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Lupan C, Mishra AK, Wolff N, Drewes J, Krüger H, Vahl A, Lupan O, Pauporté T, Viana B, Kienle L, Adelung R, de Leeuw NH, Hansen S. Nanosensors Based on a Single ZnO:Eu Nanowire for Hydrogen Gas Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41196-41207. [PMID: 36044354 PMCID: PMC9753046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fast detection of hydrogen gas leakage or its release in different environments, especially in large electric vehicle batteries, is a major challenge for sensing applications. In this study, the morphological, structural, chemical, optical, and electronic characterizations of ZnO:Eu nanowire arrays are reported and discussed in detail. In particular, the influence of different Eu concentrations during electrochemical deposition was investigated together with the sensing properties and mechanism. Surprisingly, by using only 10 μM Eu ions during deposition, the value of the gas response increased by a factor of nearly 130 compared to an undoped ZnO nanowire and we found an H2 gas response of ∼7860 for a single ZnO:Eu nanowire device. Further, the synthesized nanowire sensors were tested with ultraviolet (UV) light and a range of test gases, showing a UV responsiveness of ∼12.8 and a good selectivity to 100 ppm H2 gas. A dual-mode nanosensor is shown to detect UV/H2 gas simultaneously for selective detection of H2 during UV irradiation and its effect on the sensing mechanism. The nanowire sensing approach here demonstrates the feasibility of using such small devices to detect hydrogen leaks in harsh, small-scale environments, for example, stacked battery packs in mobile applications. In addition, the results obtained are supported through density functional theory-based simulations, which highlight the importance of rare earth nanoparticles on the oxide surface for improved sensitivity and selectivity of gas sensors, even at room temperature, thereby allowing, for instance, lower power consumption and denser deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Lupan
- Center
for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Department of Microelectronics
and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Computers, Informatics and
Microelectronics, Technical University of
Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare str., MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Abhishek Kumar Mishra
- Department
of Physics, Applied Science Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES),
Energy Acres Building, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007 Uttrakhand, India
| | - Niklas Wolff
- Chair
for Synthesis and Real Structure, Faculty of Engineering, Department
of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Drewes
- Chair
for Multicomponent Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Department of
Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Helge Krüger
- Functional
Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Vahl
- Chair
for Multicomponent Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Department of
Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oleg Lupan
- Center
for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Department of Microelectronics
and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Computers, Informatics and
Microelectronics, Technical University of
Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare str., MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
- Functional
Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
- PSL Université,
Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F, 75005 Paris, France
- Department
of Physics, University of Central Florida, Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2385, United States
| | - Thierry Pauporté
- PSL Université,
Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Viana
- PSL Université,
Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lorenz Kienle
- Chair
for Synthesis and Real Structure, Faculty of Engineering, Department
of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional
Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nora H de Leeuw
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hansen
- Functional
Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
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Xiang J, Su Y, Zhang L, Hong S, Wang Z, Han D, Gu F. Atomically Dispersed Pt on Three-Dimensional Ordered Macroporous SnO 2 for Highly Sensitive and Highly Selective Detection of Triethylamine at a Low Working Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13440-13449. [PMID: 35275487 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triethylamine (TEA) is a widely used volatile organic chemical, which is harmful and can cause headache, dizziness, and respiratory discomfort. Developing an efficient sensor to detect trace amounts of TEA is significant for industrial and healthcare monitoring. In this work, SnO2 with a three-dimensional ordered macroporous structure (3DOM) was prepared through a polymethylmethacrylate sphere template route. The TEA sensing performance of the 3DOM SnO2 was enhanced through Pt loading. Aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy images and X-ray absorption fine-structure analysis indicate that Pt on the 3DOM 0.20% Pt/SnO2 surface mainly exists in the state of atomic dispersion, which results in more active sites, higher Hall mobility and active oxygen contents, and lower response energy barriers. The 0.20% Pt/SnO2 sensor has a low operating temperature of 80 °C and a low limit of detection (0.32 ppb). Because of the uniform adsorption of TEA on the atomically dispersed Pt, the 3DOM Pt/SnO2 sensor exhibits high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Song Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fubo Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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One-Dimensional Nanomaterials in Resistive Gas Sensor: From Material Design to Application. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With a series of widespread applications, resistive gas sensors are considered to be promising candidates for gas detection, benefiting from their small size, ease-of-fabrication, low power consumption and outstanding maintenance properties. One-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials, which have large specific surface areas, abundant exposed active sites and high length-to-diameter ratios, enable fast charge transfers and gas-sensitive reactions. They can also significantly enhance the sensitivity and response speed of resistive gas sensors. The features and sensing mechanism of current resistive gas sensors and the potential advantages of 1-D nanomaterials in resistive gas sensors are firstly reviewed. This review systematically summarizes the design and optimization strategies of 1-D nanomaterials for high-performance resistive gas sensors, including doping, heterostructures and composites. Based on the monitoring requirements of various characteristic gases, the available applications of this type of gas sensors are also classified and reviewed in the three categories of environment, safety and health. The direction and priorities for the future development of resistive gas sensors are laid out.
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Cheng P, Wang Y, Wang C, Ma J, Xu L, Lv C, Sun Y. Investigation of doping effects of different noble metals for ethanol gas sensors based on mesoporous In 2O 3. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:305503. [PMID: 33794509 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elaborating the sensitization effects of different noble metals on In2O3has great significance in providing an optimum method to improve ethanol sensing performance. In this study, long-range ordered mesoporous In2O3has been fabricated through replicating the structure of SBA-15. Different noble metals (Au, Ag, Pt and Pd) with the same doping amount (1 at%) have been introduced by anin situdoping routine. The results of the gas sensing investigation indicate that the gas responses towards ethanol can be obviously increased by doping different noble metals. In particular, the best sensing performance towards ethanol detection can be achieved through Pd doping, and the sensors based on Pd-doped In2O3not only possess the highest response (39.0-100 ppm ethanol) but also have the shortest response and recovery times at the optimal operating temperature of 250 °C. The sensing mechanism of noble metal doped materials can be attributed to the synergetic effect combining 'catalysis' and 'electronic and chemical sensitization' of noble metals. In particular, the chemical state of the noble metal also has a great influence on the gas sensing mechanism. A detailed explanation of the enhancement of gas sensing performance through noble metal doping is presented in the gas sensing mechanism part of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cheng
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglin Wang
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Xu
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Lv
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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Dai Z, Liang T, Lee JH. Gas sensors using ordered macroporous oxide nanostructures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:1626-1639. [PMID: 36134246 PMCID: PMC9417045 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Detection and monitoring of harmful and toxic gases have gained increased interest in relation to worldwide environmental issues. Semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors have been considered promising for the facile remote detection of gases and vapors over the past decades. However, their sensing performance is still a challenge to meet the demands for practical applications where excellent sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and response/recovery rate are imperative. Therefore, sensing materials with novel architectures and fabrication processes have been pursued with a flurry of research activity. In particular, the preparation of ordered macroporous metal oxide nanostructures is regarded as an intriguing candidate wherein ordered aperture sizes in the range from 50 nm to 1.5 μm can increase the chemical diffusion rate and considerably strengthen the performance stability and repeatability. This review highlights the recent advances in the fabrication of ordered macroporous nanostructures with different dimensions and compositions, discusses the sensing behavior evolution governed by structural layouts, hierarchy, doping, and heterojunctions, as well as considering their general principles and future prospects. This would provide a clear scale for others to tune the sensing performance of porous materials in terms of specific components and structural designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 People's Republic of China
| | - Jong-Heun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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Gu F, Li C, Han D, Wang Z. Manipulating the Defect Structure (V O) of In 2O 3 Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Formaldehyde Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:933-942. [PMID: 29260847 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Because defects such as oxygen vacancies (VO) can affect the properties of nanomaterials, investigating the defect structure-function relationship are attracting intense attention. However, it remains an enormous challenge to the synthesis of nanomaterials with high sensing performance by manipulating VO because understanding the role of surface or bulk VO on the sensing properties of metal oxides is still missing. Herein, In2O3 nanoparticles with different contents of surface and bulk VO were obtained by hydrogen reduction treatment, and the role of surface or bulk VO on the sensing properties of In2O3 was investigated. The X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, electron paramagnetic resonance, photoluminescence, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Hall analysis, and the sensing results indicate that bulk VO can decrease the band gap and energy barrier and increase the carrier mobility, hence facilitating the formation of chemisorbed oxygen and enhancing the sensing response. Benefiting from bulk VO, In2O3-H10 exhibits the highest response, good selectivity, and stability for formaldehyde detection. However, surface VO does not contribute to the improvement of formaldehyde-sensing performance, and the black In2O3-H30 with the highest content of surface VO exhibits the lowest response. Our work provides a novel strategy for the synthesis of nanomaterials with high sensing performance by manipulating VO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubo Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chunju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
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