1
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Liang RX, Zhang YP, Zhang JH, Gong YN, Huang B, Wang BJ, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Engineering thiol-ene click chemistry for the preparation of a chiral stationary phase based on a [4+6]-type homochiral porous organic cage for enantiomeric separation in normal-phase and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1711:464444. [PMID: 37837712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new chiral stationary phase (CSP) was fabricated by covalent bonding of a [4+6]-type homochiral porous organic cage (POC) CC19-R onto thiolated silica via a thiol-ene click reaction. The CC19-R was synthesized via Schiff-base reaction between 2-hydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde and (1R, 2R)-(-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. The enantioseparation capability of the resulting CC19-R-based CSP was systematically evaluated upon separating various chiral compounds or chiral pharmaceuticals in normal phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) and reversed phase HPLC (RP-HPLC), including alcohols, organic acids, ketones, diols, esters, and amines. Fifteen racemates were enantioseparated in NP-HPLC and 11 racemates in RP-HPLC. Some racemates have been well separated, such as 4-chlorobenzhydrol, cetirizine (in the form of dihydrochloride), 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediol, and 3-(benzyloxy)propane-1,2-diol whose resolution values reached 3.66, 4.23, 6.50, and 3.50, respectively. When compared with a previously reported chiral POC-based column (NC1-R column), eight racemates were not separated on the NC1-R column in NP-HPLC and five racemates were not separated in RP-HPLC, but were well resolved on this column, revealing that the enantioselectivity and separable range of chiral POCs-type columns could be significantly widened using this fabricated CC19-R column. Moreover, the resolution performance of the CC19-R column was also compared with commercial Chiralpak AD-H [CSP: Amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)] and Chiralcel OD-H [CSP: Cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)] columns. The column also can separate some racemates that could not be separated or not well be separated by the two commercial columns, showing its good complementarity to the two commercial columns on chiral separation. In addition, the column also had good stability and reproducibility with the relative standard deviation (n = 5) of the retention time and resolution lower than 1.0% and 1.8%, respectively, after it had undergone multiple injections (100, 200, 300, and 400 times). This work indicated that the features of good resolution ability and simple synthesis methods using with this POC-based CSP provided chiral POCs with potential application prospects in HPLC racemic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - You-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Ya-Nan Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
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2
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Gong YN, Ma QY, Wang Y, Zhang JH, Zhang YP, Liang RX, Wang BJ, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Preparation of Chiral Porous Organic Cage Clicked Chiral Stationary Phase for HPLC Enantioseparation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073235. [PMID: 37049997 PMCID: PMC10096354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous organic cages (POCs) are a new subclass of porous materials, which are constructed from discrete cage molecules with permanent cavities via weak intermolecular forces. In this study, a novel chiral stationary phase (CSP) has been prepared by chemically binding a [4 + 6]-type chiral POC (C120H96N12O4) with thiol-functionalized silica gel using a thiol-ene click reaction and applied to HPLC separations. The column packed with this CSP presented good separation capability for chiral compounds and positional isomers. Thirteen racemates have been enantioseparated on this column, including alcohols, diols, ketones, amines, epoxides, and organic acids. Upon comparison with a previously reported chiral POC NC1-R-based column, commercial Chiralpak AD-H, and Chiralcel OD-H columns, this column is complementary to these three columns in terms of its enantiomeric separation; and can also separate some racemic compounds that cannot be separated by the three columns. In addition, eight positional isomers (iodoaniline, bromoaniline, chloroaniline, dibromobenzene, dichlorobenzene, toluidine, nitrobromobenzene, and nitroaniline) have also been separated. The influences of the injection weight and column temperature on separation have been explored. After the column has undergone multiple injections, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the retention time and selectivity were below 1.0 and 1.5%, respectively, indicating the good reproducibility and stability of the column for separation. This work demonstrates that POCs are promising materials for HPLC separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qi-Yu Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - You-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rui-Xue Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
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3
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Xu T, Wu B, Li Y, Zhu Y, Sheng F, Ge L, Li X, Xu T. Insight into Ion Transport in Discrete Frameworks of Porous Organic Cage Membranes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Yanran Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Fangmeng Sheng
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Liang Ge
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Xingya Li
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
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Al Kelabi D, Dey A, Alimi LO, Piwoński H, Habuchi S, Khashab NM. Photostable polymorphic organic cages for targeted live cell imaging. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7341-7346. [PMID: 35799823 PMCID: PMC9214840 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00836j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent microscopy is a powerful tool for studying the cellular dynamics of biological systems. Small-molecule organic fluorophores are the most commonly used for live cell imaging; however, they often suffer from low solubility, limited photostability and variable targetability. Herein, we demonstrate that a tautomeric organic cage, OC1, has high cell permeability, photostability and selectivity towards the mitochondria. We further performed a structure–activity study to investigate the role of the keto–enol tautomerization, which affords strong and consistent fluorescence in dilute solutions through supramolecular self-assembly. Significantly, OC1 can passively diffuse through the cell membrane directly targeting the mitochondria without going through the endosomes or the lysosomes. We envisage that designing highly stable and biocompatible self-assembled fluorophores that can passively diffuse through the cell membrane while selectively targeting specific organelles will push the boundaries of fluorescent microscopy to visualize intricate cellular processes at the single molecule level in live samples. In this article, we demonstrate the relatively unexplored potential of organic cages for use in targeted live cell imaging and highlight the importance of inter- and intramolecular interactions to stabilize and improve the performance of fluorophores.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Al Kelabi
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Avishek Dey
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lukman O Alimi
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hubert Piwoński
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Satoshi Habuchi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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5
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Preparation and application of porous organic cage capillary electrochromatographic chiral column. Se Pu 2022; 40:391-398. [PMID: 35362687 PMCID: PMC9404018 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.07004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
多孔有机笼(POCs)是一种新型的具有稳定有序三维空腔结构的多孔材料。通过2-羟基-1,3,5-均苯三甲醛与1R,2R-1,2-二苯基乙二胺发生席夫碱的缩合反应,合成了一种具有羟基功能基团的单一手性POCs材料;将其均匀涂敷在毛细管壁上制成色谱柱,利用电色谱柱成功拆分了二氢黄酮、吡喹酮、萘普生和3,5-二硝基-N-(1-苯乙基)苯甲酰胺4种手性化合物。探究了分离电压、缓冲溶液浓度及其pH值等因素对手性拆分的影响,获得了4种手性物质在POCs色谱柱上的最佳拆分条件。实验研究表明,二氢黄酮、吡喹酮、萘普生和3,5-二硝基-N-(1-苯乙基)苯甲酰胺获得优化分离效果所需的工作电压分别为13、14、14和12 kV;二氢黄酮适宜Tris-H3PO4缓冲溶液浓度为0.075 mol/L,吡喹酮、萘普生和3,5-二硝基-N-(1-苯乙基)苯甲酰胺适宜Tris-H3PO4缓冲溶液浓度为0.100 mol/L; 4种手性物质得到最佳分离效果时的pH值均为3.51。二氢黄酮、吡喹酮、萘普生和3,5-二硝基-N-(1-苯乙基)苯甲酰胺均达到基线分离,分离度分别为2.99、2.10、2.58和3.59。该POCs色谱柱还成功拆分了o,m,p-碘苯胺、o,m,p-硝基苯胺两种位置异构体。该研究表明POCs手性电色谱柱具有良好的手性识别能力,是一种优秀的手性分离材料,具有很大的电色谱手性分离应用前景。
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6
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Dai C, Gu B, Tang SP, Deng PH, Liu B. Fluorescent porous organic cage with good water solubility for ratiometric sensing of gold(III) ion in aqueous solution. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Uhrmacher F, Elbert SM, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Synthesis of Large [2+3] Salicylimine Cages with Embedded Metal‐Salphen Units. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Uhrmacher
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sven M. Elbert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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8
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Chaudhry MT, Soto MA, Lelj F, MacLachlan MJ. Diverse binding of cationic guests by highly substituted [3 + 3] Schiff-base macrocycles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01568g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Schiff-base macrocycles interact with ammonium-based guests to form threaded pseudorotaxanes or unthreaded external complexes, and tautomerize in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A. Soto
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Francesco Lelj
- La.M.I. and LaSSCAM INSTM Sezione Basilicata
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università della Basilicata
- 85100 Potenza
- Italy
| | - Mark J. MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada V6T 1Z1
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute
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9
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Zhang L, Jin Y, Tao G, Gong Y, Hu Y, He L, Zhang W. Desymmetrized Vertex Design toward a Molecular Cage with Unusual Topology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Guo‐Hong Tao
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Yiming Hu
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Ling He
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
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10
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Yuan YD, Dong J, Liu J, Zhao D, Wu H, Zhou W, Gan HX, Tong YW, Jiang J, Zhao D. Porous organic cages as synthetic water channels. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4927. [PMID: 33004793 PMCID: PMC7530991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has protein channels (e.g., aquaporins) that preferentially transport water molecules while rejecting even the smallest hydrated ions. Aspirations to create robust synthetic counterparts have led to the development of a few one-dimensional channels. However, replicating the performance of the protein channels in these synthetic water channels remains a challenge. In addition, the dimensionality of the synthetic water channels also imposes engineering difficulties to align them in membranes. Here we show that zero-dimensional porous organic cages (POCs) with nanoscale pores can effectively reject small cations and anions while allowing fast water permeation (ca. 109 water molecules per second) on the same magnitude as that of aquaporins. Water molecules are found to preferentially flow in single-file, branched chains within the POCs. This work widens the choice of water channel morphologies for water desalination applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Di Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinqiao Dong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daohui Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Wu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-6102, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-6102, USA
| | - Hui Xian Gan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore, NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), 117411, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore, NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), 117411, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore, Singapore.
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11
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Zhang L, Jin Y, Tao G, Gong Y, Hu Y, He L, Zhang W. Desymmetrized Vertex Design toward a Molecular Cage with Unusual Topology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20846-20851. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Guo‐Hong Tao
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Yiming Hu
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Ling He
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
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12
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Li HX, Xie TP, Xie SM, Wang BJ, Zhang JH, Yuan LM. Enantiomeric Separation on a Homochiral Porous Organic Cage-Based Chiral Stationary Phase by Gas Chromatography. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Li HX, Xie TP, Yan KQ, Xie SM, Wang BJ, Zhang JH, Yuan LM. A hydroxyl-functionalized homochiral porous organic cage for gas chromatographic separations. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:269. [PMID: 32291536 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A hydroxyl-functionalized homochiral porous organic cage (POC) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), MALDI-TOF-MS, and elemental analysis. The synthesized homochiral POC was used as stationary phase to prepare a capillary gas chromatography (GC) column by a static coating method. The fabricated column shows excellent selectivity not only for the separation of positional isomers but also for the resolution of various racemates. Thirty-nine racemates have been resolved on the column, including alcohols, diols, halohydrocarbons, epoxides, esters, lactones, ketones, ethers, and organic acids. Compared to the commercial β-DEX 120 column and previously reported chiral POCs (CC3-R, CC9, and CC10)-coated columns, there are 11, 10, 24, and 15 tested racemates that cannot be resolved on β-DEX 120 column, CC3-R column, CC9 column, and CC10 column, respectively. This reveals that the fabricated column has prominent complementarity or superior separation performance to these columns in enantioseparation. Besides, the fabricated column can achieve some enantioseparations which are not possible using all previously reported chiral POC-based columns. Some positional isomers (xylenes, dichlorobenzenes, dibromobenzenes, nitrochlorobenzenes, and nitrobromobenzenes) were also separated with high-resolution values. The column exhibits good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of retention times were 0.03-0.18%, 0.11-0.92%, and 2.1-6.6% for run-to-run (n = 5), day-to-day (n = 5), and column-to-column (n = 3), respectively. The experimental results demonstrate the great potential of POCs for practical application in GC. Graphical Abstract A hydroxyl-functionalized homochiral porous organic cage was used as stationary phase for gas chromatography separation of racemates and positional isomers. The resolution of racemates mainly depended on hydrogen bonding, π-interaction, host-guest inclusion, steric fit, etc., while separation of positional isomers by shape-selective guest binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Peng Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qian Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Urbani M, Torres T. A Constrained and "Inverted" [3+3] Salphen Macrocycle with an ortho-Phenylethynyl Substitution Pattern. Chemistry 2020; 26:1683-1690. [PMID: 31821617 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A [3+3] Schiff-base salphen macrocycle (7 a) was synthesized by imine condensation between ortho-phenylenediamine and ortho-phenylethynyl-bridged bis(5-salicylaldehyde) precursors. The triangular-shaped macrocycle 7 a has a nonclassical (or "inverted") design in which the N2 O2 coordination pockets are located at the sides instead of the corners. Compound 7 a could be synthesized in a reasonably good yield (64 %) considering the steric constraints imposed by the ortho substitution pattern. Subsequent zinc metalation afforded the corresponding Zn metallomacrocycle 7 b. Spectroscopic experiments evidenced weak (7 a) to strong (7 b) self-aggregation behavior in solution. Their ability to self-organize at the supramolecular level was further studied in the solid state by AFM and TEM, which revealed the formation of large bundles of fibers with lengths of several micrometers and widths of nanometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Teng B, Little MA, Hasell T, Chong SY, Jelfs KE, Clowes R, Briggs M, Cooper AI. Synthesis of a Large, Shape-Flexible, Solvatomorphic Porous Organic Cage. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2019; 19:3647-3651. [PMID: 31303868 PMCID: PMC6614879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Porous organic cages have emerged over the last 10 years as a subclass of functional microporous materials. However, among all of the organic cages reported, large multicomponent organic cages with 20 components or more are still rare. Here, we present an [8 + 12] porous organic imine cage, CC20, which has an apparent surface area up to 1752 m2 g-1, depending on the crystallization and activation conditions. The cage is solvatomorphic and displays distinct geometrical cage structures, caused by crystal-packing effects, in its crystal structures. This indicates that larger cages can display a certain range of shape flexibility in the solid state, while remaining shape persistent and porous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Teng
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Marc A. Little
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Michael
E. Briggs
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
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16
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Chen GJ, Xin WL, Wang JS, Cheng JY, Dong YB. Visible-light triggered selective reduction of nitroarenes to azo compounds catalysed by Ag@organic molecular cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3586-3589. [PMID: 30775727 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a new Ag nanoparticle (Ag NP) loaded organic molecular cage is reported. The obtained Ag@1 can act as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the selective reduction of nitroarenes to azo compounds under visible-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Jun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, China.
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17
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Ng CK, Toh RW, Lin TT, Luo HK, Hor TSA, Wu J. Metal-salen molecular cages as efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for cycloaddition of CO 2 with epoxides under ambient conditions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1549-1554. [PMID: 30809373 PMCID: PMC6357855 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05019h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A salen based molecular cage, salen@cage, was synthesized and complexed with Co and Al to yield metal-salen molecular cages, Co(ii)@cage, Co(iii)@cage and Al(iii)@cage. These cages were demonstrated to be efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 with styrene oxide, achieving full conversion at 25 °C and 1 atm CO2. Good to excellent yields of various cyclic carbonates were also achieved under mild conditions. Al(iii)@cage can be reused up to five times without any significant loss of its high catalytic activity. The capability to access a variety of heterogeneous organometallic catalysts with salen@cage offers new prospects for practical CO2 utilization and chemical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Koon Ng
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543 , Singapore . ;
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , Agency for Science, Technology and Research , #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis , Singapore 138634 , Singapore
| | - Ren Wei Toh
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543 , Singapore . ;
| | - Ting Ting Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , Agency for Science, Technology and Research , #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis , Singapore 138634 , Singapore
| | - He-Kuan Luo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , Agency for Science, Technology and Research , #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis , Singapore 138634 , Singapore
| | - T S Andy Hor
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543 , Singapore . ;
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18
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Jiang S, Du Y, Marcello M, Corcoran EW, Calabro DC, Chong SY, Chen L, Clowes R, Hasell T, Cooper AI. Core-Shell Crystals of Porous Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11228-11232. [PMID: 29888555 PMCID: PMC6120484 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of core-shell porous molecular crystals are described. The physical properties of the core-shell crystals, such as surface hydrophobicity, CO2 /CH4 selectivity, are controlled by the chemical composition of the shell. This shows that porous core-shell molecular crystals can exhibit synergistic properties that out-perform materials built from the individual, constituent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Yi Du
- Corporate Strategic ResearchExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company1545 U.S. Highway 22AnnandaleNJ08801USA
| | - Marco Marcello
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Edward W. Corcoran
- Corporate Strategic ResearchExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company1545 U.S. Highway 22AnnandaleNJ08801USA
| | - David C. Calabro
- Corporate Strategic ResearchExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company1545 U.S. Highway 22AnnandaleNJ08801USA
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
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19
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Kwit M, Grajewski J, Skowronek P, Zgorzelak M, Gawroński J. One‐Step Construction of the Shape Persistent, Chiral But Symmetrical Polyimine Macrocycles. CHEM REC 2018; 19:213-237. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kwit
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced TechnologiesA. Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89C 61 614 Poznań Poland
| | - Jakub Grajewski
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
| | - Paweł Skowronek
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
| | - Mikołaj Zgorzelak
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
| | - Jacek Gawroński
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced TechnologiesA. Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89C 61 614 Poznań Poland
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20
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21
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Janiak A, Kwit M, Barbour LJ. An unexpected relationship between solvent inclusion and gas sorption properties of chiral calixsalen solids. Supramol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1427865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
- Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT), Poznan, Poland
| | - Leonard J. Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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22
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23
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Hu XY, Zhang WS, Rominger F, Wacker I, Schröder RR, Mastalerz M. Transforming a chemically labile [2+3] imine cage into a robust carbamate cage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8616-8619. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03677a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Turning a pH labile porous cage into a highly pH stable porous organic cage by fixation with carbamate units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Hu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Wen-Shan Zhang
- Center for Advanced Materials
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Irene Wacker
- Center for Advanced Materials
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Rasmus R. Schröder
- Center for Advanced Materials
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- Cell Networks
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- Center for Advanced Materials
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