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Lu Z, Wang J, Feng W, Yin X, Feng X, Zhao S, Li C, Wang R, Huang QA, Zhao Y. Zinc Single-Atom-Regulated Hard Carbons for High-Rate and Low-Temperature Sodium-Ion Batteries. Adv Mater 2023:e2211461. [PMID: 36946678 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hard carbons, as one of the most commercializable anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), have to deal with the trade-off between the rate capability and specific capacity or initial Columbic efficiency (ICE), and the fast performance decline at low temperature (LT) remains poorly understood. Here, a comprehensive regulation on the interfacial/bulk electrochemistry of hard carbons through atomic Zn doping is reported, which demonstrates a record-high reversible capacity (546 mAh g-1 ), decent ICE (84%), remarkable rate capability (140 mAh g-1 @ 50 A g-1 ), and excellent LT capacity (443 mAh g-1 @ -40 °C), outperforming the state-of-the-art literature. This work reveals that the Zn doping can generally induce a local electric field to enable fast bulk Na+ transportation, and meanwhile catalyze the decomposition of NaPF6 to form a robust inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte interphase, which elaborates the underlying origin of the boosted electrochemical performance. Importantly, distinguished from room temperature, the intrinsic Na+ migration/desolvation ability of the electrolyte is disclosed to be the crucial rate-determining factors for the SIB performance at LT. This work provides a fundamental understanding on the charge-storage kinetics at varied temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiu Lu
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemistry Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Wuliang Feng
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiuping Yin
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaochen Feng
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shengyu Zhao
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Caixia Li
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ruixiao Wang
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qiu-An Huang
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- College of Sciences and Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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