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Kaladharan K, Chen KH, Chen PH, Goudar VS, Ishdorj TO, Santra TS, Tseng FG. Dual-clamped One-Pot SERS-based Biosensors for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Portable Raman Spectrometer. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2023; 393:134172. [PMID: 37363301 PMCID: PMC10276524 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2023.134172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive diagnostics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of utmost importance to control the widespread coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upsurge. This study demonstrated a novel one-pot surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based immunoassay to detect SARS-CoV-2, without any washing process using a portable Raman spectrometer. The SERS-immune assay was designed using a regular digital versatile disk (DVD) substrate integrated with Raman reporter labeled silver nanoparticles for double clamping effects. The disks were molded to form nanopillar arrays and coated with silver film to enhance the sensitivity of immunoassay. The SERS platform demonstrated a limit of detection (LoD) up to 50 pg mL-1 for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and virus-like-particle (VLP) protein in phosphate buffer saline within a turnaround time of 20 minutes. Moreover, VLP protein spiked in untreated saliva achieved an LoD of 400 pg mL-1, providing a cycle threshold (Ct) value range of 30-32, closer to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results (35-40) and higher than the commercial rapid antigen tests, ranging from 25-28. Therefore, the developed one-pot SERS based biosensor exhibited highly sensitive and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2, which could be a potential point-of-care platform for early and cost-effective diagnosis of the COVID-19 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kaladharan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan ROC
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan ROC
| | - Pin-Han Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan ROC
| | - Venkanagouda S Goudar
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tseren-Onolt Ishdorj
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Mongolia
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan ROC
- Institute of Nano Engineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan ROC
- Frontier Research Centre on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua, University, Taiwan, ROC
- Research Centre for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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2
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Ahmed R, Guimarães CF, Wang J, Soto F, Karim AH, Zhang Z, Reis RL, Akin D, Paulmurugan R, Demirci U. Large-Scale Functionalized Metasurface-Based SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Quantification. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15946-15958. [PMID: 36125414 PMCID: PMC9514326 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metasurfaces consist of metal-dielectric interfaces that are excitable at background and leakage resonant modes. The sharp and plasmonic excitation profile of metal-free electrons on metasurfaces at the nanoscale can be used for practical applications in diverse fields, including optoelectronics, energy harvesting, and biosensing. Currently, Fano resonant metasurface fabrication processes for biosensor applications are costly, need clean room access, and involve limited small-scale surface areas that are not easy for accurate sample placement. Here, we leverage the large-scale active area with uniform surface patterns present on optical disc-based metasurfaces as a cost-effective method to excite asymmetric plasmonic modes, enabling tunable optical Fano resonance interfacing with a microfluidic channel for multiple target detection in the visible wavelength range. We engineered plasmonic metasurfaces for biosensing through efficient layer-by-layer surface functionalization toward real-time measurement of target binding at the molecular scale. Further, we demonstrated the quantitative detection of antibodies, proteins, and the whole viral particles of SARS-CoV-2 with a high sensitivity and specificity, even distinguishing it from similar RNA viruses such as influenza and MERS. This cost-effective plasmonic metasurface platform offers a small-scale light-manipulation system, presenting considerable potential for fast, real-time detection of SARS-CoV-2 and pathogens in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Ahmed
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
| | - Carlos F. Guimarães
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
- 3B’s Research Group−Biomaterials,
Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of
Minho, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government
Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, 4805-017,
Portugal
| | - Jie Wang
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
| | - Fernando Soto
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
| | - Asma H. Karim
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan430062,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group−Biomaterials,
Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of
Minho, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government
Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, 4805-017,
Portugal
| | - Demir Akin
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection,
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto,
California94304, United States
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3
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Ngamaroonchote A, Karn-Orachai K. Bimetallic Au-Ag on a Patterned Substrate Derived from Discarded Blu-ray Discs: Simple, Inexpensive, Stable, and Reproducible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7392-7404. [PMID: 34110178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple and reproducible surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate of bimetallic gold-silver (Au-Ag) based on discarded a Blu-ray disc read only memory (BD-ROM) was developed by simply incorporating electrochemical (EC) treatment and chemical reaction. The resurfaced AgBD-ROM substrate (r-AgBD-ROM) was fabricated by EC treatment on a Ag film layer in BD-ROM (AgBD-ROM) to generate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the indented pattern surface. Then, galvanic displacement reaction of Au and Ag was carried out to prepare the bimetallic Au-Ag structure (Au-r-AgBD-ROM). The suitable size and density as well as location of NPs on the surface can be tuned via EC treatment conditions to obtain highly active SERS performance. The SERS enhancement phenomenon on our developed substrate was studied by observing the location of the SERS hot spot obtained by Raman mapping. The developed SERS substrate offers excellent stability (90 days), good uniformity [6.14% relative standard deviation (RSD)], and reproducibility (3.79% of RSD). Moreover, this substrate can be used as a promising sensor for detecting acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and mefenamic acid. This finding suggests a simple and low-priced process, which potentially facilitates fabrication of highly sensitive SERS substrates for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroonsri Ngamaroonchote
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kullavadee Karn-Orachai
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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4
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Wang L, Womiloju AA, Höppener C, Schubert US, Hoeppener S. On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates - chemical and morphological considerations. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:541-551. [PMID: 34194890 PMCID: PMC8204127 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The stability of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates in different organic solvents and different buffer solutions was investigated. SERS substrates were fabricated by a microwave-assisted synthesis approach and the morphological as well as chemical changes of the SERS substrates were studied. It was demonstrated that the SERS substrates treated with methanol, ethanol, or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were comparable and showed overall good stability and did not show severe morphological changes or a strong decrease in their Raman activity. Toluene treatment resulted in a strong decrease in the Raman activity whereas dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment completely preserved or even slightly improved the Raman enhancement capabilities. SERS substrates immersed into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions were observed to be rather instable in low and neutral pH buffer solutions. Other buffer systems showed less severe influences on the SERS activity of the substrates and a carbonate buffer at pH 10 was found to even improve SERS performance. This study represents a guideline on the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates or other SERS substrates consisting of non-stabilized silver nanoparticles for the application of different organic solvents and buffer solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Aisha Adebola Womiloju
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Höppener
- Leibniz-Institut of Photonic Technology e.V. (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sigmar Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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5
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Ahmed R, Ozen MO, Karaaslan MG, Prator CA, Thanh C, Kumar S, Torres L, Iyer N, Munter S, Southern S, Henrich TJ, Inci F, Demirci U. Tunable Fano-Resonant Metasurfaces on a Disposable Plastic-Template for Multimodal and Multiplex Biosensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907160. [PMID: 32201997 PMCID: PMC8713081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are engineered nanostructured interfaces that extend the photonic behavior of natural materials, and they spur many breakthroughs in multiple fields, including quantum optics, optoelectronics, and biosensing. Recent advances in metasurface nanofabrication enable precise manipulation of light-matter interactions at subwavelength scales. However, current fabrication methods are costly and time-consuming and have a small active area with low reproducibility due to limitations in lithography, where sensing nanosized rare biotargets requires a wide active surface area for efficient binding and detection. Here, a plastic-templated tunable metasurface with a large active area and periodic metal-dielectric layers to excite plasmonic Fano resonance transitions providing multimodal and multiplex sensing of small biotargets, such as proteins and viruses, is introduced. The tunable Fano resonance feature of the metasurface is enabled via chemical etching steps to manage nanoperiodicity of the plastic template decorated with plasmonic layers and surrounding dielectric medium. This metasurface integrated with microfluidics further enhances the light-matter interactions over a wide sensing area, extending data collection from 3D to 4D by tracking real-time biomolecular binding events. Overall, this work resolves cost- and complexity-related large-scale fabrication challenges and improves multilayer sensitivity of detection in biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Ahmed
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Mehmet Ozgun Ozen
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Merve Goksin Karaaslan
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Cecilia A. Prator
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Cassandra Thanh
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Shreya Kumar
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Leonel Torres
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Nikita Iyer
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Sadie Munter
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Sarka Southern
- Gaia Medical Institute, 505 Coast Boulevard South, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Timothy J. Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Fatih Inci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
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