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Sudarshan K, Yarlagadda S, Sengupta S. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Diarylheptanoids. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400380. [PMID: 38744677 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for synthesizing biologically important natural products, medicinal chemists embark on an endless journey. This review focuses on the reports published towards the syntheses of diarylheptanoids, classifying them into linear, tetrahydropyran, diarylether, and biphenyl categories. The synthesis methods for each class from 2013 to 2023 are discussed, providing a comprehensive overview of the advancements in the field. Representative natural product examples are highlighted for each category. The review emphasizes the importance of diarylheptanoids in the realms of chemistry and medicine, showcasing their potential as valuable compounds for medicinal and synthetic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasireddy Sudarshan
- Kasireddy Sudarshan, Suresh Yarlagadda, Sagnik Sengupta, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA
| | - Suresh Yarlagadda
- Kasireddy Sudarshan, Suresh Yarlagadda, Sagnik Sengupta, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA
| | - Sagnik Sengupta
- Kasireddy Sudarshan, Suresh Yarlagadda, Sagnik Sengupta, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA
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Tadiparthi K, Chatterjee S. Synthetic Approaches to Diospongins: A Two Decade Journey. SYNOPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1720032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTetrahydropyran units having multiple stereogenic centers serve as excellent building blocks for various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In particular, the presence of the unique molecular architecture of the trisubstituted tetrahydropyran (THP) unit in diospongins enhances their biological activity due to multiple stereogenic centers and has attracted attention from the synthetic community over the last two decades. In this review, we discuss synthetic approaches to chiral and racemic forms of diospongins during the period 2006–2020 in chronological order.
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Kumar P, Kaur N, Kumar R, Banerjee P. α ,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls for One-Pot Transition-Metal-Free Access to 3,6-Dihydro-2 H-pyrans. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7167-7178. [PMID: 35579030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol has been developed for accessing mono-, di-, and trisubstituted 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran derivatives by simply subjecting α,β-unsaturated carbonyls to the carefully optimized Corey-Chaykovsky reaction conditions. The strategy provides selectively substituted dihydropyran derivatives in good to excellent yields with a broad substrate scope under very mild reaction conditions. Easy transformation of the final 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran to the valued 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one and tetrahydro-2H-pyran derivatives expanded the scope of this methodology to diverse oxacycles. Further, the developed strategy also found application in a two-step route to racemic goniothalamin, which is widely studied for its cytotoxic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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Alomari K, Sai Pavan Chakravarthy N, Duchadeau B, Ermanis K, Clarke PA. Enantioselective "clip-cycle" synthesis of di-, tri- and spiro-substituted tetrahydropyrans. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1181-1185. [PMID: 35044408 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00023g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ω-Unsaturated alcohols were "clipped" via alkene metathesis to a thioester activating group, which was followed by a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed intramolecular oxa-Michael cyclization to yield tetrahydropyrans and spiro-tetrahydropyrans with excellent enantioselectivity. The mechanism and origin of the enantioselectivity was probed by DFT calculations and kinetic isotope studies, where there was excellent correlation between the computational and synthetic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadra Alomari
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorks, YO10 5DD, UK. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bastien Duchadeau
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorks, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Kristaps Ermanis
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorks, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Zhang D, Chen Y, Cai H, Yin L, Zhong J, Man J, Zhang QF, Bethi V, Tanaka F. Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Oxindole-Derived δ-Hydroxy-β-ketoesters by Aldol Reactions. Org Lett 2020; 22:6-10. [PMID: 31746616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Direct asymmetric synthesis of δ-hydroxy-β-ketoesters was accomplished via regio- and enantioselective aldol reactions of β-ketoesters with isatins catalyzed by cinchona alkaloid thiourea derivatives. The C-C bond formation of the reactions occurred only at the γ-position of the β-ketoesters. Reaction progress monitoring and product stability analyses under the conditions that included the catalyst indicated that the γ-position reaction products were formed kinetically. Various δ-hydroxy-β-ketoesters bearing 3-alkyl-3-hydroxyoxindole cores relevant to the development of bioactive molecules were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry , Anhui University of Technology , No. 59 Hudong Road , Ma'anshan , Anhui 243002 , China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry , Anhui University of Technology , No. 59 Hudong Road , Ma'anshan , Anhui 243002 , China
| | - Hu Cai
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry , Anhui University of Technology , No. 59 Hudong Road , Ma'anshan , Anhui 243002 , China
| | - Lei Yin
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry , Anhui University of Technology , No. 59 Hudong Road , Ma'anshan , Anhui 243002 , China
| | - Junchao Zhong
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry , Anhui University of Technology , No. 59 Hudong Road , Ma'anshan , Anhui 243002 , China
| | - Jingjing Man
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry , Anhui University of Technology , No. 59 Hudong Road , Ma'anshan , Anhui 243002 , China
| | - Qian-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry , Anhui University of Technology , No. 59 Hudong Road , Ma'anshan , Anhui 243002 , China
| | - Venkati Bethi
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit , Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , 1919-1 Tancha , Onna , Okinawa 904-0495 , Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit , Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , 1919-1 Tancha , Onna , Okinawa 904-0495 , Japan
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Bharath Y, Choudhury UM, Sadhana N, Mohapatra DK. The Mukaiyama type aldol reaction for the synthesis of trans-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans: synthesis of diospongin A and B. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9169-9181. [PMID: 31595914 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01549c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis protocol for the preparation of trans-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans by the reaction of 1-phenyl-1-triemthylsiloxyethylene with six membered cyclic hemiacetals in the presence of iodine is developed. This reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions employing a catalytic amount of molecular iodine. The feature of this novel conversion includes milder reaction conditions, broader substrate scope, functional group tolerance and good diastereoselectivity. The efficiency and practicality of the current method were successfully displayed in the total synthesis of diospongin A and B in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yada Bharath
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
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Pu Q, Tang X, Gao L, Song Z. Three-component reaction to synthesize E-vinyl silyl anti-1,2-diols via sequential [1,4]-O-to-O/[1,4]-C-to-O silyl migrations. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A three-component reaction of geminal bis(silyl) allyl silyl ether, aldehyde and electrophile has been developed to synthesize trisubstituted E-vinyl silyl anti-1,2-diols. The approach features a sequential [1,4]-O-to-O/[1,4]-C-to-O silyl migrations process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Pu
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Lu Gao
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
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Griggs SD, Thompson N, Tape DT, Fabre M, Clarke PA. A Two-Step Synthesis of 2-Spiropiperidines. Chemistry 2017; 23:9262-9265. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Griggs
- Department of Chemistry; University of York, Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Nathan Thompson
- Department of Chemistry; University of York, Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Daniel T. Tape
- Flexible Discovery Unit; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Marie Fabre
- Department of Chemistry; University of York, Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Paul A. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry; University of York, Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
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Cooper DA, Robbins E, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, O'Brien M. Furanyl Cyclic Ethers: Single and Double Diastereoselectivity in the Synthesis of 2,4-Di and 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Tetrahydropyrans. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3441-3455. [PMID: 28244750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Combining the desymmetrization of a prochiral bis-hydroxymethyl group with the epimerization of a chiral furanyl ether in a single transformation, high levels of double diastereoselectivity have been achieved in a synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted tetrahydropyrans, which proceeds under thermodynamic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A Cooper
- Lennard-Jones Building, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University , Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Emma Robbins
- Lennard-Jones Building, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University , Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Simon J Coles
- National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Matthew O'Brien
- Lennard-Jones Building, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University , Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K
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Ermanis K, Hsiao YT, Kaya U, Jeuken A, Clarke PA. The stereodivergent formation of 2,6- cis and 2,6- trans-tetrahydropyrans: experimental and computational investigation of the mechanism of a thioester oxy-Michael cyclization. Chem Sci 2017; 8:482-490. [PMID: 28451195 PMCID: PMC5298201 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03478k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational and synthetic studies have elucidated the origins of stereodivergence in an oxy-Michael synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans.
The origins of the stereodivergence in the thioester oxy-Michael cyclization for the formation of 4-hydroxy-2,6-cis- or 2,6-trans-substituted tetrahydropyran rings under different conditions was investigated both computationally and experimentally. Synthetic studies showed that the 4-hydroxyl group was essential for stereodivergence. When the 4-hydroxyl group was present, TBAF-mediated conditions gave the 2,6-trans-tetrahydropyran and trifluoroacetic acid-mediated conditions gave the 2,6-cis-tetrahydropyran. This stereodivergence vanished when the hydroxyl group was removed or protected. Computational studies revealed that: (i) the trifluoroacetic acid catalysed formation of 2,6-cis-tetrahydropyrans was mediated by a trifluoroacetate-hydroxonium bridge and proceeded via a chair-like transition state; (ii) the TBAF-mediated formation of 2,6-trans-tetrahydropyrans proceeded via a boat-like transition state, where the 4-hydroxyl group formed a crucial hydrogen bond to the cyclizing alkoxide; (iii) both reactions are under kinetic control. The utility of this stereodivergent approach for the formation of 4-hydroxy-2,6-substituted tetrahydropyran rings has been demonstrated by the total syntheses of the anti-osteoporotic natural products diospongin A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristaps Ermanis
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington , York , North Yorkshire YO10 5DD , UK .
| | - Yin-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington , York , North Yorkshire YO10 5DD , UK .
| | - Uğur Kaya
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington , York , North Yorkshire YO10 5DD , UK .
| | - Alan Jeuken
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington , York , North Yorkshire YO10 5DD , UK .
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington , York , North Yorkshire YO10 5DD , UK .
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