1
|
Gou S, Zhang X, Xu Y, Tang J, Ji Y, Imranc M, Pan L, Li J, Liu BT. Inhibiting dissolution strategy achieving high-performance sodium titanium phosphate hybrid anode in seawater-based dual-ion battery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 675:429-437. [PMID: 38981252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous sodium-ion batteries (ASIBs) show great promise as candidates for large-scale energy storage. However, the potential of ASIB is impeded by the limited availability of suitable anode types and the occurrence of dissolution side reactions linked to hydrogen evolution. In this study, we addressed these challenges by developing a Bi-coating modified anode based on a sodium titanium phosphate (NTP)-carbon fibers (CFs) hybrid electrode (NTP-CFs/Bi). The Bi-coating effectively mitigates the localized enrichment of hydroxyl anion (OH-) near the NTP surface, thus addressing the dissolution issue. Notably, the Bi-coating not only restricts the local abundance of OH- to inhibit dissolution but also ensures a higher capacity compared with other NTP-based anodes. Consequently, the NTP-CFs/Bi anode demonstrates an impressive specific capacity of 216.8 mAh/g at 0.2 mV/s and maintains a 90.7 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 6.3 A/g. This achievement sets a new capacity record among NTP-based anodes for sodium storage. Furthermore, when paired with a cathode composed of hydroxy nickel oxide directly grown on Ni foam, we assembled a seawater-based cell exhibiting high energy and power densities, surpassing the most recently reported ASIBs. This groundbreaking work lays the foundation for a potential method to develop long-life NTP-based anodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siying Gou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of surface and interface electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of surface and interface electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yuanhu Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of surface and interface electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiahao Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of surface and interface electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yingying Ji
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Muhammad Imranc
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Likun Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Jinliang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of surface and interface electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Bo-Tian Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of surface and interface electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Che C, Wu F, Li Y, Li Y, Li S, Wu C, Bai Y. Challenges and Breakthroughs in Enhancing Temperature Tolerance of Sodium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402291. [PMID: 38635166 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Lithium-based batteries (LBBs) have been highly researched and recognized as a mature electrochemical energy storage (EES) system in recent years. However, their stability and effectiveness are primarily confined to room temperature conditions. At temperatures significantly below 0 °C or above 60 °C, LBBs experience substantial performance degradation. Under such challenging extreme contexts, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) emerge as a promising complementary technology, distinguished by their fast dynamics at low-temperature regions and superior safety under elevated temperatures. Notably, developing SIBs suitable for wide-temperature usage still presents significant challenges, particularly for specific applications such as electric vehicles, renewable energy storage, and deep-space/polar explorations, which requires a thorough understanding of how SIBs perform under different temperature conditions. By reviewing the development of wide-temperature SIBs, the influence of temperature on the parameters related to battery performance, such as reaction constant, charge transfer resistance, etc., is systematically and comprehensively analyzed. The review emphasizes challenges encountered by SIBs in both low and high temperatures while exploring recent advancements in SIB materials, specifically focusing on strategies to enhance battery performance across diverse temperature ranges. Overall, insights gained from these studies will drive the development of SIBs that can handle the challenges posed by diverse and harsh climates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Che
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, P. R. China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, P. R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu S, Yang Y, Tang F, Yao Y, Lv X, Liu L, Xu C, Feng Y, Rui X, Yu Y. Vanadium fluorophosphates: advanced cathode materials for next-generation secondary batteries. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1901-1923. [PMID: 36942608 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00003f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation secondary batteries including sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are considered the most promising candidates for application to large-scale energy storage systems due to their abundant, evenly distributed and cost-effective sodium/potassium raw materials. The electrochemical performance of SIBs (PIBs) significantly depends on the inherent characteristics of the cathode material. Among the wide variety of cathode materials, sodium/potassium vanadium fluorophosphate (denoted as MVPF, M = Na and K) composites are widely investigated due to their fast ion transportation and robust structure. However, their poor electron conductivity leads to low specific capacity and poor rate capacity, limiting the further application of MVPF cathodes in large-scale energy storage. Accordingly, several modification strategies have been proposed to improve the performance of MVPF such as conductive coating, morphological regulation, and heteroatomic doping, which boost the electronic conductivity of these cathodes and enhance Na (K) ion transportation. Furthermore, the development and application of MVPF cathodes in SIBs at low temperatures are also outlined. Finally, we present a brief summary of the remaining challenges and corresponding strategies for the future development of MVPF cathodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shitan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Fang Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yu Yao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Xiang Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chen Xu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuezhan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xianhong Rui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yan Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu Z, Wang J, Feng W, Yin X, Feng X, Zhao S, Li C, Wang R, Huang QA, Zhao Y. Zinc Single-Atom-Regulated Hard Carbons for High-Rate and Low-Temperature Sodium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2211461. [PMID: 36946678 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hard carbons, as one of the most commercializable anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), have to deal with the trade-off between the rate capability and specific capacity or initial Columbic efficiency (ICE), and the fast performance decline at low temperature (LT) remains poorly understood. Here, a comprehensive regulation on the interfacial/bulk electrochemistry of hard carbons through atomic Zn doping is reported, which demonstrates a record-high reversible capacity (546 mAh g-1 ), decent ICE (84%), remarkable rate capability (140 mAh g-1 @ 50 A g-1 ), and excellent LT capacity (443 mAh g-1 @ -40 °C), outperforming the state-of-the-art literature. This work reveals that the Zn doping can generally induce a local electric field to enable fast bulk Na+ transportation, and meanwhile catalyze the decomposition of NaPF6 to form a robust inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte interphase, which elaborates the underlying origin of the boosted electrochemical performance. Importantly, distinguished from room temperature, the intrinsic Na+ migration/desolvation ability of the electrolyte is disclosed to be the crucial rate-determining factors for the SIB performance at LT. This work provides a fundamental understanding on the charge-storage kinetics at varied temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiu Lu
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemistry Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Wuliang Feng
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiuping Yin
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaochen Feng
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shengyu Zhao
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Caixia Li
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ruixiao Wang
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qiu-An Huang
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Li Z, Tang S, Wang T, Wang K, Pan L, Wang C. Sodium titanium phosphate nanocube decorated on tablet-like carbon for robust sodium storage performance at low temperature. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:121-132. [PMID: 36152570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries, featuring resource abundance and similar working mechanisms to lithium-ion batteries, have gained extensive interest in both scientific exploration and industrial applications. However, the extremely sluggish reaction kinetics of charge carrier (Na+) at subzero temperatures significantly reduces their specific capacities and cycling life. Herein, this study presents a novel hybrid structure with sodium titanium phosphate (NaTi2(PO4)3, NTP) nanocube in-situ decorated on tablet-like carbon (NTP/C), which manifests superior sodium storage performances at low temperatures. At even -25 °C, a stable cycling with a specific capacity of 94.3 mAh/g can still be maintained after 200 cycles at 0.5 A/g, delivering a high capacity retention of 91.5 % compared with that at room temperature, along with an excellent rate capability. Generally, the superionic conductor structure, flat voltage plateaus, as well as the conductive carbonaceous framework can efficiently facilitate the charge transfer, accelerate the diffusion of Na+, and decrease the electrochemical polarization. Moreover, further investigations on diffusion kinetics, solid electrolyte interface layer, and the interaction between NTP and carbonaceous skeleton reveal its high Na+ diffusion coefficient, robust solid electrolyte interface, and strong electronic interaction, thus contributing to the superior capacity retentions at subzero temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Si-Wang-Ting Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China.
| | - Ziqian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Si-Wang-Ting Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Shaocong Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Si-Wang-Ting Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Si-Wang-Ting Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Likun Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Chengyin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Si-Wang-Ting Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
NaTi2(PO4)3 nanoparticles embedded in double carbon networks as a negative electrode for an aqueous sodium-polyiodide flow battery. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
7
|
Que LF, Yu FD, Xia Y, Deng L, Goh K, Liu C, Jiang YS, Sui XL, Wang ZB. Enhancing Na-Ion Storage at Subzero Temperature via Interlayer Confinement of Sn 2. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13765-13774. [PMID: 33025784 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sluggish kinetics and limited reversible capacity present two major challenges for layered titanates to achieve satisfactory sodium-ion storage performance at subzero-temperatures (subzero-T). To facilitate sodiation dynamics and improve reversible capacity, we proposed an additive-free anode with Sn(II) located between layers. Sn-5s in interlayer-confining Sn(II), which has a larger negative charge, will hybridize with O-2p to trigger charge redistribution, thereby enhancing electronic conductivity. H-titanates with an open framework are designed to stabilize Sn(II) and restrain subsequent volume expansion, which could potentially surpass the capacity limitation of titanate-based materials via a joint alloying-intercalation reaction with high reversibility. Moreover, the generation of conductive Na14Sn4 and the expansion of interlayer spacing resulting from the interlayered alloying reaction are beneficial for charge transfer. These effects synergistically endow the modified sample with a considerably lower activation energy and a 3-fold increase in diffusion. Consequently, the designed anode delivers excellent subzero-T adaptability when compared to the unmodified sample, maintaining capacity retention of 91% after 1200 cycles at -20 °C and 90% after 850 cycles at -30 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Fang Que
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Fu-Da Yu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yang Xia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liang Deng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kokswee Goh
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yun-Shan Jiang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xu-Lei Sui
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun R, Zhang X, San Hui K, Zhang K, Xu G, Li C, Ma J, He W. NaTi
2
(PO
4
)
3
/N‐Doped Hard Carbon Nanocomposites with Sandwich Structure for High‐Performance Na‐Ion Full Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sun
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan 250353 China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan 250353 China
| | - Kwan San Hui
- Energy and Environment Laboratory, School of Engineering University of East Anglia (UEA) Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
| | - Keliang Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan 250353 China
| | - Guogang Xu
- College of Material Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266590 China
| | - Changgang Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan 250353 China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan 250353 China
| | - Wen He
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan 250353 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pu X, Wang H, Zhao D, Yang H, Ai X, Cao S, Chen Z, Cao Y. Recent Progress in Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Batteries: toward High-Power Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805427. [PMID: 30773812 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demands for renewable energy to substitute traditional fossil fuels and related large-scale energy storage systems (EES) drive developments in battery technology and applications today. The lithium-ion battery (LIB), the trendsetter of rechargeable batteries, has dominated the market for portable electronics and electric vehicles and is seeking a participant opportunity in the grid-scale battery market. However, there has been a growing concern regarding the cost and resource availability of lithium. The sodium-ion battery (SIB) is regarded as an ideal battery choice for grid-scale EES owing to its similar electrochemistry to the LIB and the crust abundance of Na resources. Because of the participation in frequency regulation, high pulse-power capability is essential for the implanted SIBs in EES. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the exploration of high-power cathode and anode materials for SIB is presented, and deep understanding of the inherent host structure, sodium storage mechanism, Na+ diffusion kinetics, together with promising strategies to promote the rate performance is provided. This work may shed light on the classification and screening of alternative high rate electrode materials and provide guidance for the design and application of high power SIBs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Pu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hanxi Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xinping Ai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shunan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhongxue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuliang Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu M, Ni W, Hu J, Ma J. NASICON-Structured NaTi 2(PO 4) 3 for Sustainable Energy Storage. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2019; 11:44. [PMID: 34138016 PMCID: PMC7770786 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-019-0273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Several emerging energy storage technologies and systems have been demonstrated that feature low cost, high rate capability, and durability for potential use in large-scale grid and high-power applications. Owing to its outstanding ion conductivity, ultrafast Na-ion insertion kinetics, excellent structural stability, and large theoretical capacity, the sodium superionic conductor (NASICON)-structured insertion material NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP) has attracted considerable attention as the optimal electrode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and Na-ion hybrid capacitors (NHCs). On the basis of recent studies, NaTi2(PO4)3 has raised the rate capabilities, cycling stability, and mass loading of rechargeable SIBs and NHCs to commercially acceptable levels. In this comprehensive review, starting with the structures and electrochemical properties of NTP, we present recent progress in the application of NTP to SIBs, including non-aqueous batteries, aqueous batteries, aqueous batteries with desalination, and sodium-ion hybrid capacitors. After a thorough discussion of the unique NASICON structure of NTP, various strategies for improving the performance of NTP electrode have been presented and summarized in detail. Further, the major challenges and perspectives regarding the prospects for the use of NTP-based electrodes in energy storage systems have also been summarized to offer a guideline for further improving the performance of NTP-based electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingguang Wu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ni
- Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Hu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianmin Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Quantifying the factors limiting rate performance in battery electrodes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1933. [PMID: 31036866 PMCID: PMC6488605 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
One weakness of batteries is the rapid falloff in charge-storage capacity with increasing charge/discharge rate. Rate performance is related to the timescales associated with charge/ionic motion in both electrode and electrolyte. However, no general fittable model exists to link capacity-rate data to electrode/electrolyte properties. Here we demonstrate an equation which can fit capacity versus rate data, outputting three parameters which fully describe rate performance. Most important is the characteristic time associated with charge/discharge which can be linked by a second equation to physical electrode/electrolyte parameters via various rate-limiting processes. We fit these equations to ~200 data sets, deriving parameters such as diffusion coefficients or electrolyte conductivities. It is possible to show which rate-limiting processes are dominant in a given situation, facilitating rational design and cell optimisation. In addition, this model predicts the upper speed limit for lithium/sodium ion batteries, yielding a value that is consistent with the fastest electrodes in the literature.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang L, Huang Z, Wang B, Luo H, Cheng M, Yuan Y, He K, Foroozan T, Deivanayagam R, Liu G, Wang D, Shahbazian-Yassar R. Metal-organic framework derived 3D graphene decorated NaTi 2(PO 4) 3 for fast Na-ion storage. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7347-7357. [PMID: 30938740 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
NASCION-type materials featuring super ionic conductivity are of considerable interest for energy storage in sodium ion batteries. However, the issue of inherent poor electronic conductivity of these materials represents a fundamental limitation in their utilization as battery electrodes. Here, for the first time, we develop a facile strategy for the synthesis of NASICON-type NaTi2(PO4)3/reduced graphene oxide (NTP-rGO) Na-ion anode materials from three-dimensional (3D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The selected MOF serves as an in situ etching template for the titanium resource, and importantly, endows the materials with structure-directing properties for the self-assembly of graphene oxide (GO) through a one-step solvothermal process. Through the subsequent carbonization, an rGO decorated NTP architecture is obtained, which offers fast electron transfer and improved Na+ ion accessibility to active sites. Benefiting from its unique structural merits, the NTP-rGO exhibits improved sodium storage properties in terms of high capacity, excellent rate performance and good cycling life. We believe that the findings of this work provide new opportunities to design high performance NASICON-type materials for energy storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang L, Huang Z, Wang B, Liu G, Cheng M, Yuan Y, Luo H, Gao T, Wang D, Shahbazian-Yassar R. Purifying the Phase of NaTi 2(PO 4) 3 for Enhanced Na + Storage Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10663-10671. [PMID: 30807096 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are increasingly on demand owning to their prospect as an inexpensive alternative to Li-ion batteries. However, designing electrode materials with satisfactory rate capacity performance requires high electron transport and Na+ conductivity, which is extremely challenging. Herein, we report a hexadecylamine (HDA)-mediated synthesis of NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP) electrodes via one-step solvothermal process. The addition of HDA material (1) enables the formation of a carbon coating that improves the electron conductivity and (2) importantly serves as a structure-directing agent reducing the NTP-impurity phases in which the transport of Na+ ions are sluggish. As a result, the synthesized NTP anode delivers superior rate of capacity retention of 77.8% under the 100-fold increase in current densities. Moreover, outstanding specific capacity of 117.9 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C and capacity retention of 88.6% after 1500 cycles at 1 C can be obtained. The findings of this work provide new opportunity to design SIBs electrodes with superior electrical and ionic conductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , No. 92 West Dazhi Street , 150001 Harbin , China
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Zhennan Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Bo Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , No. 92 West Dazhi Street , 150001 Harbin , China
| | - Guijing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Material Science , Ludong University , 264025 Yantai , China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Yifei Yuan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Hao Luo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , No. 92 West Dazhi Street , 150001 Harbin , China
| | - Tiantian Gao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , No. 92 West Dazhi Street , 150001 Harbin , China
| | - Dianlong Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , No. 92 West Dazhi Street , 150001 Harbin , China
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tao F, Qin L, Chu Y, Zhou X, Pan Q. Sodium Hyaluronate: A Versatile Polysaccharide toward Intrinsically Self-Healable Energy-Storage Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:3136-3141. [PMID: 30596419 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-healability is an attractive feature for next-generation energy-storage devices aiming at flexible/wearable electronics. However, realizing self-healability usually involves complicated molecular design and synthetic processes. Here, we demonstrate that sodium hyaluronate (SH), a kind of natural polysaccharide, can be used as a versatile polymer to facile fabricate intrinsically self-healable energy-storage devices. Self-healable sodium ion batteries and asymmetric capacitors are fabricated by integrating their electroactive components into dynamic SH networks cross-linked via borate ester bonding. The devices autonomously recover their configuration integrity, microstructure, and mechanical and electrochemical properties even after nine cycles of breaking/healing, exhibiting excellent reliability, easy maintenance, and superior safety. The electrochemical performances and self-healability are estimated to be the best among those of the existing self-healable energy-storage devices. This facile and versatile strategy might greatly accelerate the design and fabrication of smart and robust energy-storage devices applicable for advanced flexible electronics or soft robot, and so on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Liming Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Ying Chu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Qinmin Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Size controlling and surface engineering enable NaTi2(PO4)3/C outstanding sodium storage properties. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Zhang L, Wang X, Deng W, Zang X, Liu C, Li C, Chen J, Xue M, Li R, Pan F. An open holey structure enhanced rate capability in a NaTi 2(PO 4) 3/C nanocomposite and provided ultralong-life sodium-ion storage. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:958-963. [PMID: 29143051 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07000d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-ion battery (SIB) technology is competitive in the fields of transportation and grid storage, which require electrode materials showing rapid energy conversion (high rate capability) and long cycle life. In this work, a NaTi2(PO4)3/C (NTP/C) nanocomposite with an open holey-structured framework was successfully prepared for the first time using a solvothermal reaction followed by pyrolysis. The nanocomposite realized fast sodium-ion transport and thus preferable battery performances. Within the wide rate range of 0.5-50C, only a very small decrease in capacity from 124 to 120 mA h g-1 was observed. A high discharge capacity of 103 mA h g-1 (88.3% retention of the 1st cycle) was delivered even after 10 000 cycles at an ultrahigh rate of 50C without any obvious morphological change and without structural pulverization. Forming open channels for ion transport proved to contribute to such performance enhancement and therefore has the potential to become a universal model for the development of sustainable electrode materials in SIBs and other battery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuxin Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu G, Li Z, Wei X, Yang L, Chu PK. Monolithic Hierarchical Carbon Assemblies Embedded with Mesoporous NaTi2(PO4)3 Nanocrystals for Flexible High-Performance Sodium Anodes. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Wang Q, Zhao C, Lu Y, Li Y, Zheng Y, Qi Y, Rong X, Jiang L, Qi X, Shao Y, Pan D, Li B, Hu YS, Chen L. Advanced Nanostructured Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701835. [PMID: 28926687 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs), due to the advantages of low cost and relatively high safety, have attracted widespread attention all over the world, making them a promising candidate for large-scale energy storage systems. However, the inherent lower energy density to lithium-ion batteries is the issue that should be further investigated and optimized. Toward the grid-level energy storage applications, designing and discovering appropriate anode materials for NIBs are of great concern. Although many efforts on the improvements and innovations are achieved, several challenges still limit the current requirements of the large-scale application, including low energy/power densities, moderate cycle performance, and the low initial Coulombic efficiency. Advanced nanostructured strategies for anode materials can significantly improve ion or electron transport kinetic performance enhancing the electrochemical properties of battery systems. Herein, this Review intends to provide a comprehensive summary on the progress of nanostructured anode materials for NIBs, where representative examples and corresponding storage mechanisms are discussed. Meanwhile, the potential directions to obtain high-performance anode materials of NIBs are also proposed, which provide references for the further development of advanced anode materials for NIBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Wang
- Division of Energy and Environment, Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yaxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yunming Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuruo Qi
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaohui Rong
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinguo Qi
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuanjun Shao
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Du Pan
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Baohua Li
- Division of Energy and Environment, Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Hu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liquan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fang Y, Zhang J, Xiao L, Ai X, Cao Y, Yang H. Phosphate Framework Electrode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600392. [PMID: 28546907 PMCID: PMC5441506 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a promising alternative for the next generation of electric storage systems due to their similar electrochemistry to Li-ion batteries and the low cost of sodium resources. Exploring appropriate electrode materials with decent electrochemical performance is the key issue for development of sodium ion batteries. Due to the high structural stability, facile reaction mechanism and rich structural diversity, phosphate framework materials have attracted increasing attention as promising electrode materials for sodium ion batteries. Herein, we review the latest advances and progresses in the exploration of phosphate framework materials especially related to single-phosphates, pyrophosphates and mixed-phosphates. We provide the detailed and comprehensive understanding of structure-composition-performance relationship of materials and try to show the advantages and disadvantages of the materials for use in SIBs. In addition, some new perspectives about phosphate framework materials for SIBs are also discussed. Phosphate framework materials will be a competitive and attractive choice for use as electrodes in the next-generation of energy storage devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Fang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesHubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P.R. China
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesHubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P.R. China
| | - Lifen Xiao
- College of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P.R. China
| | - Xinping Ai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesHubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Cao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesHubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P.R. China
| | - Hanxi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesHubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|