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Orduna L, Otaegi I, Aranburu N, Guerrica-Echevarría G. Effect of the Simultaneous Addition of Polycaprolactone and Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical, Electrical, and Adhesive Properties of Epoxy Resins Cured with Ionic Liquids. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1607. [PMID: 37050221 PMCID: PMC10097337 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrically-conductive epoxy nanocomposites (NCs) with improved mechanical and adhesive properties were achieved through the combined addition of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Three different ionic liquids (ILs) were used as dual role agents, i.e., as both curing and dispersing agents. Regardless of the IL used, the epoxy/PCL matrix of the NCs showed a single-phase behaviour and similar glass transition (Tg) and crosslinking density (νe) values to the unfilled epoxy/PCL/IL systems. Although the CNTs were more poorly dispersed in the epoxy/PCL/CNT/IL NCs than in the reference epoxy/CNT/IL NCs, which led to slightly lower electrical conductivity values, the epoxy/PCL/CNT/IL NCs were still semiconductive. Their low-strain mechanical properties (i.e., flexural modulus and flexural strength) were similar or better than those of the reference epoxy/IL systems and their high-strain mechanical properties (i.e., deformation at break and impact strength) were significantly better. In addition, the positive effects of the PCL and the CNTs on the adhesive properties of the epoxy/IL system were combined. The substitution of ILs for traditional amine-based curing agents and biodegradable PCL for part of the epoxy resin represents an important advance on the road towards greater sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Guerrica-Echevarría
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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Mohd Nurazzi N, Asyraf M, Khalina A, Abdullah N, Sabaruddin FA, Kamarudin SH, Ahmad S, Mahat AM, Lee CL, Aisyah HA, Norrrahim MNF, Ilyas RA, Harussani MM, Ishak MR, Sapuan SM. Fabrication, Functionalization, and Application of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Composite: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1047. [PMID: 33810584 PMCID: PMC8037012 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel class of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based nanomaterials has been surging since 1991 due to their noticeable mechanical and electrical properties, as well as their good electron transport properties. This is evidence that the development of CNT-reinforced polymer composites could contribute in expanding many areas of use, from energy-related devices to structural components. As a promising material with a wide range of applications, their poor solubility in aqueous and organic solvents has hindered the utilizations of CNTs. The current state of research in CNTs-both single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced polymer composites-was reviewed in the context of the presently employed covalent and non-covalent functionalization. As such, this overview intends to provide a critical assessment of a surging class of composite materials and unveil the successful development associated with CNT-incorporated polymer composites. The mechanisms related to the mechanical, thermal, and electrical performance of CNT-reinforced polymer composites is also discussed. It is vital to understand how the addition of CNTs in a polymer composite alters the microstructure at the micro- and nano-scale, as well as how these modifications influence overall structural behavior, not only in its as fabricated form but also its functionalization techniques. The technological superiority gained with CNT addition to polymer composites may be advantageous, but scientific values are here to be critically explored for reliable, sustainable, and structural reliability in different industrial needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norizan Mohd Nurazzi
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - M.R.M. Asyraf
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Abdan Khalina
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Norli Abdullah
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Athiyah Sabaruddin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hasnah Kamarudin
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia; (S.H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - So’bah Ahmad
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia; (S.H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Annie Maria Mahat
- Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia;
| | - Chuan Li Lee
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - H. A. Aisyah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
- Research Center for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia;
| | - M. M. Harussani
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - M. R. Ishak
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
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Norizan MN, Moklis MH, Ngah Demon SZ, Halim NA, Samsuri A, Mohamad IS, Knight VF, Abdullah N. Carbon nanotubes: functionalisation and their application in chemical sensors. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43704-43732. [PMID: 35519676 PMCID: PMC9058486 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09438b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been recognised as a promising material in a wide range of applications, from safety to energy-related devices. However, poor solubility in aqueous and organic solvents has hindered the utilisation and applications of carbon nanotubes. As studies progressed, the methodology for CNTs dispersion was established. The current state of research in CNTs either single wall or multiwall/polymer nanocomposites has been reviewed in context with the various types of functionalisation presently employed. Functionalised CNTs have been playing an increasingly central role in the research, development, and application of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials and systems. The extremely high surface-to-volume ratio, geometry, and hollow structure of nanomaterials are ideal for the adsorption of gas molecules. This offers great potential applications, such as in gas sensor devices working at room temperature. Particularly, the advent of CNTs has fuelled the invention of CNT-based gas sensors which are very sensitive to the surrounding environment. The presence of O2, NH3, NO2 gases and many other chemicals and molecules can either donate or accept electrons, resulting in an alteration of the overall conductivity. Such properties make CNTs ideal for nano-scale gas-sensing materials. Conductive-based devices have already been demonstrated as gas sensors. However, CNTs still have certain limitations for gas sensor application, such as a long recovery time, limited gas detection, and weakness to humidity and other gases. Therefore, the nanocomposites of interest consisting of polymer and CNTs have received a great deal of attention for gas-sensing application due to higher sensitivity over a wide range of gas concentrations at room temperature compared to only using CNTs and the polymer of interest separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nurazzi Norizan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Harussani Moklis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Siti Zulaikha Ngah Demon
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Norhana Abdul Halim
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Alinda Samsuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Imran Syakir Mohamad
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Norli Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Braga NF, Ding H, Sun L, Passador FR. Antistatic packaging based on
PTT
/
PTT‐
g
‐MA
/
ABS
/
MWCNT
nanocomposites: Effect of the chemical functionalization of
MWCNTs. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Ferreira Braga
- Department of Science and Technology, Polymer and Biopolymer Technology Laboratory (TecPBio) Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Hao Ding
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Luyi Sun
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Fabio Roberto Passador
- Department of Science and Technology, Polymer and Biopolymer Technology Laboratory (TecPBio) Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
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N. P, Cole IS, Kuznetsov AE, Justin Thomas KR. Experimental and DFT studies of carbon nanotubes covalently functionalized with an imidazole derivative for electrochemical stability and green corrosion inhibition as a barrier layer on the nickel alloy surface in a sulphuric acidic medium. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38677-38686. [PMID: 35540188 PMCID: PMC9076095 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08123b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel-based alloys are used for various applications such as in automobiles, superalloys and ship making. Their stability in acidic environments, however, is often not sufficient due to their native oxide films not withstanding harsh conditions. Carbon-based materials, in contrast, have shown high stability in acidic environments. In the present work, 4,5-diphenyl-imidazole-functionalized carbon nanotubes were investigated as a corrosion-inhibiting barrier layer on nickel alloy surfaces. We studied the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the imidazole-functionalized carbon nanotubes coated on nickel alloys. The materials were characterized using microscopy and spectroscopy methods. DFT studies were performed as well. The corrosion inhibition was evaluated using electrochemical methods. The imidazole-functionalized CNTs were shown to be crystalline and to have tubular structures. They displayed excellent corrosion inhibition on the nickel alloy surface. (A) The electrostatic interaction of a functionalized carbon material with a 111 nickel surface, (B) the OPT structure of 4,5-DPM + CNT, and (C) 4,5-DPIM + CNT material chemisorbed on a 111 nickel alloy surface.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan N.
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Central University of Gujarat
- India
| | - I. S. Cole
- Advance Manufacturing and Fabrication Research and Innovation
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - A. E. Kuznetsov
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Campus Vitacura
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
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