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Kim SY, Park YL, Ji HE, Lee HS, Chang HJ, Bang GH, Lee JH. High-purity 1,2-dimyristoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: synthesis and emulsifying performance evaluation. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1408937. [PMID: 39045285 PMCID: PMC11265155 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1408937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) is a promising emulsifier for bioactive delivery systems, but its industrial applications are limited by the lack of cost-effective and scalable synthetic routes. The purpose of this study was to economically produce high-purity DMPC by replacing commonly used column chromatography methods and to evaluate the emulsifying performance. Methods DMPC was synthesized from sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine using Steglich esterification followed by sequential recrystallization from ethyl acetate and acetone. The structure of DMPC was identified and its purity was confirmed using various spectroscopy and chromatography techniques. The emulsifying performance was evaluated by examining the effects of storage on the properties of o/w emulsions prepared using soybean oil with (i) soy PC, (ii) soy PC + DMPC (1:1, w/w), and (iii) DMPC as emulsifiers. Results The chemical impurities formed during the synthesis of DMPC was removed, and its final purity was 96%, and the melt transition temperature was 37.6°C. No visible difference between the three emulsions (soy PC, soy PC+DMPC, and DMPC) was observed during two-week storage, and the DMPC-based emulsion was more stable than soy PC emulsion, showing smaller particle size distribution during 6 months. Discussion The highly pure DMPC was synthesized by an economical method, and DMPC-based emulsions demonstrated physicochemical stable, highlighting its potential for food and pharmaceutical industry-related applications. Our findings suggest that DMPC holds promise as an emulsifier with broad applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Lim Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Ji
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Se Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jun Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Hee Bang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Hee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-Si, Republic of Korea
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Nyssen N, Ajami D, Ardelean A, Desroches F, Li J, Luhmer M, Reinaud O, Jabin I. Closing a Calix[6]arene-Based Funnel Zn 2+ Complex at Its Large Rim Entrance: Consequences on Metal Ion Affinity and Host-Guest Properties. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12075-12083. [PMID: 34409837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A molecular capsule based on a calix[6]arene core closed at the small rim by a three-point coordinated metal ion and at the large rim by a three-point covalent capping is described. It is derived from a trisimidazole funnel complex capped by a trenamide unit that prevents in/out exchange of guest molecules through the large rim. A detailed comparative study with three different calixarenes provides a unique opportunity for (i) comparing the binding ability of two different coordination sites in well three-dimensional (3D)-structured macrocyclic receptors and (ii) evaluating the impact of a covalent closing of one rim of a funnel receptor while the other rim is closed by weaker coordination bonds. Indeed, this study allowed for highlighting various interesting new features. It is first shown that the trenamide site can bind a metal ion such as Zn2+ by itself. This involves a 1:1 coordination of the metal ion to the three carbonyl groups of the amide functions, which undergo trans-to-cis isomerization and are partially embedded in the calix core. When the trisimidazole core is present, the Zn2+ ion preferentially binds at the small rim, thus closing the cavity. Guest ligand exchange must then occur through a decoordination/recoordination process of the metal ion. The modification and rigidification of the calixarene conformation induced by the large rim capping strengthen the metal ion coordination at the small rim. This also leads to a selective metallo-receptor that readily binds EtNH2 under conditions where PrNH2 is not recognized at all. The increased rigidity of the receptor, however, weakens the host-guest interactions, precluding important induced-fit behaviors that are at work in the parent, large rim opened, funnel complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Nyssen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Daniela Ajami
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrien Ardelean
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florent Desroches
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Luhmer
- Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/08, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivia Reinaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Herschede SR, Gneid H, Dent T, Jaeger EB, Lawson LB, Busschaert N. Bactericidal urea crown ethers target phosphatidylethanolamine membrane lipids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3838-3843. [PMID: 33949594 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00263e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of people are infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria each year, sometimes with fatal consequences. In this manuscript, we report a novel urea-functionalized crown ether that can bind to the bacterial lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), facilitate PE flip-flop and displays antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus cereus with a minimum inhibitory concentration comparable to that of the known PE-targeting lantibiotic duramycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Herschede
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
| | - Hassan Gneid
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
| | - Taylor Dent
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
| | - Ellen B Jaeger
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
| | - Louise B Lawson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Nathalie Busschaert
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
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Dihomooxacalix[4]arene-Based Fluorescent Receptors for Anion and Organic Ion Pair Recognition. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204708. [PMID: 33066580 PMCID: PMC7587342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent dihomooxacalix[4]arene-based receptors 5a-5c, bearing two naphthyl(thio)ureido groups at the lower rim via a butyl spacer, were synthesised and obtained in the cone conformation in solution. The X-ray crystal structures of 1,3- (5a) and 3,4-dinaphthylurea (5b) derivatives are reported. Their binding properties towards several anions of different geometries were assessed by 1H-NMR, UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence titrations. Structural and energetic insights of the naphthylurea 5a and 5b complexes were also obtained using quantum mechanical calculations. The data showed that all receptors follow the same trend, the association constants increase with the anion basicity, and the strongest complexes were obtained with F-, followed by the oxoanions AcO- and BzO-. Proximal urea 5b is a better anion receptor compared to distal urea 5a, and both are more efficient than thiourea 5c. Compounds 5a and 5b were also investigated as heteroditopic receptors for biologically relevant alkylammonium salts, such as the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA·HCl) and the betaine deoxycarnitine·HCl. Chiral recognition towards the guest sec-butylamine·HCl was also tested, and a 5:2 selectivity for (R)-sec-BuNH3+·Cl- towards (P) or (M) enantiomers of the inherently chiral receptor 5a was shown. Based on DFT calculations, the complex [(S)-sec-BuNH3+·Cl-/(M)-5a] was indicated as the more stable.
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Alfonso I, Solà J. Molecular Recognition of Zwitterions with Artificial Receptors. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:986-994. [PMID: 32017445 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Many biomolecules exist as internal ion pairs or zwitterions within a biologically relevant pH range. Despite their importance, the molecular recognition of this type of systems is specially challenging due to their strong solvation in aqueous media, and their trend to form folded or self-assembled structures by pairing of charges of different sign. In this Minireview, we will discuss the molecular recognition of zwitterions using non-natural, synthetic receptors. This contribution does not intend to make a full in-depth revision of the existing research in the field, but a personal overview with selected representative examples from the recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Alfonso
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia Jordi, Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Solà
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia Jordi, Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Bahojb Noruzi E, Kheirkhahi M, Shaabani B, Geremia S, Hickey N, Asaro F, Nitti P, Kafil HS. Design of a Thiosemicarbazide-Functionalized Calix[4]arene Ligand and Related Transition Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Studies. Front Chem 2019; 7:663. [PMID: 31649917 PMCID: PMC6794423 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a new thiosemicarbazide-functionalized calix[4]arene L and its Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ transition metal complexes. For characterization several techniques were employed: Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, 15N-NMR, correlation spectroscopy (COZY), nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY), electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and elemental analysis. To explore the capability of the thiosemicarbazide function hosted on a calix[4]arene scaffold for growth inhibition of bacteria, fungi, and cancerous tumor cells, a series of biological evaluations were performed. For L, the antimicrobial tests revealed a higher antibacterial activity against gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and a lower activity against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), whereas the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus shows resistance. All examined metal derivatives show an enhancement of the antibacterial activity against gram-negative E. coli bacteria, with a more significant improvement for the Ni2+ and Zn2+ complexes. MTT assays showed a considerable in vitro anticancer activity of Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ complexes against Saos-2 bone cancer cell lines. The activity is ascribable to the inorganic ions rather than calixarene ligand. Hemolysis assay results demonstrated that all compounds have high blood compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Bahojb Noruzi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kheirkhahi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shaabani
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fioretta Asaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nitti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zuo W, Jia C, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Yang XJ, Wu B. Selective recognition of choline phosphate by tripodal hexa-urea receptors with dual binding sites: crystal and solution evidence. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2483-2488. [PMID: 30881678 PMCID: PMC6385852 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04338h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two tripodal hexa-urea receptors functionalized with aromatic terminal groups are capable of binding choline phosphate (CP). Crystal structures of the host-guest complexes reveal that the zwitterion CP is efficiently encapsulated in the tripodal hosts in a dual-site binding mode. The phosphate tail of CP is coordinated by the urea groups and the quaternary ammonium head is bound in a 'composite aromatic box' through cation-π and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Such a partial aromatic binding environment for the Me3N-+ cation mimics that of most enzymes catalyzing the conversion of quaternary ammonium substrates. Moreover, NMR, ESI-MS, and fluorescence studies demonstrate the selective binding and sensing of CP over other competing species such as ADP, ATP, choline and derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China . ;
| | - Chuandong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China . ;
| | - Huizheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China . ;
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China . ;
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China . ;
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China . ;
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Zhao R, Jie K, Zhou Y, Li E, Liu J, Huang F. Clip[4]arene: synthesis, rigid acyclic C-shaped structure, and redox-controlled host–guest complexation. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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De Simone NA, Schettini R, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Izzo I, Della Sala G, Neri P. Directing the Cation Recognition Ability of Calix[4]arenes toward Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessandro De Simone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Rosaria Schettini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
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De Rosa M, La Manna P, Soriente A, Gaeta C, Talotta C, Hickey N, Geremia S, Neri P. A Simple Tetraminocalix[4]arene as a Highly Efficient Catalyst under "On-Water" Conditions through Hydrophobic Amplification of Weak Hydrogen Bonds. Chemistry 2017; 23:7142-7151. [PMID: 28346722 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The simple tetraminocalix[4]arene 1, which contains weak H-bond-donor NH2 groups, is reported to be a highly efficient organocatalyst for the Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction (VMAR) of 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)furan 5 with α-ketoesters 6 a-l under "on-water" conditions owing to the hydrophobic amplification of weak H-bond interactions. The catalytic efficiency of calixarene catalyst 1 was shown to be closely related to its recognition abilities towards the reactants 5 and 6 through a multipoint recognition model. The proposed model provided good explanations for the differences on the reaction rate acceleration and on the stereoselectivity observed with different substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Pellegrino La Manna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
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