding widespread applications in bio-sensing, skin-mimetic electronics, and flexible displays, where high-density integration of elastic and durable interconnections is a key capability. Instead of forming a randomly crossed nanowire (NW) network, here, a large-scale and precise integration of highly conductive nickel silicide nanospring (SiNix -NS) arrays are demonstrated, which are fabricated out of an in-plane solid-liquid-solid guided growth of planar Si nanowires (SiNWs), and subsequent alloy-forming process that boosts the channel conductivity over 4 orders of magnitude (to 2 × 104 S cm-1 ). Thanks to the narrow diameter of the serpentine SiNix -NS channels, the elastic geometry engineering can be accomplished within a very short interconnection distance (down to ≈3 µm), which is crucial for integrating high-density displays or logic units in a rigid-island and elastic-interconnection configuration. Deployed over soft polydimethylsiloxane thin film substrate, the SiNix -NS array demonstrates an excellent stretchability that can sustain up to 50% stretching and for 10 000 cycles (at 15%). This approach paves the way to integrate high-density inorganic electronics and interconnections for high-performance health monitoring, displays, and on-skin electronic applications, based on the mature and rather reliable Si thin film technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Qian
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zongguang Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Junzhuan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Kunji Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Linwei Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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21
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Lee JH, Raman V, Kang C, Ha HU, Seok HJ, Kim HK. Highly stretchable transparent bar coated Ag NW/PEDOT:PSS hybrid electrode for wearable and stretchable devices. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3055-3061. [PMID: 35425295 PMCID: PMC8979090 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a composite with Ag nanowire (Ag NW) to enhance the stretchability of the Ag NW network electrode. The composite Ag NW/PEDOT:PSS hybrid ink (AP ink) was prepared at a ratio of 1 : 10, 1 : 20, and 1 : 30, respectively and bar coated on polyurethane substrate. The different ink ratios were studied and optimized with a sheet resistance of 14.93 Ω sq-1. and a transmittance of 88.6% showing a high performance in mechanical stress tests such as bending, folding, rolling, twisting, and stretching. It also showed a conductive bridge effect where the PEDOT:PSS acted as an anchor or support to Ag NW during mechanical strain and PEDOT:PSS also enhanced the electrical conductivity of the Ag NW. Therefore, to prove the real time performance of the electrode as a wearable device, we fabricated transparent electroluminescence devices and thin film heater devices which are highly flexible and demonstrated excellent performance proving that the AP electrode is more suitable candidate for future wearable transparent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyeon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Vivekanandan Raman
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Uk Ha
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jun Seok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
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22
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Yıldız B, Ahmetali E, Budak Ö, Koca A, Şener MK. Zinc( ii) phthalocyanine–viologen dyads: synthesis, electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry, electrodeposition, and electrochromism. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00889k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochromic properties have been enriched by combining the anodic colorant zinc phthalocyanine and cathodic colorant viologen moieties into a dyad system via a flexible chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yıldız Technical University, Esenler, İstanbul, 34210, Turkey
- Program of Refinery and Petrochemical Technology, Aliağa Vocational Training School, Ege University, Aliağa, İzmir, 35800, Turkey
| | - Erem Ahmetali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yıldız Technical University, Esenler, İstanbul, 34210, Turkey
| | - Özlem Budak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Kadıköy, İstanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Atıf Koca
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Kadıköy, İstanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - M. Kasım Şener
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yıldız Technical University, Esenler, İstanbul, 34210, Turkey
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23
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Zhao W, Xu S. A facile structural strategy for a wearable strain sensor based on carbon nanotube modified helical yarns. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 4:250-257. [PMID: 36132965 PMCID: PMC9417151 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00215e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have gained considerable popularity due to the potential feasibility in flexible electronics. In this work, a facile fabrication strategy for a wearable strain sensor is presented based on a hierarchical-gap response mechanism. A double-helical-structured elastic string was employed as the stretchable substrate, and carbon nanotubes were chosen as the resistance-sensitive nanostructures. A CNT-modified elastic string (CES) was obtained by directly coating CNTs onto the substrate. After polydimethylsiloxane encapsulation, a fiber-shaped resistive-type strain sensor was fabricated. It was attached to different joints for human body motion monitoring. The double-helical structure could produce hierarchical gaps as the applied strain increased, which served as spatial complements to allow a well-connected structure to be formed. The CES sensor could accurately capture different levels of strain caused by physiological signals and joint motions. This facile fabrication strategy is expected to be used to produce large-scale strain sensors with ultra-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Xin Feng Ming Group Co., Ltd Tongxiang Zhejiang Province 314500 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 P. R. China
- School of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 P. R. China
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An EY, Lee S, Lee SG, Lee E, Baek JJ, Shin G, Choi KH, Cho JH, Bae GY. Self-Patterned Stretchable Electrode Based on Silver Nanowire Bundle Mesh Developed by Liquid Bridge Evaporation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112865. [PMID: 34835632 PMCID: PMC8621255 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy is required to realize a low-cost stretchable electrode while realizing high stretchability, conductivity, and manufacturability. In this study, we fabricated a self-patterned stretchable electrode using a simple and scalable process. The stretchable electrode is composed of a bridged square-shaped (BSS) AgNW bundle mesh developed by liquid bridge evaporation and a stretchable polymer matrix patterned with a microcavity array. Owing to the BSS structure and microcavity array, which effectively concentrate the applied strain on the deformable square region of the BSS structure under tensile stretching, the stretchable electrode exhibits high stretchability with a low ΔR/R0 of 10.3 at a strain of 40%. Furthermore, by exploiting the self-patterning ability—attributable to the difference in the ability to form liquid bridges according to the distance between microstructures—we successfully demonstrated a stretchable AgNW bundle mesh with complex patterns without using additional patterning processes. In particular, stretchable electrodes were fabricated by spray coating and bar coating, which are widely used in industry for low-cost mass production. We believe that this study significantly contributes to the commercialization of stretchable electronics while achieving high performance and complex patterns, such as stretchable displays and electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young An
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea;
| | - Eunho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea;
| | - Jeong Ju Baek
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Gyojic Shin
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Kyung Ho Choi
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.C.); (G.Y.B.)
| | - Geun Yeol Bae
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.C.); (G.Y.B.)
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25
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Yang C, Wu Y, Nie M, Wang Q, Liu Y. Highly Stretchable and Conductive Carbon Fiber/Polyurethane Conductive Films Featuring Interlocking Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38656-38665. [PMID: 34346227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable conductors are essential assembly units of next-generation flexible electronics, requiring excellent conductivity and stretchability simultaneously. However, poor interfacial adhesion between conductive fillers and polymer matrixes often triggers the relative slippage and dislocation of the conductive network, deteriorating the final conductivity. Herein, we constructed interlocking interfaces in a polyurethane (PU) conductive composite by introducing brush-like carbon fibers (CFs) with laterally grown zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs). The ZnO NW-enabled construction of the functional interfaces integrated the CFs tightly with the polymer matrix to greatly improve the interfacial adhesion and suppress the sliding displacement of conductive fillers upon external load, contributing to excellent mechanical strength and conductive stability. Specifically, the combination of high mechanical strength (7.19 MPa) and stable conductivity (26.3 S/m under 100% strain, approaching 30 S/m of the initial conductivity) was demonstrated for the brush-like CF/PU film. Finally, the application potential of the novel stretchable conductor as a thermal therapy unit and connecting wire in a flexible circuit was explored successfully under complex dynamic deformations. Accordingly, this inspiring result creatively combines the interface geometry with conductive stability, and offers a facile and effective route to prepare excellent stretchable conductors, which can be easily applied to other conductive composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Min Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuansen Liu
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
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26
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Ma C, Liu YF, Bi YG, Zhang XL, Yin D, Feng J, Sun HB. Recent progress in post treatment of silver nanowire electrodes for optoelectronic device applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12423-12437. [PMID: 34259675 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02917g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the economical and practical solution synthesis and coating strategies, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as one of the most suitable alternative materials to replace commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes. The primitive AgNW electrode cannot meet the requirements for preparing high performance optoelectronic devices due to its high contact resistance, large surface roughness and poor stability. Thus, various post-treatments for AgNW film optimization are needed before its actual applications, such as welding treatment to decrease contact resistance and passivation to increase film stability. This review investigates recent progress on the preparation and optimization of AgNWs. Moreover, some unique fabrication strategies to produce highly oriented AgNW films with unique anisotropic properties have also been carried out with detailed analysis. The representative devices based on the AgNW electrode have been summarized and discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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27
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Zhao SQ, Jiang ZY, Chen LS, Huang W, Liu YH. Self-supporting, ultra-thin and highly transparent conducting nickel grids for extremely flexible and stretchable electrochromic devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:25254-25269. [PMID: 34614859 DOI: 10.1364/oe.428332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been a great challenge to design an extremely flexible and stretchable electrochromic device (ECD), due to the physical deformation and fracture of the conductive materials and supporting substrates after plenty of bending. To solve the aforementioned shortcoming of ECDs, in this paper, a self-supporting metal Ni gird electrode is mentioned, which discarded solid or flexible polymeric substrates, having outstanding features of extremely foldability (bending radius lower 50 μm), stretchability (stretching to 117.6%), excellent conductivity (sheet resistance lower 0.4 Ω/sq), high transmittance (about 90% in full spectra), and ultra-thin thickness (3.7 μm). By assembling the metal electrode, the electrochromic material and the hydrogel, a paper-thin, ultra-flexible, and stretchable ECD with an overall thickness of 113 μm was prepared, which could be attached to the manifold and undulating surface of things and be stretched without compromising the dynamic bleaching and coloration performance. The triple-layered and substrate-free ECD with excellent flexibility and wearability could serve as futuristic electronics used for multiple purposes, like flexible displays, camouflage wearables and medical monitoring, etc.
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28
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Li J, Li J, Li H, Wang C, Sheng M, Zhang L, Fu S. Bistable Elastic Electrochromic Ionic Gels for Energy-Saving Displays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:27200-27208. [PMID: 34061499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The diversification of electrochromic materials greatly expands the application fields of electrochromic devices. However, highly flexible electrochromic materials remain challenging due to the inherent limitations associated with the existing electrochromic processes. Inspired by the hydrogen bonding effect in the hydrogel structure, a highly elastic and bistable electrochromic ionic gel based on a hydrogen bonding cross-linking network is prepared by solution polymerization having excellent tensile resilience, uniform coloring, reversible switching (≤24.3 s), maximum transmittance change (≥80%), bistability (54 h), reversibility (>500 cycles), and coloration efficiency (≥85.3 cm2·C-1). This method has been used to develop bistable electrochromic displays. The unconventional exploration of the bistable design principle may provide a new idea for the realization of bistable electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- The First Scientific Research Institute of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- The First Scientific Research Institute of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mingfei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shaohai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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29
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Wang J, Gao D, Lee PS. Recent Progress in Artificial Muscles for Interactive Soft Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003088. [PMID: 33108022 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Artificial muscles are the core components of the smart and interactive soft robotic systems, providing the capabilities in shape morphing, manipulation, and mobility. Intense research efforts in the development of artificial muscles are based on the dielectric elastomer actuators, pneumatic actuators, electrochemical actuators, soft magnetic actuators, and stimulus responsive polymers. Recent progress has presented artificial muscles with impressive specific power output exceeding that of the natural muscles, dexterous shape morphing behavior that can be programmed and reconfigured, and exceptional high maneuverability to traverse surfaces with obstacles and different textures. Here, a succinct and critical summary is provided on the materials and strategies that have contributed to the important advancement of the artificial muscles in recent research. On that basis, the exciting opportunities are discussed in the integration of soft electronic devices with artificial muscles to enable smart and interactive soft robotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxin Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Dace Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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30
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Howard EL, Österholm AM, Shen DE, Panchumarti LP, Pinheiro C, Reynolds JR. Cost-Effective, Flexible, and Colorful Dynamic Displays: Removing Underlying Conducting Layers from Polymer-Based Electrochromic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:16732-16743. [PMID: 33788540 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) materials and devices provide a user-controlled, dynamic way of displaying information using low power, making them interesting for a range of applications in numerous markets, including logistics, retail, consumer goods, and health care. To optimize the cost while simplifying the production, expanding the color space, and enhancing the contrast and vibrancy of EC displays aimed for cost-sensitive products, we sought to reduce the number of layers as well as remove the underlying conducting layer that accounts for a substantial fraction of the cost of a printed label. Here, we show how conjugated electrochromic polymers, which are inherently semiconducting, can be used to accomplish this goal and afford printable EC displays with a flexible form factor. Using a combination of electrochemical probes, in situ spectroscopy, solid-state conductivity, and in situ conductance measurements, we have studied and compared five different EC polymers with conductivities spanning multiple orders of magnitude and colors that span most of the visible range, identifying polymers and properties that allow for switching from the colored to the clear state without an underlying conducting layer. Finally, we incorporate these EC polymers into optimized flexible devices without an underlying conductor and demonstrate that they are able to provide on-demand, reversible colored-to-clear switching on the order of seconds to minutes, with operating voltages below ±1 V, optical memories exceeding 60 min, and a shelf-life exceeding 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin L Howard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Ynvisible Interactive Inc., Engesserstrasse 4a, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Anna M Österholm
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - D Eric Shen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - L Prerana Panchumarti
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Carlos Pinheiro
- Ynvisible Interactive Inc., Engesserstrasse 4a, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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31
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Dzhardimalieva GI, Yadav BC, Lifintseva TV, Uflyand IE. Polymer chemistry underpinning materials for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs): Recent trends. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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32
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Li B, Zhao S, Zhu J, Ge S, Xing K, Sokolov AP, Saito T, Cao PF. Rational Polymer Design of Stretchable Poly(ionic liquid) Membranes for Dual Applications. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Li
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jiadeng Zhu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Sirui Ge
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Kunyue Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tomonori Saito
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Peng-Fei Cao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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33
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Basak I, Nowicki G, Ruttens B, Desta D, Prooth J, Jose M, Nagels S, Boyen HG, D’Haen J, Buntinx M, Deferme W. Inkjet Printing of PEDOT:PSS Based Conductive Patterns for 3D Forming Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122915. [PMID: 33291806 PMCID: PMC7762030 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the formulation, inkjet printing, and vacuum forming of a conductive and stretchable polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), ink on a stretchable and transparent thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate. The formulation of the conductive and stretchable ink is achieved by combining PEDOT:PSS with additional solvents, to achieve the right inkjet properties for drop-on-demand (DoD) inkjet printing. A conductive pattern can be printed from the 21 µm orifice on a flexible and stretchable TPU substrate, with a linewidth down to 44 µm. The properties of the printed pattern, in terms of sheet resistance, morphology, transparency, impact of weather conditions, and stretching are investigated and show sheet resistances up to 45 Ohm/sq and transparencies as high as 95%, which is comparable to indium tin oxide (ITO). Moreover, in contrast to ITO, one-time stretching up to 40% can be achieved, increasing the sheet resistance up to 214 Ohm/sq only, showing the great potential of this ink for one-time stretching. Finally, as a proof of this one-time stretching, the printed samples are vacuum formed around a 3D object, still showing sufficient conductivity to be applied as a capacitive touch sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Basak
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (I.B.); (B.R.); (D.D.); (J.P.); (M.J.); (S.N.); (H.-G.B.); (J.D.)
- IMEC vzw-Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Nowicki
- Institute for Materials Research, Packaging Technology Center, IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 27, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (G.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Bart Ruttens
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (I.B.); (B.R.); (D.D.); (J.P.); (M.J.); (S.N.); (H.-G.B.); (J.D.)
- IMEC vzw-Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Derese Desta
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (I.B.); (B.R.); (D.D.); (J.P.); (M.J.); (S.N.); (H.-G.B.); (J.D.)
- IMEC vzw-Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Prooth
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (I.B.); (B.R.); (D.D.); (J.P.); (M.J.); (S.N.); (H.-G.B.); (J.D.)
- IMEC vzw-Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Manoj Jose
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (I.B.); (B.R.); (D.D.); (J.P.); (M.J.); (S.N.); (H.-G.B.); (J.D.)
- IMEC vzw-Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Steven Nagels
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (I.B.); (B.R.); (D.D.); (J.P.); (M.J.); (S.N.); (H.-G.B.); (J.D.)
- IMEC vzw-Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hans-Gerd Boyen
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (I.B.); (B.R.); (D.D.); (J.P.); (M.J.); (S.N.); (H.-G.B.); (J.D.)
- IMEC vzw-Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan D’Haen
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (I.B.); (B.R.); (D.D.); (J.P.); (M.J.); (S.N.); (H.-G.B.); (J.D.)
- IMEC vzw-Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Mieke Buntinx
- Institute for Materials Research, Packaging Technology Center, IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 27, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (G.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Wim Deferme
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (I.B.); (B.R.); (D.D.); (J.P.); (M.J.); (S.N.); (H.-G.B.); (J.D.)
- IMEC vzw-Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Jang J, Choi JY, Jeon J, Lee J, Im J, Lee J, Jin SW, Park HJ, Lee SH, Kim DB, Chung CM, Cho S. Flexible Transparent Electrode Characteristics of Graphene Oxide/Cysteamine/AgNP/AgNW Structure. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122352. [PMID: 33260819 PMCID: PMC7760301 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO)-cysteamine-Ag nanoparticles (GCA)-silver nanowire (AgNW) fabricated by depositing GCA over sprayed AgNWs on PET films were proposed for transparent and flexible electrodes, and their optical, electrical, and mechanical properties were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, current-voltage measurements, and bending test. GCA-AgNW electrodes show optical transmittance of >80% at 550 nm and exhibit a high figure-of-merit value of up to 116.13 in the samples with sheet resistances of 20-40 Ω/◻. It was observed that the detrimental oxidation of bare AgNWs over time was considerably decreased, and the mechanical robustness was improved. To apply the layer as an actual electrode in working devices, a Pt/GO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate/GCA-AgNW/polyethylene terephthalate structure was fabricated, and resistive switching memory was demonstrated. On the basis of these results, we confirm that the proposed GCA-AgNW layer can be used as transparent and flexible electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhwan Jang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Ju-Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Jihyun Jeon
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Jeongjun Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaehyuk Im
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaegun Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Seung-Won Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Hyeong-Joo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Dam-Bi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Chan-Moon Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (S.C.); Tel.: +82-033-760-2266 (C.-M.C.); +82-033-760-2868 (S.C.)
| | - Soohaeng Cho
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (S.C.); Tel.: +82-033-760-2266 (C.-M.C.); +82-033-760-2868 (S.C.)
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Li C, Yang W, Wang M, Yu X, Fan J, Xiong Y, Yang Y, Li L. A Review of Coating Materials Used to Improve the Performance of Optical Fiber Sensors. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20154215. [PMID: 32751265 PMCID: PMC7435462 DOI: 10.3390/s20154215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the performance of fiber sensors and fully tap the potential of optical fiber sensors, various optical materials have been selectively coated on optical fiber sensors under the background of the rapid development of various optical materials. On the basis of retaining the original characteristics of the optical fiber sensors, the coated sensors are endowed with new characteristics, such as high sensitivity, strong structure, and specific recognition. Many materials with a large thermal optical coefficient and thermal expansion coefficients are applied to optical fibers, and the temperature sensitivities are improved several times after coating. At the same time, fiber sensors have more intelligent sensing capabilities when coated with specific recognition materials. The same/different kinds of materials combined with the same/different fiber structures can produce different measurements, which is interesting. This paper summarizes and compares the fiber sensors treated by different coating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxu Li
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (C.L.); (M.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (C.L.); (M.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
- School of measurement and communication engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (X.Y.); (J.F.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-451-8639-2428
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (C.L.); (M.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- School of measurement and communication engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (X.Y.); (J.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Jianying Fan
- School of measurement and communication engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (X.Y.); (J.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Yanling Xiong
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (C.L.); (M.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuqiang Yang
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (C.L.); (M.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Linjun Li
- School of measurement and communication engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (X.Y.); (J.F.); (L.L.)
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Zhu X, Xu J, Qin F, Yan Z, Guo A, Kan C. Highly efficient and stable transparent electromagnetic interference shielding films based on silver nanowires. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14589-14597. [PMID: 32614025 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03790g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with high optical transmittance and outstanding shielding effectiveness (SE) for optoelectronic devices in visual windows are urgently needed. Herein, we demonstrate the preparation of a transparent EMI shielding film based on silver nanowires (Ag NWs) via a facile Mayer-rod coating method. The electrical conductivity and transmittance of Ag NW-based films can be greatly improved through treatment with NaBH4 and the lamination of poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride). The coverage of the polymer decreases the surface roughness, with no damage on the uniform mesh of the Ag NWs. The Ag NW/PDDA composite films present a sheet resistance of 22 Ω sq-1 at a transmittance of 95.5%, better than that of commercial indium tin oxide (ITO). The excellent optoelectrical performance of the Ag NW/PDDA composite film is further ascertained by fitting the transmittance with the resistance, with a figure of merit of 443. The Ag NW/PDDA composite films in this study exhibit greatly improved stability during 25 °C/65% RH aging for 35 days with the assistance of the coverage layer. Moreover, the EMI SE of the Ag NW/PDDA composite films is 28 dB on average at a transmittance of 91.3%, and continuously increases to 31.3 dB while the optical transmittance is still maintained at 86.8%, which is superior to those of most reported transparent EMI shielding materials. Taken together, the excellent optical transmittance and EMI shielding performance of the Ag NW/PDDA composite film make it an outstanding transparent EMI shielding material in optoelectronic devices, such as aerospace equipment, medical devices, communication facilities, and electronic displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhong Zhu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
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Dinh T, Nguyen T, Phan HP, Nguyen NT, Dao DV, Bell J. Stretchable respiration sensors: Advanced designs and multifunctional platforms for wearable physiological monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 166:112460. [PMID: 32862846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Respiration signals are a vital sign of life. Monitoring human breath provides critical information for health assessment, diagnosis, and treatment for respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Stretchable and wearable respiration sensors have recently attracted considerable interest toward monitoring physiological signals in the era of real time and portable healthcare systems. This review provides a snapshot on the recent development of stretchable sensors and wearable technologies for respiration monitoring. The article offers the fundamental guideline on the sensing mechanisms and design concepts of stretchable sensors for detecting vital breath signals such as temperature, humidity, airflow, stress and strain. A highlight on the recent progress in the integration of variable sensing components outlines feasible pathways towards multifunctional and multimodal sensor platforms. Structural designs of nanomaterials and platforms for stretchable respiration sensors are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan Dinh
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Dzung Viet Dao
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - John Bell
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, 4350, Australia
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38
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Fang TC, Peng SY, Liao YC. Stretchable Polydimethylsiloxane Composites with Emulsified Ionic Materials and Thermochromic Applications. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9458-9464. [PMID: 32363298 PMCID: PMC7191857 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new preparation method is developed to include thermochromic complex ions in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a stretchable composite. Ethylene glycol (EG) droplets down to the nanometer scale were dispersed using a reverse micelle method to form a stable suspension in PDMS precursor solution. After curing, the EG nanodroplets were well encapsulated in the cured PDMS elastomer. The EG/PDMS composite exhibited great stability after thermal heating at 100 °C for 2 hours. The deformable liquid droplets helped maintaining the composite structures under severe stretching conditions, and thus the stretched composite exhibited great transparency without any fractures or delamination. Ionic dyes, such as methylene blue and Congo red, can be added in the EG droplets to color the composite. Moreover, complex ions with thermochromic properties can also be used in the composite. Upon thermal heating, the reconfiguration of the complex ions in the liquid dispersed phase led to obvious color changes, and the color remained unchanged up to 50% tensile strain after more than 1000 stretch cycles.
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Sundin J, Kokmanian K, Fu MK, Bagheri S, Hultmark M. A Soft Material Flow Sensor for Micro Air Vehicles. Soft Robot 2020; 8:119-127. [PMID: 32320328 PMCID: PMC8082728 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2019.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To control and navigate micro air vehicles (MAVs) efficiently, there is a need for small, lightweight, durable, sensitive, fast, and low-power airspeed sensors. When designing sensors to meet these requirements, soft materials are promising alternatives to more traditional materials due to the large deformations they can withstand. In this article, a new concept of a soft material flow sensor is presented based on elastic filament velocimetry, which fulfills all necessary criteria. This technique measures flow velocity by relating it to the strain of a soft ribbon suspended between two static supports and subjected to a flow of interest. The ribbon is manufactured from polydimethylsiloxane and can be made piezoresistive by the addition of silver nanowires. With the described manufacturing method, the sensor can be made using common laboratory tools, outside of a clean room, significantly reducing its complexity. Furthermore, it can be operated using a simple and lightweight circuit, making it a convenient alternative for MAVs. Using a piezoresistive material allows for the flow velocity to be calibrated to the resistance change of the strained ribbon. Although certain challenges remain unsolved, such as polymer creep, the sensor has demonstrated its ability to measure flow velocities down to 4 m/s in air through experiments. A time-dependent analytical model is also provided. The model shows that the current sensor has a bandwidth of 480 Hz. Most importantly, the sensitivity and the bandwidth of the sensor can be varied strictly by modifying the geometry and the material properties of the ribbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Sundin
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Linné FLOW Centre, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katherine Kokmanian
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Matthew K Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shervin Bagheri
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Linné FLOW Centre, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Hultmark
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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40
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Ag flake/silicone rubber composite with high stability and stretching speed insensitive resistance via conductive bridge formation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5036. [PMID: 32193483 PMCID: PMC7081184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High stability, stretchable speed insensitive properties, high stretchability, and electrical conductivity are key characteristics for the realisation of wearable devices. However, conventional research is mainly focused on achieving only high stretchability and electrical conductivity. Studies on the stability and stretching speed insensitive properties generally require complex fabrication processes, which are in need of further improvement. In this study, we propose a facile formation of a conductive bridge in composites by using surface damage and the viscoelastic property of the polymer. Surface cracks due to repeated stretching cycles formed conductive bridges via stress relaxation of the viscoelastic polymer matrix. The conductive bridge resulted in the conductor having highly stable resistance values at target strains and stretching speed insensitive resistance, even at stretching speeds that were 20 times faster than the minimum.
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41
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Zhang S, Li S, Xia Z, Cai K. A review of electronic skin: soft electronics and sensors for human health. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:852-862. [PMID: 31942905 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02531f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews several categories of electronic skins (e-skins) for monitoring signals involved in human health. It covers advanced candidate materials, compositions, structures, and integrate strategies of e-skin, focusing on stretchable and wearable electronics. In addition, this article further discusses the potential applications and expected development of e-skins. It is possible to provide a new generation of sensors which are able to introduce artificial intelligence to the clinic and daily healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shunbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education and Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, School of Optoelectronics Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Zengzilu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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42
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Wang Z, Jiao B, Qing Y, Nan H, Huang L, Wei W, Peng Y, Yuan F, Dong H, Hou X, Wu Z. Flexible and Transparent Ferroferric Oxide-Modified Silver Nanowire Film for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2826-2834. [PMID: 31852186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Transparent and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding film is highly desirable due to the fast-growing flexible electronics. A silver nanowire (Ag NW) film is considered to be an ideal candidate for a transparent and flexible EMI shielding film but suffers low EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) at high transparency and poor bending durability. Herein, we introduce ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) into a Ag NW film and demonstrate a robust EMI shielding film, which exhibits SE of 24.9 dB at 8.2 GHz and optical transparency of 90%. Fe3O4 exhibits roles of the improved absorption loss for electromagnetic radiation due to its high permeability, the enhanced reflection loss for electromagnetic radiation by increasing the conductivity of Ag NWs film, and the improved stability for the enhanced adhesion of the Ag NW EMI shielding film. Our work provides a facile method for high-performance transparent EMI shielding film, which exhibits great potential for protection for electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , No.28, Xianning West Road , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , No.28, Xianning West Road , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Yuchang Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China
| | - Hanyi Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China
| | - Linquan Huang
- Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Wei Wei
- Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Yao Peng
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , No.28, Xianning West Road , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , No.28, Xianning West Road , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Hua Dong
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , No.28, Xianning West Road , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Xun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , No.28, Xianning West Road , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , No.28, Xianning West Road , Xi'an 710049 , China
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43
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Yang G, Zhang YM, Cai Y, Yang B, Gu C, Zhang SXA. Advances in nanomaterials for electrochromic devices. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8687-8720. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review article systematically highlights the recent advances regarding the design, preparation, performance and application of new and unique nanomaterials for electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Yiru Cai
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Baige Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Chang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
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44
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Zhang Y, Kou K, Ji T, Huang Z, Zhang S, Zhang S, Wu G. Preparation of Ionic Liquid-Coated Graphene Nanosheets/PTFE Nanocomposite for Stretchable, Flexible Conductor via a Pre-Stretch Processing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 10:E40. [PMID: 31877983 PMCID: PMC7022427 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The various volume concentrations of ionic liquid-modified graphene nanosheets filled polytetrafluoroethylene nanocomposites (IL-GNs/PTFE) for flexible conductors were fabricated via a pre-stretch processing method after cold-press sintering. The results indicated that pre-stretching has no significant weakening in the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites, while the Young's modulus greatly reduced by 62.5%, which is more suitable for flexible conductors. This may be because the reduced conductivity by the destructive conductive pathway cancels out the enhanced conductivity by the increased interlamellar spacing of IL-GNs via a pre-stretch processing, and the nanocomposite exhibits a phase transition from two to three-phase (with the introduction of an air phase) during pre-stretching. It was also found that the tensile strength of the nanocomposites was enhanced by 42.9% and the elongation at break and thermal conductivity decreased slightly with the same filler content after pre-stretching. The electrical conductivity of the pre-stretched nanocomposites tended to stabilize at 5.5 × 10-2 s·m-1, when the volume content of the packings achieved a percolation threshold (1.49 vol%). Meanwhile, the electrical resistivity of the pre-stretched 3.0 vol% IL-GNs/PTFE nanocomposite was slightly reduced by 0.30%, 0.38%, and 0.87% respectively after 180° twisting, 180° bending, and 10% stretching strain for 1000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China; (Y.Z.); (K.K.); (T.J.); (S.Z.)
| | - Kaichang Kou
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China; (Y.Z.); (K.K.); (T.J.); (S.Z.)
| | - Tiezheng Ji
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China; (Y.Z.); (K.K.); (T.J.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zhengyong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400040, China
| | - Shuangcun Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China; (Y.Z.); (K.K.); (T.J.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China; (Y.Z.); (K.K.); (T.J.); (S.Z.)
| | - Guanglei Wu
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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45
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Kang S, Lee BY, Lee SH, Lee SD. High Resolution Micro-patterning of Stretchable Polymer Electrodes through Directed Wetting Localization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13066. [PMID: 31506474 PMCID: PMC6737050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A microarray of conducting polymer electrodes with high resolution and high pattern-fidelity is developed on a stretchable substrate through the directed wetting localization (DWL) by the differential hydrophobicity. The large difference in the surface energy between the wetting and dewetting regions serves as the major determinant of the pattern resolution and the pattern-fidelity, yielding the full surface coverage in the stretchable electrode array (SEA) with 30 μm in width. The electrical characteristics of the SEA are well preserved under different types of elastic deformations. All-solution-processed polymer light-emitting diodes (except for the cathode) based on our patterned stretchable electrodes show no appreciable degradation of the performance under stretching. The DWL provides a simple and effective way of building up diverse stretchable electrical and optoelectronic devices in advanced wearable and bio-integrated electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Kang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyung Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Doo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Yun TG, Park M, Kim DH, Kim D, Cheong JY, Bae JG, Han SM, Kim ID. All-Transparent Stretchable Electrochromic Supercapacitor Wearable Patch Device. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3141-3150. [PMID: 30779547 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable electrochromic supercapacitor systems are widely considered as promising multifunctional energy storage devices that eliminate the need for an external power source. Nevertheless, the performance of conventional designs deteriorates significantly as a result of electrode/electrolyte exposure to atmosphere as well as mechanical deformations for the case of flexible systems. In this study, we suggest an all-transparent stretchable electrochromic supercapacitor device with ultrastable performance, which consists of Au/Ag core-shell nanowire-embedded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), bistacked WO3 nanotube/PEDOT:PSS, and polyacrylamide (PAAm)-based hydrogel electrolyte. Au/Ag core-shell nanowire-embedded PDMS integrated with PAAm-based hydrogel electrolyte prevents Ag oxidation and dehydration while maintaining ionic and electrical conductivity at high voltage even after 16 days of exposure to ambient conditions and under application of mechanical strains in both tensile and bending conditions. WO3 nanotube/PEDOT:PSS bistacked active materials maintain high electrochemical-electrochromic performance even under mechanical deformations. Maximum specific capacitance of 471.0 F g-1 was obtained with a 92.9% capacity retention even after 50 000 charge-discharge cycles. In addition, high coloration efficiency of 83.9 cm2 C-1 was shown to be due to the dual coloration and pseudocapacitor characteristics of the WO3 nanotube and PEDOT:PSS thin layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Il-Doo Kim
- Advanced Nanosensor Research Center , KAIST Institute for Nanocentury , Daejeon 305-701 , Republic of Korea
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47
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Yin F, Lu H, Pan H, Ji H, Pei S, Liu H, Huang J, Gu J, Li M, Wei J. Highly Sensitive and Transparent Strain Sensors with an Ordered Array Structure of AgNWs for Wearable Motion and Health Monitoring. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2403. [PMID: 30787401 PMCID: PMC6382792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity and transparency are critical properties for flexible and wearable electronic devices, and how to engineer both these properties simultaneously is dramatically essential. Here, for the first time, we report the assembly of ordered array structures of silver nanowires (AgNWs) via a simple water-bath pulling method to align the AgNWs embedded on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Compared with sensors prepared by direct drop-casting or transfer-printing methods, our developed sensor represents a considerable breakthrough in both sensitivity and transparency. The maximum transmittance was 86.3% at a wavelength of 550 nm, and the maximum gauge factor was as high as 84.6 at a strain of 30%. This remarkably sensitive and transparent flexible sensor has strictly stable and reliable responses to motion capture and human body signals; it is also expected to be able to help monitor disabled physical conditions or assist medical therapy while ensuring privacy protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Center of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Huajun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Center of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Center of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China. .,Center of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Center of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Center of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Center of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Center of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Center of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wei
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 73 Nanyang Drive, 637662, Singapore, Singapore
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48
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Entifar SAN, Han JW, Lee DJ, Ramadhan ZR, Hong J, Kang MH, Kim S, Lim D, Yun C, Kim YH. Simultaneously enhanced optical, electrical, and mechanical properties of highly stretchable transparent silver nanowire electrodes using organic surface modifier. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:116-123. [PMID: 30815043 PMCID: PMC6383608 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1568750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new surface modifier which simultaneously improves electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of silver nanowire-based stretchable transparent electrodes. The transparent electrodes treated with 11-aminoundecanoic acid achieve a low sheet resistance of 26.0 ohm/sq and a high transmittance of 90% with an excellent stretchability. These improvements are attributed to the effective formation of a strong chemical bond between silver nanowire networks and elastomeric substrates by 11-aminoundecanoic acid treatment. The resistance change of the optimized silver nanowire/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin-films is only about 10% when the film is stretched by 120%. In addition, the chemical stability of stretchable silver nanowire films is significantly improved by the introduction of conductive PEDOT:PSS overcoat film. The optimized electrodes are utilized as high-performance stretchable transparent heaters, successfully illustrating its feasibility for future wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joo Won Han
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Lee
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Zeno Rizqi Ramadhan
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Hong
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Hee Kang
- Department of Electrical Energy Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Lim
- Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhun Yun
- Center for Nano-Photonics Convergence Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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49
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50
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Ray TR, Choi J, Bandodkar AJ, Krishnan S, Gutruf P, Tian L, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA. Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5461-5533. [PMID: 30689360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bio-integrated wearable systems can measure a broad range of biophysical, biochemical, and environmental signals to provide critical insights into overall health status and to quantify human performance. Recent advances in material science, chemical analysis techniques, device designs, and assembly methods form the foundations for a uniquely differentiated type of wearable technology, characterized by noninvasive, intimate integration with the soft, curved, time-dynamic surfaces of the body. This review summarizes the latest advances in this emerging field of "bio-integrated" technologies in a comprehensive manner that connects fundamental developments in chemistry, material science, and engineering with sensing technologies that have the potential for widespread deployment and societal benefit in human health care. An introduction to the chemistries and materials for the active components of these systems contextualizes essential design considerations for sensors and associated platforms that appear in following sections. The subsequent content highlights the most advanced biosensors, classified according to their ability to capture biophysical, biochemical, and environmental information. Additional sections feature schemes for electrically powering these sensors and strategies for achieving fully integrated, wireless systems. The review concludes with an overview of key remaining challenges and a summary of opportunities where advances in materials chemistry will be critically important for continued progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Ray
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Jungil Choi
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Amay J Bandodkar
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Limei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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