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Gasperini B, Falvino A, Piccirilli E, Tarantino U, Botta A, Visconti VV. Methylation of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene in Human Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:107. [PMID: 38203278 PMCID: PMC10779104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) mediates the actions of 1,25-Dihydroxvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), which has important roles in bone homeostasis, growth/differentiation of cells, immune functions, and reduction of inflammation. Emerging evidences suggest that epigenetic modifications of the VDR gene, particularly DNA methylation, may contribute to the onset and progression of many human disorders. This review aims to summarize the available information on the role of VDR methylation signatures in different pathological contexts, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cancer, and others. The reversible nature of DNA methylation could enable the development of therapeutic strategies, offering new avenues for the management of these worldwide diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Gasperini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
| | - Angela Falvino
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
| | - Eleonora Piccirilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (U.T.)
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (U.T.)
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
| | - Virginia Veronica Visconti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
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Ndzeidze R, Leestemaker-Palmer A, Danelishvili L, Bermudez LE. Virulent Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis subverts macrophages during early stages of infection. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35133955 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Virulent non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTMs) successfully reside and multiply within the phagosomes of phagocytic cells such as monocytes and macrophages. Macrophages play a very important role in the innate clearance of intracellular pathogens including NTMs. Attenuated Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis 100 enters macrophages but is incapable of escaping these cells via canonical mycobacteria escape mechanisms. Alternatively, virulent Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis 104 and Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus are able to modify macrophages to suit their growth, survival and ultimately escape from macrophages, while non-virulent Mycobacterium smegmatis is readily killed by macrophages. In this study we focused on early infection of macrophages with NTMs to determine the phenotypic response of macrophages, M1 or M2 differentiation, and phosphorylation alterations that can affect cellular response to invading bacteria. Our findings indicate that infection of the macrophage with MAH 100 and M. smegmatis favours the development of M1 macrophage, a pro-inflammatory phenotype associated with the killing of intracellular pathogens, while infection of the macrophage with MAH 104 and M. abscessus favoured the development of M2 macrophage, an anti-inflammatory phenotype associated with the healing process. Interference with the host post-translational mechanisms, such as protein phosphorylation, is a key strategy used by many intracellular bacterial pathogens to modulate macrophage phenotype and subvert macrophage function. By comparing protein phosphorylation patterns of infected macrophages, we observed that uptake of both MAH 100 and M. smegmatis resulted in MARCKS-related protein phosphorylation, which has been associated with macrophage activation. In contrast, in macrophages infected with MAH 104 and M. abscessus, methionine adenosyltransferase IIβ, an enzyme that catalyses the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, a methyl donor for DNA methylation. Inhibition of DNA methylation with 5-aza-2 deoxycytidine, significantly impaired the survival of MAH 104 in macrophages. Our findings suggest that the virulent MAH 104 and M. abscessus enhance its survival in the macrophage possibly through interference with the epigenome responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ndzeidze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Amy Leestemaker-Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lia Danelishvili
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Luiz E Bermudez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Immunomodulation by epigenome alterations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 128:102077. [PMID: 33812175 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has co-evolved with humans for decades and developed several mechanisms to evade host immunity. It can efficiently alter the host epigenome, thus playing a major role in immunomodulation by either activating or suppressing genes responsible for mounting an immune response against the pathogen. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and chromatin remodelling regulate gene expression and influence several cellular processes. The involvement of epigenetic factors in disease onset and development had been overlooked upon in comparison to genetic mutations. It is now believed that assessment of epigenetic changes hold great potential in diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies for a wide range of diseases. In this review, we unravel the principles of epigenetics and the numerous ways by which MTB re-shapes the host epigenetic landscape as a strategy to overpower the host immune system for its survival and persistence.
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Maruthai K, Sankar S, Subramanian M. Methylation Status of VDR Gene and its Association with Vitamin D Status and VDR Gene Expression in Pediatric Tuberculosis Disease. Immunol Invest 2020; 51:73-87. [PMID: 32847384 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1810702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency in circulatory vitamin D level and vitamin D receptor DNA methylation could be associated with weakened innate immune response and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) disease in children. Therefore, we aimed to study the effect of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene methylation on plasma vitamin D level and the expression of the VDR gene in children with active-TB disease. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in 43 children with active-TB and 33 healthy control children (HC). The vitamin D level was measured in plasma, while the levels of VDR gene promoter methylation and VDR gene expression were measured in peripheral blood. Children with active-TB showed a significantly lower median vitamin D level than HC [Cases 17.18 ng/mL (IQR, 8.3-18.6 ng/mL); HC 41.34 ng/mL (IQR, 40.2-43.49 ng/mL) (p<0.0001)] and decreased mRNA expression level of VDR gene [Cases 0.51 (IQR, 0.40-0.70); HC 1.06 (IQR, 0.8-1.2) (p<0.0001)] and increased VDR DNA methylation [Cases 75% (IQR, 50-75%); HC 10% (IQR, 10-25%) (p<0.0001)]. The VDR hypermethylation is significantly associated with reduced vitamin D level and decreased expression level of VDR gene. Therefore this inverse association could be involved in the impairment in the VDR mediated cytolytic and antimicrobial effector cell response in pediatric TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathirvel Maruthai
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Saranya Sankar
- Department of Neonatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Mahadevan Subramanian
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Yang Y, Jiang Y, Xie D, Liu M, Song N, Zhu J, Fan J, Zhu C. Inhibition of cell-adhesion protein DPYSL3 promotes metastasis of lung cancer. Respir Res 2018; 19:41. [PMID: 29514686 PMCID: PMC5842641 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous screening study suggested that the cell-adhesions protein Dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 (DPYSL3) was a candidate metastatic lung cancer related molecule. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between DPYSL3 and metastatic lung cancer. METHODS Stable DPYSL3 knockdown Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were constructed with a retroviral system. Cell migration and invasion assays were performed to determine the role of DPYSL3 in LLC cells' migration and invasion changes. A metastatic lung tumor model in which the stable DPYSL3 knockdown LLC cells were injected through tail vein was used to analyze the role of DPYSL3 in tumor metastasis in vivo. The correlation between DPYSL3 expression and the survival time of lung cancer patients were analyzed in KMPLOT database. RESULTS Knockdown of DPYSL3 promoted the migratory and invasive of LLC cells compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the motility of LLC cells was also increased with the inhibition of DPYSL3. The TGFβ-induced EMT increased when DPYSL3 was inhibited. The expression of EMT markers, TWIST1 and N-cadherin, significantly increased to almost two times with the knockdown of DPYSL3. Furthermore, inhibition of DPYSL3 promoted the progression of metastatic xenograft in C57BL/6 mice. The expression level of DPYSL3 decreased in lung cancer patients with distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of DPYSL3 promoted the metastatic ability of LLC cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Dong Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Nan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Chenfang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Discipline Construction Research Center of China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju road, Shanghai, 200011 China
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