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Du NH, Xiong RL, Zhu TT, Liu XY, Zhang JZ, Fu J, Wang HL, Lou HX, Cheng AX. Efficient Production of Flavonoid Glucuronides in Escherichia coli Using Flavonoid O-Glucuronosyltransferases Characterized from Marchantia polymorpha. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:228-237. [PMID: 38266493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
As a model liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha contains various flavone glucuronides with cardiovascular-promoting effects and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the related glucuronosyltransferases have not yet been reported. In this study, two bifunctional UDP-glucuronic acid/UDP-glucose:flavonoid glucuronosyltransferases/glucosyltransferases, MpUGT742A1 and MpUGT736B1, were identified from M. polymorpha. Extensive enzymatic assays found that MpUGT742A1 and MpUGT736B1 exhibited efficient glucuronidation activity for flavones, flavonols, and flavanones and showed promiscuous regioselectivity at positions 3, 6, 7, 3', and 4'. These enzymes catalyzed the production of a variety of flavonoid glucuronides with medicinal value, including apigenin-7-O-glucuronide and scutellarein-7-O-glucuronide. With the use of MpUGT736B1, apigenin-4'-O-glucuronide and apigenin-7,4'-di-O-glucuronide were prepared by scaled-up enzymatic catalysis and structurally identified by NMR spectroscopy. MpUGT742A1 also displayed glucosyltransferase activity on the 7-OH position of the flavanones using UDP-glucose as the sugar donor. Furthermore, we constructed four recombinant strains by combining the pathway for increasing the UDP-glucuronic acid supply with the two novel UGTs MpUGT742A1 and MpUGT736B1. When apigenin was used as a substrate, the extracellular apigenin-4'-O-glucuronide and apigenin-7,4'-di-O-glucuronide production obtained from the Escherichia coli strain BB2 reached 598 and 81 mg/L, respectively. Our study provides new candidate genes and strategies for the biosynthesis of flavonoid glucuronides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Hong Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Rui-Lin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jiao-Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Ren J, Barton CD, Zhan J. Engineered production of bioactive polyphenolic O-glycosides. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108146. [PMID: 37028465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds (such as quercetin and resveratrol) possess potential medicinal values due to their various bioactivities, but poor water solubility hinders their health benefits to humankind. Glycosylation is a well-known post-modification method to biosynthesize natural product glycosides with improved hydrophilicity. Glycosylation has profound effects on decreasing toxicity, increasing bioavailability and stability, together with changing bioactivity of polyphenolic compounds. Therefore, polyphenolic glycosides can be used as food additives, therapeutics, and nutraceuticals. Engineered biosynthesis provides an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach to generate polyphenolic glycosides through the use of various glycosyltransferases (GTs) and sugar biosynthetic enzymes. GTs transfer the sugar moieties from nucleotide-activated diphosphate sugar (NDP-sugar) donors to sugar acceptors such as polyphenolic compounds. In this review, we systematically review and summarize the representative polyphenolic O-glycosides with various bioactivities and their engineered biosynthesis in microbes with different biotechnological strategies. We also review the major routes towards NDP-sugar formation in microbes, which is significant for producing unusual or novel glycosides. Finally, we discuss the trends in NDP-sugar based glycosylation research to promote the development of prodrugs that positively impact human health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Caleb Don Barton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA.
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3
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Wang Y, Yang X, Chen P, Yang S, Zhang H. Homologous overexpression of genes in Cordyceps militaris improves the production of polysaccharides. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110452. [PMID: 34399454 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The maximum yield of EPS produced by mutant CM-pgm-H was 4.63 ± 0.23 g/L, whereas the yield of wild-type strain was 3.43 ± 0.26 g/L. In addition, the data obtained in the present study indicated that the yield of EPS produced by the engineered strain treated with the co-overexpression of phosphoglucomutase and UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase genes achieved 6.11 ± 0.21 g/L, which was increased by 78.13% compared with that by the wild-type strain. CM-pgm-H obtained the highest EPS content than that of gk, ugp, and ugdh mutants. This result indicated that the content of protein phosphoglucomutase was an important influencing factor on the CP production of C. militaris. Furthermore, the EPS production of CM-ugdh-pgm-M was significantly improved by 1.78-fold by co-overexpression. Therefore, our engineering strategies will play an important role in the development of C. militaris for the sustainable production of Cordyceps polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- The College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yang
- The College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- The College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Yang
- The College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, People's Republic of China.
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Adiji OA, Docampo-Palacios ML, Alvarez-Hernandez A, Pasinetti GM, Wang X, Dixon RA. UGT84F9 is the major flavonoid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in Medicago truncatula. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1617-1637. [PMID: 33694362 PMCID: PMC8133618 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian phase II metabolism of dietary plant flavonoid compounds generally involves substitution with glucuronic acid. In contrast, flavonoids mainly exist as glucose conjugates in plants, and few plant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes have been identified to date. In the model legume Medicago truncatula, the major flavonoid compounds in the aerial parts of the plant are glucuronides of the flavones apigenin and luteolin. Here we show that the M. truncatula glycosyltransferase UGT84F9 is a bi-functional glucosyl/glucuronosyl transferase in vitro, with activity against a wide range of flavonoid acceptor molecules including flavones. However, analysis of metabolite profiles in leaves and roots of M. truncatula ugt84f9 loss of function mutants revealed that the enzyme is essential for formation of flavonoid glucuronides, but not most flavonoid glucosides, in planta. We discuss the use of plant UGATs for the semi-synthesis of flavonoid phase II metabolites for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubu A Adiji
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Maite L Docampo-Palacios
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Anislay Alvarez-Hernandez
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10029
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
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Pu X, He C, Yang Y, Wang W, Hu K, Xu Z, Song J. In Vivo Production of Five Crocins in the Engineered Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1160-1168. [PMID: 32216376 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Crocins are highly valuable medicinal compounds for treating human disorders, and they also serve as spices and coloring agents. However, the supply of crocins from plant extractions is insufficient for current demands, and using synthetic biology to produce crocins remains a big challenge. Here, we report the in vivo production of five types of crocins in E. coli with GjUGT94E13 and GjUGT74F8, which are responsible for the glycosylation of crocetin, from the crocin-producing plant Gardenia jasminoides. Subsequently, native UDP-glucose biosynthesis in E. coli is strengthened by the overexpression of pgm and galU. The optimization of catalytic reactions has demonstrated that 50 mM NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4 buffer (pH 8.0) plus 5% glucose is the best medium to use for the efficient glycosylation of crocetin. In engineered E. coli, the conversion rate of crocin III and crocin V from crocetin (50 mg/L) by the catalysis of GjUGT74F8 was increased to 66.1%, and the conversion rate of five types of crocins from crocetin (50 mg/L) via GjUGT94E13 and GjUGT74F8 was 59.6%, much higher than the catalytic activity of the reported microbial UGTs. This study not only sheds light on the in vivo biosynthesis of crocins in E. coli, but also provides important genetic tools for the de novo synthesis of crocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Pu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunnian He
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kaizhi Hu
- Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing, 408435, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, 666100, China
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Liu AJ, Xie KB, Liu YY, Sui SY, Chen RD, Chen DW, Liu JM, Yang L, Dai JG. Biosynthesis of polyketides by two type III polyketide synthases from Aloe barbadensis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:434-443. [PMID: 31791147 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1674287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Various bioactive polyketides have been found in Aloe barbadensis. However, the polyketide synthases (PKSs), which participate in biosynthesis of polyketides in A. barbadensis remain unknown. In this study, two type III PKSs (AbPKS1 and AbPKS2) were identified from A. barbadensis. AbPKS1 and AbPKS2 were able to utilize malonyl-CoA to yield heptaketides (TW93a and aloesone) and octaketides (SEK4 and SEK4b), respectively. AbPKS1 also exhibited catalytic promiscuity in recognizing CoA thioesters of aromatics to produce unusual polyketides. What Is more, a whole cell biocatalysis system with the capability of producing 26.4 mg/L of SEK4/SEK4b and 2.1 mg/L of aloesone was successfully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jing Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke-Bo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Song-Yang Sui
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ri-Dao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Da-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ji-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun-Gui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Efficient Biocatalytic Preparation of Rebaudioside KA: Highly Selective Glycosylation Coupled with UDPG Regeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6230. [PMID: 32277148 PMCID: PMC7148340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rebaudioside KA is a diterpene natural sweetener isolated in a trace amount from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana. Selective glycosylation of rubusoside, a natural product abundantly presented in various plants, is a feasible approach for the biosynthesis of rebaudioside KA. In this study, bacterial glycosyltransferase OleD was identified to selectively transfer glucose from UDPG to 2′-hydroxyl group with a β-1,2 linkage at 19-COO-β-D-glucosyl moiety of rubusoside for the biosynthesis of rebaudioside KA. To eliminate the use of UDPG and improve the productivity, a UDPG regeneration system was constructed as an engineered Escherichia coli strain to couple with the glycosyltransferase. Finally, rubusoside at 22.5 g/L (35.0 mM) was completely converted to rebaudioside KA by the whole cells without exogenous addition of UDPG. This study provides an efficient and scalable method for highly selective biosynthesis of rebaudioside KA.
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Low-Level Organic Solvents Improve Multienzyme Whole-Cell Catalytic Synthesis of Myricetin-7-O-Glucuronide. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multienzyme whole-cell biocatalysts are preferred in industrial applications, and two major concerns regarding the use of these biocatalysts, cell viability and cell membrane integrity, must be addressed. In this work, the transformation of myricetin to myricetin-7-O-glucuronide catalyzed by an engineered Escherichia coli strain was taken as the model reaction to examine the impacts of low-level organic solvents on whole-cell biocatalysis. Low-level organic solvents (2%, v/v) showed a significant increase (roughly 13-fold) in myricetin-7-O-glucuronide yields. No obvious compromises of cellular viability and integrity were observed by a flow cytometry assay or in the determination of extracellular protein leakage, suggesting the addition of low-level organic solvents accommodates whole E. coli cells. Furthermore, a scaled-up reaction was conducted to test the capability and efficiency of whole-cell catalysis in the presence of organic solvents. This study presents a promising and simple means to enhance the productivity of multienzyme whole-cell catalysis without losing the barrier functions of the cell membrane.
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Yue T, Chen R, Chen D, Liu J, Xie K, Dai J. Enzymatic Synthesis of Bioactive O-Glucuronides Using Plant Glucuronosyltransferases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6275-6284. [PMID: 31083910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many O-glucuronides exhibiting various pharmacological activities have been found in nature and in drug metabolism. The glucuronidation of bioactive natural products or drugs to generate glucuronides with better activity and druggability is important in drug discovery and research. In this study, by using two uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glucuronosyltransferases (GATs, UGT88D4 and UGT88D7) from plants, we developed two glucuronidation approaches, pure enzyme catalysis in vitro and recombinant whole-cell catalysis in vivo, to efficiently synthesize bioactive O-glucuronides by the glucuronidation of natural products. In total, 14 O-glucuronides with different structures, including flavonoids, anthraquinones, coumarins, and lignans, were obtained, 7 of which were new compounds. Furthermore, one of the biosynthesized O-glucuronides, kaempferol-7- O-β-d-glucuronide (3a), potently inhibited protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B with an IC50 value of 8.02 × 10-6 M. Some of the biosynthesized O-glucuronides also exhibited significant antioxidant activities.
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Yang Y, Liu M, Zhang W, Cao Y, Li C, Wang W. Identification and Characterization of Two New 1- O-Acyl-glucose-ester Forming Glucosyltransferases from Erigeron breviscapus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2848-2855. [PMID: 30821967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two versatile UDP-glucosyltransferases, UGT75L25 and UGT75X1, were isolated from Erigeron breviscapus. The enzymes display high sequence identity to flavonoid 7- O-glucosyltransferase from Malus species and cluster to the phylogenetic group L of plant glucosyltransferases, also involved in the formation of hydroxycinnamoyl glucose esters, which are used as bifunctional donors in the glucosylation or acylation of anthocyanins. The enzymes, functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, exhibit broad substrate specificity toward 21 structurally diverse types of phenolic acids, including (hydroxy)cinnamates, vanillic acid, 3-hydroxycoumarin, and 7-hydroxyflavonoids. The catalytic characteristics of UGT75L25 and UGT75X1 were exploited to generate the corresponding acyl-glucose-esters or glucosides with high efficiency. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of acyl-glucose-esters in the further enzymatic synthesis of bioactive anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the Peoplés Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Minzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the Peoplés Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the Peoplés Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Yunsong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the Peoplés Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Changkun Li
- Beijing Branch , Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd. , Beijing 100020 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health Commission of the Peoplés Republic of China, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
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Wang ZL, Wang S, Kuang Y, Hu ZM, Qiao X, Ye M. A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and flavonoid biosynthesis of Scutellaria baicalensis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:465-484. [PMID: 31070530 PMCID: PMC6292351 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1492620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) is a popular medicinal plant. Its roots are used as the famous traditional Chinese medicine Huang-Qin, which is recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia, and British Pharmacopoeia. OBJECTIVE This review comprehensively summarizes research progress in phytochemistry, pharmacology, and flavonoid biosynthesis of S. baicalensis. METHODS English and Chinese literature from 1973 to March 2018 was collected from databases including Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, Elsevier, Baidu Scholar (Chinese), and CNKI (Chinese). Scutellaria baicalensis, chemical constituents, phytochemistry, biological activities, and biosynthesis were used as the key words. RESULTS A total of 126 small molecules (1-126) and 6 polysaccharides have been isolated from S. baicalensis. The small molecules can be classified into four structural types, namely, free flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, and other small molecules. Extracts of S. baicalensis and its major chemical constituents have been reported to possess anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. Key steps in the biosynthetic pathways of Scutellaria flavonoids have also been summarized. CONCLUSIONS This article could be helpful for researchers who are interested in the chemical constituents, bioactivities, biosynthesis, and clinical applications of S. baicalensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- CONTACT Min Ye State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing100191, China
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Chen D, Chen R, Xie K, Yue T, Zhang X, Ye F, Dai J. Biocatalytic C-Glucosylation of Coumarins Using an Engineered C-Glycosyltransferase. Org Lett 2018; 20:1634-1637. [PMID: 29470079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of coumarin C-glucosides by an engineered C-glycosyltransferase, MiCGTb-GAGM, was explored in vitro and in vivo. MiCGTb-GAGM exhibited a robust C-glucosylation capability toward structurally diverse coumarin derivatives. The whole-cell bioconversion of MiCGTb-GAGM was exploited for large-scale production of coumarin C-glucosides. Two C-glucosides exhibited potent SGLT2 inhibitory activities with IC50 values at 10-6 M. These findings provide cost-effective and practical synthetic strategies to generate structurally diverse and novel bioactive coumarin C-glycosides for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Ridao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Kebo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Tian Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Fei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Jungui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
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Docampo M, Olubu A, Wang X, Pasinetti G, Dixon RA. Glucuronidated Flavonoids in Neurological Protection: Structural Analysis and Approaches for Chemical and Biological Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7607-7623. [PMID: 28789524 PMCID: PMC5954986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Both plant and mammalian cells express glucuronosyltransferases that catalyze glucuronidation of polyphenols such as flavonoids and other small molecules. Oral administration of select polyphenolic compounds leads to the accumulation of the corresponding glucuronidated metabolites at μM and sub-μM concentrations in the brain, associated with amelioration of a range of neurological symptoms. Determining the mechanisms whereby botanical extracts impact cognitive wellbeing and psychological resiliency will require investigation of the modes of action of the brain-targeted metabolites. Unfortunately, many of these compounds are not commercially available. This article describes the latest approaches for the analysis and synthesis of glucuronidated flavonoids. Synthetic schemes include both standard organic synthesis, semisynthesis, enzymatic synthesis and use of synthetic biology utilizing heterologous enzymes in microbial platform organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Docampo
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Adiji Olubu
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Giulio Pasinetti
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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