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Qamar MA, Javed M, Shahid S, Shariq M, Fadhali MM, Ali SK, Khan MS. Synthesis and applications of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4) based membranes for wastewater treatment: A critical review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12685. [PMID: 36660457 PMCID: PMC9842699 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Semiconducting membrane combined with nanomaterials is an auspicious combination that may successfully eliminate diverse waste products from water while consuming little energy and reducing pollution. Creating an inexpensive, steady, flexible, and diversified business material for membrane production is a critical challenge in membrane technology development. Because of its unusual structure and high catalytic activity, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has come out as a viable material for membranes. Furthermore, their great durability, high permanency under challenging environments, and long-term use without decrease in flux are significant advantages. The advanced material techniques used to manage the molecular assembly of g-C3N4 for separation membrane were detailed in this review work. The progress in using g-C3N4-based membranes for water treatment has been detailed in this presentation. The review delivers an updated description of g-C3N4 based membranes and their separation functions and new ideas for future enhancements/adjustments to address their weaknesses in real-world situations. Finally, the ongoing problems and promising future research directions for g-C3N4-based membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azam Qamar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan,Corresponding author.
| | - Mohsin Javed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Sammia Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Shariq
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Fadhali
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, 70270, Yemen
| | - Syed Kashif Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Shakir Khan
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Al- Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al- Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Ashirov T, Siena JS, Zhang M, Ozgur Yazaydin A, Antonietti M, Coskun A. Fast light-switchable polymeric carbon nitride membranes for tunable gas separation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7299. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSwitchable gas separation membranes are intriguing systems for regulating the transport properties of gases. However, existing stimuli-responsive gas separation membranes suffer from either very slow response times or require high energy input for switching to occur. Accordingly, herein, we introduced light-switchable polymeric carbon nitride (pCN) gas separation membranes with fast response times prepared from melamine precursor through in-situ formation and deposition of pCN onto a porous support using chemical vapor deposition. Our systematic analysis revealed that the gas transport behavior upon light irradiation is fully governed by the polarizability of the permeating gas and its interaction with the charged pCN surface, and can be easily tuned either by controlling the power of the light and/or the duration of irradiation. We also demonstrated that gases with higher polarizabilities such as CO2 can be separated from gases with lower polarizability like H2 and He effectively with more than 22% increase in the gas/CO2 selectivity upon light irradiation. The membranes also exhibited fast response times (<1 s) and can be turned “on” and “off” using a single light source at 550 nm.
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Ashirov T, Siena JS, Zhang M, Ozgur Yazaydin A, Antonietti M, Coskun A. Fast light-switchable polymeric carbon nitride membranes for tunable gas separation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7299. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AbstractSwitchable gas separation membranes are intriguing systems for regulating the transport properties of gases. However, existing stimuli-responsive gas separation membranes suffer from either very slow response times or require high energy input for switching to occur. Accordingly, herein, we introduced light-switchable polymeric carbon nitride (pCN) gas separation membranes with fast response times prepared from melamine precursor through in-situ formation and deposition of pCN onto a porous support using chemical vapor deposition. Our systematic analysis revealed that the gas transport behavior upon light irradiation is fully governed by the polarizability of the permeating gas and its interaction with the charged pCN surface, and can be easily tuned either by controlling the power of the light and/or the duration of irradiation. We also demonstrated that gases with higher polarizabilities such as CO2 can be separated from gases with lower polarizability like H2 and He effectively with more than 22% increase in the gas/CO2 selectivity upon light irradiation. The membranes also exhibited fast response times (<1 s) and can be turned “on” and “off” using a single light source at 550 nm.
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Pieta IS, Gieroba B, Kalisz G, Pieta P, Nowakowski R, Naushad M, Rathi A, Gawande MB, Sroka-Bartnicka A, Zboril R. Developing Benign Ni/g-C 3N 4 Catalysts for CO 2 Hydrogenation: Activity and Toxicity Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022; 61:10496-10510. [PMID: 35938051 PMCID: PMC9344432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This research discusses the CO2 valorization via hydrogenation over the non-noble metal clusters of Ni and Cu supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The Ni and Cu catalysts were characterized by conventional techniques including XRD, AFM, ATR, Raman imaging, and TPR and were tested via the hydrogenation of CO2 at 1 bar. The transition-metal-based catalyst designed with atom-economy principles presents stable activity and good conversions for the studied processes. At 1 bar, the rise in operating temperature during CO2 hydrogenation increases the CO2 conversion and the selectivity for CO and decreases the selectivity for methanol on Cu/CN catalysts. For the Ni/CN catalyst, the selectivity to light hydrocarbons, such as CH4, also increased with rising temperature. At 623 K, the conversion attained ca. 20%, with CH4 being the primary product of the reaction (CH4 yield >80%). Above 700 K, the Ni/CN activity increases, reaching almost equilibrium values, although the Ni loading in Ni/CN is lower by more than 90% compared to the reference NiREF catalyst. The presented data offer a better understanding of the effect of the transition metals' small metal cluster and their coordination and stabilization within g-C3N4, contributing to the rational hybrid catalyst design with a less-toxic impact on the environment and health. Bare g-C3N4 is shown as a good support candidate for atom-economy-designed catalysts for hydrogenation application. In addition, cytotoxicity to the keratinocyte human HaCaT cell line revealed that low concentrations of catalysts particles (to 6.25 μg mL-1) did not cause degenerative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela S. Pieta
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Gieroba
- Independent
Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kalisz
- Independent
Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Pieta
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Nowakowski
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mu. Naushad
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anuj Rathi
- Chemistry
Innovation Research Center, R&D, Jubilant Biosys, Knowledge Park II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Manoj B. Gawande
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký
University, Slechtitelu
27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431 203, India
| | - Anna Sroka-Bartnicka
- Independent
Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký
University, Slechtitelu
27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology
Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB−Technical University of Ostrava, 17 listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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5
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Xie J, Ning C, Liu Q, Sun Z, Yang J, Dong H. Computational Studies on Holey TMC 6 (TM = Mo and W) Membranes for H 2 Purification. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070709. [PMID: 35877912 PMCID: PMC9325276 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The purification of hydrogen (H2) has been a vital step in H2 production processes such as steam−methane reforming. By first-principle calculations, we revealed the potential applications of holey TMC6 (TM = Mo and W) membranes in H2 purification. The adsorption and diffusion behaviors of five gas molecules (including H2, N2, CO, CO2, and CH4) were compared on TMC6 membranes with different phases. Though the studied gas molecules show weak physisorption on the TMC6 membranes, the smaller pore size makes the gas molecules much more difficult to permeate into h-TMC6 rather than into s-TMC6. With suitable pore sizes, the s-TMC6 structures not only show an extremely low diffusion barrier (around 0.1 eV) and acceptable permeance capability for the H2 but also exhibit considerably high selectivity for both H2/CH4 and H2/CO2 (>1015), especially under relatively low temperature (150−250 K). Moreover, classical molecular dynamics simulations on the permeation process of a H2, CO2, and CH4 mixture also validated that s-TMC6 could effectively separate H2 from the gas mixture. Hence, the s-MoC6 and s-WC6 are predicted to be qualified H2 purification membranes, especially below room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.X.); (Q.L.)
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Cai Ning
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China;
| | - Qinqin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Zhongti Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.X.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (J.Y.); or (H.D.)
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.X.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (J.Y.); or (H.D.)
| | - Huilong Dong
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (J.Y.); or (H.D.)
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6
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Adsorption and decomposition of H2S on C2N sheet with embedded manganese atom: First-principles calculations. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Abstract
The efficient monitoring of the environment is currently gaining a continuous growing interest in view of finding solutions for the global pollution issues and their associated climate change. In this sense, two-dimensional (2D) materials appear as one of highly attractive routes for the development of efficient sensing devices due, in particular, to the interesting blend of their superlative properties. For instance, graphene (Gr) and graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4 (g-CN) have specifically attracted great attention in several domains of sensing applications owing to their excellent electronic and physical-chemical properties. Despite the high potential they offer in the development and fabrication of high-performance gas-sensing devices, an exhaustive comparison between Gr and g-CN is not well established yet regarding their electronic properties and their sensing performances such as sensitivity and selectivity. Hence, this work aims at providing a state-of-the-art overview of the latest experimental advances in the fabrication, characterization, development, and implementation of these 2D materials in gas-sensing applications. Then, the reported results are compared to our numerical simulations using density functional theory carried out on the interactions of Gr and g-CN with some selected hazardous gases’ molecules such as NO2, CO2, and HF. Our findings conform with the superior performances of the g-CN regarding HF detection, while both g-CN and Gr show comparable detection performances for the remaining considered gases. This allows suggesting an outlook regarding the future use of these 2D materials as high-performance gas sensors.
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8
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Coordination tailoring of Cu single sites on C 3N 4 realizes selective CO 2 hydrogenation at low temperature. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6022. [PMID: 34654822 PMCID: PMC8519910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CO2 hydrogenation has attracted great attention, yet the quest for highly-efficient catalysts is driven by the current disadvantages of poor activity, low selectivity, and ambiguous structure-performance relationship. We demonstrate here that C3N4-supported Cu single atom catalysts with tailored coordination structures, namely, Cu–N4 and Cu–N3, can serve as highly selective and active catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation at low temperature. The modulation of the coordination structure of Cu single atom is readily realized by simply altering the treatment parameters. Further investigations reveal that Cu–N4 favors CO2 hydrogenation to form CH3OH via the formate pathway, while Cu–N3 tends to catalyze CO2 hydrogenation to produce CO via the reverse water-gas-shift (RWGS) pathway. Significantly, the CH3OH productivity and selectivity reach 4.2 mmol g–1 h–1 and 95.5%, respectively, for Cu–N4 single atom catalyst. We anticipate this work will promote the fundamental researches on the structure-performance relationship of catalysts. CO2 hydrogenation has attracted intense scientific attention yet suffers from the disadvantage of poor activity and low selectivity. Here, the authors report that Cu single atom catalysts with tailored coordination environments on C3N4 serve as highly selective catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation.
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9
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Stroyuk O, Raievska O, Zahn DRT. Single-layer carbon nitride: synthesis, structure, photophysical/photochemical properties, and applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20745-20764. [PMID: 34542127 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03457j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective provides a critical summary of the current state of the art in the synthesis and properties of polyheptazine single-layer carbon nitride (SLCN). The summary combines the authors' research and literature reports on SLCN concerning the synthesis of single-layer polyheptazine sheets, light absorption and emission by SLCN, photochemical and photocatalytic properties of SLCN as well as examples of applications of SLCN sheets as "building blocks" in heterostructures with nanocrystalline semiconductors and metals. The Perspective is concluded with an outlook discussing the most promising directions for further studies and applications of SLCN and related composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Stroyuk
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Oleksandra Raievska
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. .,Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. .,Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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10
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Liu Z, Zhao G, Zhang X, Gao L, Chen J, Sun W, Zhou G, Lu G. Superior performance porous carbon nitride nanosheets for helium separation from natural gas: Insights from MD and DFT simulations. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Baruah K, Deb P. Electrochemically active site-rich nanocomposites of two-dimensional materials as anode catalysts for direct oxidation fuel cells: new age beyond graphene. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3681-3707. [PMID: 36133025 PMCID: PMC9418720 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct oxidation fuel cell (DOFC) has been opted as a green alternative to fossil fuels and intermittent energy resources as it is economically viable, possesses good conversion efficiency, as well as exhibits high power density and superfast charging. The anode catalyst is a vital component of DOFC, which improves the oxidation of fuels; however, the development of an efficient anode catalyst is still a challenge. In this regard, 2D materials have attracted attention as DOFC anode catalysts due to their fascinating electrochemical properties such as excellent mechanical properties, large surface area, superior electron transfer, presence of active sites, and tunable electronic states. This timely review encapsulates in detail different types of fuel cells, their mechanisms, and contemporary challenges; focuses on the anode catalyst/support based on new generation 2D materials, namely, 2D transition metal carbide/nitride or carbonitride (MXene), graphitic carbon nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, and transition metal oxides; as well as their properties and role in DOFC along with the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashmiri Baruah
- Department of Physics, Tezpur University (Central University) Napaam Tezpur 784028 Assam India
| | - Pritam Deb
- Department of Physics, Tezpur University (Central University) Napaam Tezpur 784028 Assam India
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12
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Jia M, Zhang XF, Yao J. Graphitic Carbon Nitride–Graphene Oxide Hybrid Membranes for Hydrogen Purification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Lab for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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13
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Zheng T, Zou X, Li M, Zhou S, Zhao Y, Zhong Z. Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride for membrane separation. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Ren Y, Han Q, Zhao Y, Wen H, Jiang Z. The exploration of metal-free catalyst g-C 3N 4 for NO degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124153. [PMID: 33059253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new metal-free scheme of the reaction between the molecules CO and NO on a g-C3N4 monolayer. We first investigate the electronic properties of the related molecules CO, NO, N2, and CO2 adsorbed g-C3N4 systems, and then figure out the possible reaction pathways. It is shown that all the molecules will be physisorbed above the triangular cavity. Also, we find the NO binding on g-C3N4 is stronger than CO. The NO dissociation will be the rate-determining step of the reaction, and the formation of NCO· intermediate will play a critical role for the reaction process. This research presents a new route of applying g-C3N4 as a catalyst in the NO catalytic degradation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Ren
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System, Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingzhen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System, Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yuehong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System, Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System, Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhaotan Jiang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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15
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Abdelnabi MMS, Blundo E, Betti MG, Cavoto G, Placidi E, Polimeni A, Ruocco A, Hu K, Ito Y, Mariani C. Towards free-standing graphane: atomic hydrogen and deuterium bonding to nano-porous graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:035707. [PMID: 33017812 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbe56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Graphane is formed by bonding hydrogen (and deuterium) atoms to carbon atoms in the graphene mesh, with modification from the pure planar sp2 bonding towards an sp3 configuration. Atomic hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) bonding with C atoms in fully free-standing nano porous graphene (NPG) is achieved, by exploiting low-energy proton (or deuteron) non-destructive irradiation, with unprecedented minimal introduction of defects, as determined by Raman spectroscopy and by the C 1s core level lineshape analysis. Evidence of the H- (or D-) NPG bond formation is obtained by bringing to light the emergence of a H- (or D-) related sp3-distorted component in the C 1s core level, clear fingerprint of H-C (or D-C) covalent bonding. The H (or D) bonding with the C atoms of free-standing graphene reaches more than 1/4 (or 1/3) at% coverage. This non-destructive H-NPG (or D-NPG) chemisorption is very stable at high temperatures up to about 800 K, as monitored by Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, with complete healing and restoring of clean graphene above 920 K. The excellent chemical and temperature stability of H- (and D-) NPG opens the way not only towards the formation of semiconducting graphane on large-scale samples, but also to stable graphene functionalisation enabling futuristic applications in advanced detectors for the β-spectrum analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Blundo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Betti
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cavoto
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Placidi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Polimeni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ruocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze and INFN Sezione di Roma 3, Università di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Kailong Hu
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Carlo Mariani
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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16
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Zhu B, Zhang L, Cheng B, Yu Y, Yu J. H2O molecule adsorption on s-triazine-based g-C3N4. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Ning C, Zhang Y, Wang J, Gao H, Xiao C, Meng Z, Dong H. Theoretically designed two-dimensional γ-C 4O as an effective gas separation membrane for hydrogen purification. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19492-19501. [PMID: 32729590 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance gas separation membrane for hydrogen (H2) purification is still highly desirable for the sustainable development of our society. Based on the structure of γ-graphyne, we theoretically designed the two-dimensional nanomaterials γ-C4X (X = O, S or Se) with intrinsic pores that may be suitable for gas separation. By first-principles calculations, we obtained the geometric structures of γ-C4X, and confirmed that γ-C4O and γ-C4S are stable at room temperature. Due to the moderate size of the intrinsic pores, γ-C4O exhibits a lower diffusion barrier and higher permeance for H2 than those of γ-C4S. It is worth noting that at room temperature, the high selectivity (1019) for separating H2 from a H2/CH4 mixture by γ-C4O shows great potential for H2 purification. Moreover, the classic molecular dynamics simulations at 300 K demonstrate that H2 can easily permeate through the intrinsic pores of γ-C4O membranes with high permeability and selectivity, which supports our first-principles calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Ning
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China.
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Kong N, Fan X, Liu F, Wang L, Lin H, Li Y, Lee ST. Single Vanadium Atoms Anchored on Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a High-Performance Catalyst for Non-oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5772-5779. [PMID: 32374154 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In comparison with oil-based cracking technologies, the on-purpose dehydrogenation of propane (PDH) is a more eco-friendly and profitable approach to produce propylene. By means of density functional theory calculations, the present work reveals that the single vanadium (V) atom anchored on graphitic carbon nitride (V1/g-C3N4) may serve as a promising single-atom catalyst for non-oxidative PDH with industrially practical activity, selectivity, and thermal stability. The high activity of V1/g-C3N4 for PDH is attributed to the low-coordinated 3d orbitals of single V atoms, while the propylene selectivity is originated from the inhibition of the di-σ binding mode of propylene on the single V atoms. This work provides a guideline to design and screen out promising single-atom catalysts for selective dehydrogenation of alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Kong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuit-Tong Lee
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Jomekian A, Bazooyar B, Esmaeilzadeh J, Behbahani RM. Highly CO2 selective chitosan/g-C3N4/ZIF-8 membrane on polyethersulfone microporous substrate. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Quantum-chemical calculations on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) single-layer nanostructures: polymeric slab vs. quantum dot. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ghashghaee M, Azizi Z, Ghambarian M. Adsorption of iron(II, III) cations on pristine heptazine and triazine polymeric carbon nitride quantum dots of buckled and planar structures: theoretical insights. ADSORPTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-019-00197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Ghashghaee M, Ghambarian M, Azizi Z. Theoretical insights into sensing of hexavalent chromium on buckled and planar polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets of heptazine and triazine structures. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2019.1674447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghashghaee
- Faculty of Petrochemicals, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghambarian
- Gas Conversion Department, Faculty of Petrochemicals, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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Zou X, Li M, Zhou S, Chen C, Zhong J, Xue A, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Diffusion behaviors of ethanol and water through g–C3N4–based membranes: Insights from molecular dynamics simulation. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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First-principles modeling of water permeation through periodically porous graphene derivatives. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 538:367-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Effects of Protonation, Hydroxylamination, and Hydrazination of g-C₃N₄ on the Performance of Matrimid ®/g-C₃N₄ Membranes. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8121010. [PMID: 30563112 PMCID: PMC6316444 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the challenges to continue improving polymeric membranes properties involves the development of novel chemically modified fillers, such as nitrogen-rich 2-D nanomaterials. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has attracted significant interest as a new class of these fillers. Protonation is known to afford it desirable functionalities to form unique architectures for various applications. In the work presented herein, doping of Matrimid® with protonated g-C₃N₄ to yield Matrimid®/g-C₃N₄ mixed matrix membranes was found to improve gas separation by enhancing the selectivity for CO₂/CH₄ by up to 36.9% at 0.5 wt % filler doping. With a view to further enhancing the contribution of g-C₃N₄ to the performance of the composite membrane, oxygen plasma and hydrazine monohydrate treatments were also assayed as alternatives to protonation. Hydroxylamination by oxygen plasma treatment increased the selectivity for CO₂/CH₄ by up to 52.2% (at 2 wt % doping) and that for O₂/N₂ by up to 26.3% (at 0.5 wt % doping). Hydrazination led to lower enhancements in CO₂/CH₄ separation, by up to 11.4%. This study suggests that chemically-modified g-C₃N₄ may hold promise as an additive for modifying the surface of Matrimid® and other membranes.
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Meng Z, Zhang Y, Shi Q, Liu Y, Du A, Lu R. A remarkable two-dimensional membrane for multifunctional gas separation: halogenated metal-free fused-ring polyphthalocyanine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18931-18937. [PMID: 29896586 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We theoretically explore the structural and mechanical properties of metal-free fused-ring polyphthalocyanine (H2PPc) and halogenated H2PPc (F-H2PPc and Cl-H2PPc) membranes, and the energy profiles for gaseous H2, CO, CH4, CO2 and N2 molecules adsorbing on and passing through these monolayers. Importantly, we reconsider in depth the values of the parameters in the definition of permeance, and corroborate the validity of the model from first-principles theory with the results of H2 diffusion from classic molecular dynamics simulations. With well-defined nanosized pores, halogenated H2PPc monolayers turn out to be multifunctional gas separation membranes, i.e. F-H2PPc for H2/CO, H2/CH4, CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, CO/CH4 and N2/CH4 separation as well as Cl-H2PPc for H2/CO, H2/CH4 and H2/CO2 separation, which should be of great potential in energy and environmental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshun Meng
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
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Bian A, Dai Y, Yang J. Porous germanene as a highly efficient gas separation membrane. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17505-17512. [PMID: 29110006 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05805e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using a gas separation membrane as a simple gas separation device has an obvious advantage because of the low energy consumption and pollution-free manufacturing. The first-principles calculations used in this work show that germanene with its divacancy is an excellent material for use as a hydrogen (H2) and helium (He) separation membrane, and that it displays an even better competitive advantage than porous graphene and porous silicene. Porous germanene with its divacancy is chemically inert to gas molecules, because it lacks additional atoms to protect the edged dangling germanium atoms in defects, and thus shows great advantages for gas separation over previously prepared graphene. The energy barriers to H2 and He penetrating porous germanene are quite low, and the permeabilities to H2 and He are high. Furthermore, the selectivities of porous germanene for H2 and He relative to other gas molecules are high, up to 1031 and 1027, respectively, which are superior to those of porous graphene (1023) and porous silicene (1013); thus the separation efficiency of porous germanene is much higher than that of porous graphene and porous silicene. Therefore, germanene is a favorable candidate as a gas separation membrane material. At the same time, the successful synthesis of germanene in the laboratory means that it is possible to use it in real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Bian
- School of Physical Science & Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Zhang Y, Meng Z, Shi Q, Gao H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Rao D, Deng K, Lu R. Nanoporous MoS 2 monolayer as a promising membrane for purifying hydrogen and enriching methane. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:375201. [PMID: 28675145 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa7d5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical prediction of a highly efficient membrane for hydrogen purification and natural gas upgrading, i.e. laminar MoS2 material with triangular sulfur-edged nanopores. We calculated from first principles the diffusion barriers of H2 and CO2 across monolayer MoS2 to be, respectively, 0.07 eV and 0.17 eV, which are low enough to warrant their great permeability. The permeance values for H2 and CO2 far exceed the industrially accepted standard. Meanwhile, such a porous MoS2 membrane shows excellent selectivity in terms of H2/CO, H2/N2, H2/CH4, and CO2/CH4 separation (>103, > 103, > 106, and > 104, respectively) at room temperature. We expect that the findings in this work will expedite theoretical or experimental exploration on gas separation membranes based on transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
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Meng Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Gao H, Wang Y, Shi Q, Rao D, Liu Y, Deng K, Lu R. Graphdiyne as a High-Efficiency Membrane for Separating Oxygen from Harmful Gases: A First-Principles Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28166-28170. [PMID: 27669974 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically explored the adsorption and diffusion properties of oxygen and several harmful gases penetrating the graphdiyne monolayer. According to our first-principles calculations, the oxidation of the acetylenic bond in graphdiyne needs to surmount an energy barrier of ca. 1.97 eV, implying that graphdiyne remains unaffected under oxygen-rich conditions. In a broad temperature range, graphdiyne with well-defined nanosized pores exhibits a perfect performance for oxygen separation from typical noxious gases, which should be of great potential in medical treatment and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshun Meng
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Xirui Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqi Gao
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewei Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiming Deng
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Lu
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
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