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Zhang JJ, Qin FY, Cheng YX. Insights into Ganoderma fungi meroterpenoids opening a new era of racemic natural products in mushrooms. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1221-1266. [PMID: 38204140 DOI: 10.1002/med.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma meroterpenoids (GMs) containing 688 structures to date were discovered to have multiple remarkable biological activities. 65.6% of meroterpenoids featuring stereogenic centers from Ganoderma species are racemates. Further, GMs from different Ganoderma species seem to have their own characteristics. In this review, a comprehensive summarization of GMs since 2000 is presented, including GM structures, structure corrections, biological activities, physicochemical properties, total synthesis, and proposed biosynthetic pathways. Additionally, we especially discuss the racemic nature, species-related structural distribution, and structure-activity relationship of GMs, which will provide a likely in-house database and shed light on future studies on GMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fu-Ying Qin
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Peng XR, Unsicker SB, Gershenzon J, Qiu MH. Structural diversity, hypothetical biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, and biological activity of Ganoderma meroterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1354-1392. [PMID: 37051770 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00006k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2018 to 2022Meroterpenoids found in fungal species of the genus Ganoderma and known as Ganoderma meroterpenoids (GMs) are substances composed of a 1,2,4-trisubstituted benzene and a polyunsaturated side chain. These substances have attracted the attention of chemists and pharmacologists due to their diverse structures and significant bioactivity. In this review, we present the structures and possible biosynthesis of representative GMs newly found from 2018 to 2022, as well as chemical synthesis and biological activity of some interesting GMs. We propose for the first time a plausible biosynthetic pathway for GMs, which will certainly motivate further research on the biosynthetic pathway in Ganoderma species, as well as on chemical synthesis of GMs as important bioactive compounds for the purpose of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Sybille B Unsicker
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
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3
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Fuloria NK, Raheja RK, Shah KH, Oza MJ, Kulkarni YA, Subramaniyan V, Sekar M, Fuloria S. Biological activities of meroterpenoids isolated from different sources. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:830103. [PMID: 36199687 PMCID: PMC9527340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.830103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meroterpenoids are natural products synthesized by unicellular organisms such as bacteria and multicellular organisms such as fungi, plants, and animals, including those of marine origin. Structurally, these compounds exhibit a wide diversity depending upon the origin and the biosynthetic pathway they emerge from. This diversity in structural features imparts a wide spectrum of biological activity to meroterpenoids. Based on the biosynthetic pathway of origin, these compounds are either polyketide-terpenoids or non-polyketide terpenoids. The recent surge of interest in meroterpenoids has led to a systematic screening of these compounds for many biological actions. Different meroterpenoids have been recorded for a broad range of operations, such as anti-cholinesterase, COX-2 inhibitory, anti-leishmanial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-bacterial, antimalarial, anti-viral, anti-obesity, and insecticidal activity. Meroterpenoids also possess inhibitory activity against the expression of nitric oxide, TNF- α, and other inflammatory mediators. These compounds also show renal protective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activities. The present review includes literature from 1999 to date and discusses 590 biologically active meroterpenoids, of which 231 are from fungal sources, 212 are from various species of plants, and 147 are from marine sources such as algae and sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaushal H. Shah
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Manisha J. Oza
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Yogesh A. Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shivkanya Fuloria,
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4
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Meng L, Liu H, Lin Z, Wang J. Synthetic and Computational Study of the Enantioselective [3+2]-Cycloaddition of Chromones with MBH Carbonates. Org Lett 2022; 24:5890-5895. [PMID: 35925800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient and straightforward access to enantioenriched five-membered ring-fused chromanones is developed via [3+2]-cycloaddition of 3-cyanochromones with Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates. Densely functionalized chiral cyclopenta[b]chromanones with three continuous quaternary and tertiary stereogenic carbon centers were obtained in high yields with high ee and dr (≤97% yield, 97% ee, and >20:1 dr). Moreover, density functional theory calculations have been carried out to investigate the mechanism and regio- and diastereoselectivity of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Heyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
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Richardson AD, Vogel TR, Traficante EF, Glover KJ, Schindler CS. Total Synthesis of (+)‐Cochlearol B by an Approach Based on a Catellani Reaction and Visible‐Light‐Enabled [2+2] Cycloaddition**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201213. [PMID: 35417620 PMCID: PMC9401860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair D. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Trenton R. Vogel
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Emily F. Traficante
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Kason J. Glover
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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6
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Schindler CS, Richardson AD, Vogel TR, Traficante EF, Glover KJ. Total Synthesis of (+)‐Cochlearol B by an Approach Based on a Catellani Reaction and Visible‐Light‐Enabled [2+2] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Bera N, Samanta S, Sarkar D. Stereoselective Synthesis of Oxacycles via Ruthenium-Catalyzed Atom-Economic Coupling of Propargyl Alcohols and Michael Acceptors. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16369-16395. [PMID: 34735155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of β-hydroxyenones and its application toward development of tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one in an atom-economic fashion is limited. This manuscript describes a ruthenium-catalyzed atom-economic coupling of pent-2-yne-1,5-diols and Michael acceptors as an efficient route for the synthesis of β-hydroxyenones with excellent yields and high regioselectivity. The β-hydroxyenones further undergo a 6-endo trig cyclization under acid-catalyzed conditions to deliver the tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-ones with high diastereoselectivity. An intramolecular aldol condensation under mild basic conditions and palladium-catalyzed oxidative aromatization was developed for the synthesis of hexahydro-6H-isochromen-6-ones and isochromanols, respectively, from highly substituted tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-ones with excellent yield and diastereoselectivity. Overall, this work demonstrates the synthetic potential toward the synthesis of oxacycles like tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-ones, hexahydro-6H-isochromen-6-ones, and isochromanols via an atom-economic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabakumar Bera
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela769008, India
| | - Shantanu Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela769008, India
| | - Debayan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela769008, India
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8
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Zhao YM, Zhang F. Divergent Total Syntheses of Six Ganoderma Meroterpenoids: A Bioinspired Two-Phase Strategy. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We briefly highlight our recent work on the total synthesis of six Ganoderma phenolic meroterpenoids: ganocins A–C, ganocochlearins A–D, and cochlearol T. Critical to this success was a bioinspired two-phase strategy that featured an early-stage rapid construction of a common planar tricyclic intermediate and late-stage highly selective transformations of this intermediate into various Ganoderma meroterpenoids. Key steps of the synthesis include a biomimetic ortho-quinone methide intramolecular hetero-Diels–Alder reaction, a Stahl-type oxidative aromatization, a nucleophilic dearomatization of a phenol, a regioselective 1,4-reduction of a dienone, a site-selective Mukaiyama hydration, and an intramolecular oxa-Michael addition/triflation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University
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Shao H, Gao X, Wang Z, Gao Z, Zhao Y. Divergent Biomimetic Total Syntheses of Ganocins A–C, Ganocochlearins C and D, and Cochlearol T. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xiaonan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Zhong‐Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Yu‐Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
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10
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Shao H, Gao X, Wang Z, Gao Z, Zhao Y. Divergent Biomimetic Total Syntheses of Ganocins A–C, Ganocochlearins C and D, and Cochlearol T. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7419-7424. [PMID: 32096300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xiaonan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Zhong‐Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Yu‐Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
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11
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Mouriès-Mansuy V, Fensterbank L. Gold-Catalyzed Migration of Propargyl Acetate as an Entry into the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Mouriès-Mansuy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
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12
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Tugny C, Khaled O, Derat E, Goddard JP, Mouriès-Mansuy V, Fensterbank L. Gold(i)-catalyzed access to neomerane skeletons. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The gold(i) catalyzed cycloisomerization of an enynyl propargylic ester, featuring a 1,2-acyloxy migration/intramolecular cyclopropanation sequence, opens a straightforward access to the 5,7,3-tricyclic skeleton of neomerane sesquiterpenes. The first total synthesis of 5-epi-valeneomerin B in 12 steps with an overall yield of 5.3% is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Tugny
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- UPMC CNRS 8232
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
- France
| | - Omar Khaled
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- UPMC CNRS 8232
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
- France
| | - Etienne Derat
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- UPMC CNRS 8232
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
- France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA4566
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse
- F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | | | - Louis Fensterbank
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- UPMC CNRS 8232
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
- France
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Luo Q, Wang Z, Luo JF, Tu ZC, Cheng YX. (±)-Applanatumines B–D: novel dimeric meroterpenoids from Ganoderma applanatum as inhibitors of JAK3. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04862a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Applanatumines B–D (1–3), three pairs of dimeric meroterpenoid enantiomers featuring the presence of a 6-oxo-4,4a,5,5a,6,8,8a,8b-octahydrofuro[3′,4′:4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-b]pyran-3-carbaldehyde structure core, were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Kunming 650204
- People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhen Wang
- Drug Discovery Pipeline
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Guangzhou 510530
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Feng Luo
- Drug Discovery Pipeline
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Guangzhou 510530
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Chao Tu
- Drug Discovery Pipeline
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Guangzhou 510530
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Kunming 650204
- People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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