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Patel M, Avashthi G, Gacem A, Alqahtani MS, Park HK, Jeon BH. A Review of Approaches to the Metallic and Non-Metallic Synthesis of Benzimidazole (BnZ) and Their Derivatives for Biological Efficacy. Molecules 2023; 28:5490. [PMID: 37513362 PMCID: PMC10384041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are significant lead drug candidates based on their various structure-activity relationships (SAR), and their use in pharmaceutics is constantly developing. Benzimidazole (BnZ) is synthesized by a condensation reaction between benzene and imidazole. The BnZ structure consists of two nitrogen atoms embedded in a five-membered imide ring which is fused with a benzene ring. This review examines the conventional and green synthesis of metallic and non-metallic BnZ and their derivatives, which have several potential SARs, along with a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tubercular, and anti-protozoal properties. These compounds have been proven by pharmacological investigations to be efficient against different strains of microbes. Therefore, in this review, the structural variations of BnZ are listed along with various applications, predominantly related to their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Patel
- School of Sciences, P P Savani University, NH 8, GETCO, Near Biltech, Dhamdod, Kosamba, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Gopal Avashthi
- School of Sciences, P P Savani University, NH 8, GETCO, Near Biltech, Dhamdod, Kosamba, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955 Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria;
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Bioimaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Cîrcu V, Ganea CP, Secu M, Manaila-Maximean D, Marinescu GC, Popescu RG, Pasuk I. Columnar Liquid Crystals of Copper(I) Complexes with Ionic Conductivity and Solid State Emission. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104196. [PMID: 37241937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two neutral copper(I) halide complexes ([Cu(BTU)2X], X = Cl, Br) were prepared by the reduction of the corresponding copper(II) halides (chloride or bromide) with a benzoylthiourea (BTU, N-(3,4-diheptyloxybenzoyl)-N'-(4-heptadecafluorooctylphenyl)thiourea) ligand in ethanol. The two copper(I) complexes show a very interesting combination of 2D supramolecular structures, liquid crystalline, emission, and 1D ionic conduction properties. Their chemical structure was ascribed based on ESI-MS, elemental analysis, IR, and NMR spectroscopies (1H and 13C), while the mesomorphic behavior was analyzed through a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). These new copper(I) complexes have mesomorphic properties and exhibit a hexagonal columnar mesophase over a large temperature range, more than 100 K, as evidenced by DSC studies and POM observations. The thermogravimetric analysis (TG) indicated a very good thermal stability of these samples up to the isotropization temperatures and over the whole temperature range of the liquid crystalline phase existence. Both complexes displayed a solid-state emission with quantum yields up to 8% at ambient temperature. The electrical properties of the new metallomesogens were investigated by variable temperature dielectric spectroscopy over the entire temperature range of the liquid crystalline phase. It was found that the liquid crystal phases favoured anhydrous proton conduction provided by the hydrogen-bonding networks formed by the NH…X moieties (X = halide or oxygen) of the benzoylthiourea ligand in the copper(I) complexes. A proton conductivity of 2.97 × 10-7 S·cm-1 was achieved at 430 K for the chloro-complex and 1.37 × 10-6 S·cm-1 at 440K for the related bromo-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Cîrcu
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Bld., Sector 5, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin P Ganea
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihail Secu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Doina Manaila-Maximean
- Department of Physics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Spl. Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str., 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Roua Gabriela Popescu
- Asociația Independent Research, 58 Timișului, Sector 1, 012416 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Pasuk
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
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Rodenes M, Gonell F, Martín S, Corma A, Sorribes I. Molecularly Engineering Defective Basal Planes in Molybdenum Sulfide for the Direct Synthesis of Benzimidazoles by Reductive Coupling of Dinitroarenes with Aldehydes. JACS AU 2022; 2:601-612. [PMID: 35373204 PMCID: PMC8965831 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing more sustainable catalytic processes for preparing N-heterocyclic compounds in a less costly, compact, and greener manner from cheap and readily available reagents is highly desirable in modern synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report a straightforward synthesis of benzimidazoles by reductive coupling of o-dinitroarenes with aldehydes in the presence of molecular hydrogen. An innovative molecular cluster-based synthetic strategy that employs Mo3S4 complexes as precursors have been used to engineer a sulfur-deficient molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-type material displaying structural defects on both the naturally occurring edge positions and along the typically inactive basal planes. By applying this catalyst, a broad range of functionalized 2-substituted benzimidazoles, including bioactive compounds, can be selectively synthesized by such a direct hydrogenative coupling protocol even in the presence of hydrogenation-sensitive functional groups, such as double and triple carbon-carbon bonds, nitrile and ester groups, and halogens as well as diverse types of heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rodenes
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química-Universitat Politècnica
de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Gonell
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química-Universitat Politècnica
de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Martín
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química-Universitat Politècnica
de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Sorribes
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química-Universitat Politècnica
de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Al-Jorani KR, Atia AJK, Al-Bayti RI. Synthesis, Structure Elucidation, and Pharmacological Study of New Hydrazinylidene Derivatives Using Benzimidazole as a Scaffold. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Photophysical and theoretical investigations of diarylimidazole derivative with application as a fluorescence sensor for Fe(III). J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Xie W, Tan S, Yang J, Luo J, Wang C, Wu Y. Ionic Liquid Crystalline Composite Membranes Composed of Smectic Imidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate and Polyvinyl Alcohol for Anhydrous Proton Conduction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuai Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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de Oliveira AH, Silva WP, da Silva JK, Freitas J, de Souza MA, Cristiano R, Menezes FG. Non-symmetrical three and two-core ring mesogens based on quinoxaline and benzimidazole derivatives: Supramolecular layers through amphoteric donating/accepting H-bonds. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Liang T, Tan S, Cao S, Wu Y. Synthesis and characterization of proton conductive liquid crystals bearing phosphonic acid moieties. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Synthesis, characterization and liquid crystalline properties of novel benzimidazol-8-hydroxyquinoline complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Proton conductive polymers obtained by in-situ polymerization of a mesomorphic benzimidazole monomer in smectic A, nematic and isotropic phases. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Synthesis, structural and electrochemical characterization of benzimidazole compounds exhibiting a smectic C liquid crystal phase. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cuerva C, Campo JA, Cano M, Schmidt R. Nanostructured discotic Pd(ii) metallomesogens as one-dimensional proton conductors. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:96-105. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bis(isoquinolinylpyrazolate) Pd(ii) metallomesogens may be a promising step forward in the design of highly-stable proton conducting water-free electrolyte materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - José A. Campo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - Mercedes Cano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - Rainer Schmidt
- GFMC. Departamento de Física Aplicada III
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
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