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Shahedi A, Darban AK, Jamshidi-Zanjani A, Homaee M. An overview of the application of electrocoagulation for mine wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:522. [PMID: 36988769 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges of the twenty-first century is related to the discharge and disposal of mine effluents and wastewater resulting from mine dewatering, precipitation, and surface runoff in mines, especially acidic effluents that contain a variety of toxic and heavy metals and are the main sources of surface and groundwater pollution. Various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been developed and used to treat mine effluents. All proposed methods have their own disadvantages that make their use challenging. One of the new methods used for wastewater treatment is the electrical coagulation process, which has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years due to its advantages such as simplicity, environmental friendliness, and low cost. The present review focused on the applications of electrocoagulation for mine wastewater treatment as well as metals recovery. In addition, the main mechanisms, advantages, and weaknesses of electrocoagulation were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shahedi
- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khodadadi Darban
- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- Agrohydrology Research Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Jamshidi-Zanjani
- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Agrohydrology Research Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Homaee
- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Agrohydrology Research Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Zaffar A, Krishnamoorthy N, Nagaraj N, Jayaraman S, Paramasivan B. Optimization and kinetic modeling of phosphate recovery as struvite by electrocoagulation from source-separated urine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:20721-20735. [PMID: 36255572 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus recovery is indispensable due to the rapid depletion of its natural reserves and excessive utility in agriculture. Though human urine has high nutrient content including phosphate, nitrogen and potassium; direct use as a fertilizer is restricted due to hygienic, environmental, social and ethical issues. To overcome these limitations, the nutrients are precipitated by the external addition of magnesium (Mg) to form a slow-releasing fertilizer called struvite. The present study aims to maximize phosphate recovery through optimizing struvite production by an emerging electrocoagulation technique. A maximum of 95% phosphate recovery was achieved using inter-electrode distance of 0.5 cm, 2 A current from undiluted urine using Mg-Mg electrodes in a reaction time of 30 min. Further, kinetic modeling of phosphate recovery through electrocoagulation was conducted to comprehend the intended mechanism through the order of kinetics. The results revealed that the data best correlated with first-order kinetics with a correlation coefficient of 0.95. Electrocoagulation improved the supernatant quality by reducing the ion concentrations other than phosphate (30-50%), salinity (40-45%), and microbial population (99%). Qualitative assessment of the precipitate through sophisticated analysis further confirmed the presence of struvite crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Zaffar
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Nageshwari Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Nahaarjun Nagaraj
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Sivaraman Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Balasubramanian Paramasivan
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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Sniatala B, Kurniawan TA, Sobotka D, Makinia J, Othman MHD. Macro-nutrients recovery from liquid waste as a sustainable resource for production of recovered mineral fertilizer: Uncovering alternative options to sustain global food security cost-effectively. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159283. [PMID: 36208738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global food security, which has emerged as one of the sustainability challenges, impacts every country. As food cannot be generated without involving nutrients, research has intensified recently to recover unused nutrients from waste streams. As a finite resource, phosphorus (P) is largely wasted. This work critically reviews the technical applicability of various water technologies to recover macro-nutrients such as P, N, and K from wastewater. Struvite precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane filtration are applied for nutrient recovery. Technological strengths and drawbacks in their applications are evaluated and compared. Their operational conditions such as pH, dose required, initial nutrient concentration, and treatment performance are presented. Cost-effectiveness of the technologies for P or N recovery is also elaborated. It is evident from a literature survey of 310 published studies (1985-2022) that no single technique can effectively and universally recover target macro-nutrients from liquid waste. Struvite precipitation is commonly used to recover over 95 % of P from sludge digestate with its concentration ranging from 200 to 4000 mg/L. The recovered precipitate can be reused as a fertilizer due to its high content of P and N. Phosphate removal of higher than 80 % can be achieved by struvite precipitation when the molar ratio of Mg2+/PO43- ranges between 1.1 and 1.3. The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to collect data on critical parameters control optimization, improve treatment effectiveness, and facilitate water utilities to upscale water treatment plants. Such infrastructure in the plants could enable the recovered materials to be reused to sustain food security. As nutrient recovery is crucial in wastewater treatment, water treatment plant operators need to consider (1) the costs of nutrient recovery techniques; (2) their applicability; (3) their benefits and implications. It is essential to note that the treatment cost of P and/or N-laden wastewater depends on the process applied and local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Sniatala
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Dominika Sobotka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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4
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Witek-Krowiak A, Gorazda K, Szopa D, Trzaska K, Moustakas K, Chojnacka K. Phosphorus recovery from wastewater and bio-based waste: an overview. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13474-13506. [PMID: 36700471 PMCID: PMC9275867 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2077894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the most important macronutrients needed for the growth of plants. The fertilizer production market uses 80% of natural, non-renewable phosphorus resources in the form of phosphate rock. The depletion of those deposits forces a search for other alternatives, including biological waste. This review aims to indicate the most important ways to recover phosphorus from biowaste, with particular emphasis on wastewater, sewage sludge, manure, slaughter or food waste. A comparison of utilized methods and directions for future research based on the latest research is presented. Combining biological, chemical, and physical methods with thermal treatment appears to be the most effective way for the treatment of wastewater sludge in terms of phosphorus recovery. Hydrothermal, thermochemical, and adsorption on thermally treated adsorbents are characterized by a high phosphorus recovery rate (over 95%). For animal by-products and other biological waste, chemical methods seems to be the most optimal solution with a recovery rate over 96%. Due to its large volume and relatively low phosphorus content, wastewater is a resource that requires additional treatment to recover the highest possible amount of phosphorus. Pretreatment of wastewater with combined methods seems to be a possible way to improve phosphorus recovery. A compressive evaluation of combined methods is crucial for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gorazda
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Daniel Szopa
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland,CONTACT Daniel Szopa Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, Wrocław50-372, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Trzaska
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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5
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Removal of phosphate in secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant by iron and aluminum electrocoagulation: Efficiency and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen RF, Wu L, Zhong HT, Liu CX, Qiao W, Wei CH. Evaluation of electrocoagulation process for high-strength swine wastewater pretreatment. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liu H, Wu Y, Li M, Ma H, Li M, Zhu K, Chen G, Wang Z, Wang S. Electrocoagulation pre-treatment to simultaneously remove dissolved and colloidal substances and Ca 2+ in old corrugated container wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128851. [PMID: 33168278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An effective electrocoagulation pre-treatment (ECP) method was proposed to simultaneously solve the problems of the micro stickies deposition and high Ca2+ content in old corrugated container (OCC) papermaking wastewater during the recycling process. The optimal ECP condition was investigated. The results indicated that the effect of an Al electrode on wastewater treatment was superior to that of a Fe or Mg electrode. The optimal treatment conditions of the current density, electrode distance and reaction time were 115 A m-2, 5 cm and 60 min, respectively. After the ECP, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Ca2+ removal rates were 75.33% and 64.53%, respectively, and the turbidity and dissolved and colloidal substance (DCS) content decreased by 97.1% and 43.68%, respectively. The particle size of flocs in the liquid increased from 1.675 μm to 31.97 μm, and the floc content was 0.78 g L-1 after ECP. The anode material and energy consumption were 0.1846 kg m-3 and 4.56 kWh m-3, respectively, and the cost of treatment was estimated to be 1.11 $ m-3. The results demonstrate that ECP can effectively remove the micro stickies, COD, and Ca2+ in the OCC wastewater, which is conducive to reducing the cost of wastewater treatment and conform to the requirements of sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Yueru Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Mingfu Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Haitong Ma
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Meiling Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Kaili Zhu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Guoning Chen
- Guangxi Bossco Environment Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530007, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
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Fekadu S, Alemayehu E, Dewil R, Van der Bruggen B. Electrochemical degradation of antivirus drug lamivudine formulation: photoelectrocoagulation, peroxi-electrocoagulation, and peroxi-photoelectrocoagulation processes. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-020-01521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Wang Y, Lin H, Ding L, Hu B. Low-voltage electrochemical treatment to precipitate sulfide during anaerobic digestion of beet sugar wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141243. [PMID: 32791410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sugar beet processing generates a large amount of wastewater with a high chemical oxygen demand (COD). During wastewater storage and treatment, the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generated from anaerobic digestion (AD) poses unique safety and environmental challenges due to air emissions to the local environment. A new approach of low-voltage electrochemical treatment using low-cost sacrificial anode material was developed in this study to remove sulfide, maintain a proper pH, and produce low-H2S biogas during the AD of beet sugar wastewater. The wastewater collected was categorized as the medium or high strength wastewater depending on the COD content. By using the medium strength wastewater as the test media, the effects of electrochemical and storage conditions, including the applied voltage, immersed electrode area, initial sulfate level, and operating temperature, on the sulfide removal were studied. The effective electrical charge consumption ranged from 6.0 to 14.4 C·mg-1 S2-, and the headspace H2S concentration was reduced by over 96% for most conditions after 204 h treatment. During the 10-week experiment on high strength wastewater, intermittent electrochemical treatment at 0.7 V applied voltage and 1.2 cm2·L-1 electrode area for two weeks reduced the H2S content in the biogas by up to 96%. The cathodic hydroxyl anion generation during the electrochemical treatment significantly increased the pH from 4.61 to 6.95 and led to earlier biogas production than the one without electrochemical treatment. This technique may feasibly be applied in the AD of other sulfur-compound-rich waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Wang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Hongjian Lin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingkan Ding
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Chen M, Dollar O, Shafer-Peltier K, Randtke S, Waseem S, Peltier E. Boron removal by electrocoagulation: Removal mechanism, adsorption models and factors influencing removal. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115362. [PMID: 31841770 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B), normally present in ground water and sea water, is a vital micronutrient for plants, but is also toxic in excessive amounts. Under typical conditions, aqueous boron is present as boric acid (H3BO3), which is uncharged, making B particularly challenging to remove by mechanisms commonly applicable to removal of trace constituents. Adsorption of B onto aluminum hydroxide solids (Al(OH)3(s)) generated using aluminum-based electrocoagulation (EC) is a promising strategy for B removal. Infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated complexation of B(OH)3 with aluminum hydroxide solids via surface hydroxyl groups, while X-ray and infrared spectroscopy results indicated that the structure of the Al(OH)3(s) was influenced both by EC operating conditions and by water quality. A linear adsorption model predicted B removal well when initial concentrations were lower than 50 mg/L, but fit the experimental data poorly at higher initial B concentrations. The Langmuir adsorption model provided a good fit for a broader range of initial B concentrations (5-1000 mg/L). Factors affecting B adsorption during the EC process, including current intensity, Al dissolution rate, boron concentration, pH, and total dissolved solid (TDS), were investigated. Increasing current intensity initially led to a higher Al dissolution rate, and therefore higher B adsorption, but there was a limit, as further increases in current intensity caused rapid formation of Al(OH)3(s) having a large particle size and a low capacity to complex B. Boron removal decreased as its concentration increased. The best removal of B occurred at pH 8, corresponding to a slightly positive zeta potential for aluminum hydroxide and a small but significant fraction of negatively charged B species. Higher TDS concentrations facilitated the use of higher current intensities, i.e., the limit on the effective Al dissolution rate increased with increasing TDS. Two real water samples (river water and oilfield produced water) spiked with B were treated using EC, resulting in up to 50% B removal from river water (C0 = 10 mg/L, current = 0.2 A) in 2 h, and 80% B removal from produced water (C0 = 50 mg/L, current = 1.0 A) in 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Tertiary Oil Recovery Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Orion Dollar
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | | | - Stephen Randtke
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Saad Waseem
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Edward Peltier
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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11
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Zangarini S, Pepè Sciarria T, Tambone F, Adani F. Phosphorus removal from livestock effluents: recent technologies and new perspectives on low-cost strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5730-5743. [PMID: 31919818 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential element in the food production chain, even though it is a non-renewable and limited natural resource, which is going to run out soon. However, it is also a pollutant if massively introduced into soil and water ecosystems. This study focuses on the current alternative low-cost technologies for phosphorus recovery from livestock effluents. Recovering phosphorus from these wastewaters is considered a big challenge due to the high phosphorus concentration (between 478 and 1756 mg L-1) and solids content (> 2-6% of total solids). In particular, the methods discussed in this study are (i) magnesium-based crystallization (struvite synthesis), (ii) calcium-based crystallization, (iii) electrocoagulation and (iv) biochar production, which differ among them for some advantages and disadvantages. According to the data collected, struvite crystallization achieves the highest phosphorus removal (> 95%), even when combined with the use of seawater bittern (a by-product of sea salt processing) instead of magnesium chloride pure salt as the magnesium source. Moreover, the crystallizer technology used for struvite precipitation has already been tested in wastewater treatment plants, and data reported in this review showed the feasibility of this technology for use with high total solids (> 5%) livestock manure. Furthermore, economic and energetic analyses here reported show that struvite crystallization is the most practicable among the low-cost phosphorus recovery technologies for treating livestock effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zangarini
- Gruppo Ricicla, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Tommy Pepè Sciarria
- Gruppo Ricicla, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Fulvia Tambone
- Gruppo Ricicla, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
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12
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Zhang X, Lin H, Hu B. The effects of electrocoagulation on phosphorus removal and particle settling capability in swine manure. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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He Q, Rodrigues Reis CE, Wang F, Hu B. Phytate extraction from coproducts of the dry-grind corn ethanol process. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGSs), the major coproduct of dry-grind ethanol production, are being increasingly used in the global market as animal feeds for both energy and protein supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang He
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Cristiano E. Rodrigues Reis
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering
- University of Minnesota
- 316 Biological and Agricultural Engineering
- Saint Paul
- USA
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering
- University of Minnesota
- 316 Biological and Agricultural Engineering
- Saint Paul
- USA
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14
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Priambodo R, Shih YJ, Huang YH. Phosphorus recovery as ferrous phosphate (vivianite) from wastewater produced in manufacture of thin film transistor-liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCD) by a fluidized bed crystallizer (FBC). RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06308c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, fluidized bed crystallization (FBC) is utilized to treat phosphorus wastewater that is produced by the manufacture of thin film transistor-liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Priambodo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 701
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Shih
- Institute of Environmental Engineering
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hui Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 701
- Taiwan
- Sustainable Environment Research Center
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