1
|
Abdullah S, Ganguly S. An overview of imidazole and its analogues as potent anticancer agents. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1621-1646. [PMID: 37727960 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The quest for novel, physiologically active imidazoles remains an exciting topic of research among medicinal chemists. The imidazole ring is a five-membered aromatic heterocycle that is found in both natural and synthesized compounds. Multiple anticancer drug classes are currently available on the market, but concerns including toxicity, limited efficacy and solubility have lowered the overall therapeutic index. Therefore, the hunt for new potential chemotherapeutic agents persists. The development of imidazole as a reliable and safer alternative to anticancer treatment is generating much attention among experts. Tubulin or microtubule polymerization inhibition and changes in the structure and function of DNA, VEGF, topoisomerase, kinases, histone deacetylases and certain other proteins that affect gene expression are among the putative targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salik Abdullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Swastika Ganguly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hengphasatporn K, Aiebchun T, Mahalapbutr P, Auepattanapong A, Khaikate O, Choowongkomon K, Kuhakarn C, Meesin J, Shigeta Y, Rungrotmongkol T. Sulfonylated Indeno[1,2- c]quinoline Derivatives as Potent EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19645-19655. [PMID: 37305292 PMCID: PMC10249031 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been considered a potential target for lung cancer therapy due to its essential role in regulating the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Although erlotinib, a potent EGFR tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) inhibitor, has been used as the first-line drug for lung cancer treatment, acquired drug resistance caused by the T790M secondary mutation of EGFR-TK inevitably develops after a median response duration of 9-13 months. Thus, the search for promising compounds to effectively target EGFR-TK has become an imperative necessity. In this study, the kinase inhibitory activities of a series of sulfonylated indeno[1,2-c]quinolines (SIQs) against EGFR-TK were experimentally and theoretically investigated. Among the 23 SIQ derivatives studied, eight compounds showed enhanced EGFR-TK inhibitory activity (IC50 values of ca. 0.6-10.2 nM) compared to the known drug erlotinib (IC50 of ∼20 nM). In a cell-based assay in human cancer cell lines with EGFR overexpression (A549 and A431 cells), the eight selected SIQs all showed more significant cytotoxicity against A431 than A549 cells, consistent with the higher EGFR expression in A431 cells. Molecular docking and FMO-RIMP2/PCM calculations revealed that SIQ17 occupies the ATP-binding site of EGFR-TK, where its sulfonyl group is mainly stabilized by C797, L718, and E762 residues. Triplicate 500 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations also confirmed the binding strength of SIQ17 in complex with EGFR. Overall, the potent SIQ compounds obtained in this work could be further optimized for developing novel anticancer drug candidates targeting EGFR-TK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kowit Hengphasatporn
- Center
for Computational Sciences, University of
Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Thitinan Aiebchun
- Center
of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon
Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Atima Auepattanapong
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Onnicha Khaikate
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Meesin
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut’s
Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center
for Computational Sciences, University of
Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center
of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Program
in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghorab MM, M Soliman A, El-Sayyad GS, Abdel-Kader MS, El-Batal AI. Synthesis, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Activities of Some Novel 7-Methoxyquinoline Derivatives Bearing Sulfonamide Moiety against Urinary Tract Infection-Causing Pathogenic Microbes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108933. [PMID: 37240275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of 4-((7-methoxyquinolin-4-yl) amino)-N-(substituted) benzenesulfonamide 3(a-s) was synthesized via the reaction of 4-chloro-7-methoxyquinoline 1 with various sulfa drugs. The structural elucidation was verified based on spectroscopic data analysis. All the target compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and unicellular fungi. The results revealed that compound 3l has the highest effect on most tested bacterial and unicellular fungal strains. The highest effect of compound 3l was observed against E. coli and C. albicans with MIC = 7.812 and 31.125 µg/mL, respectively. Compounds 3c and 3d showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, but the activity was lower than that of 3l. The antibiofilm activity of compound 3l was measured against different pathogenic microbes isolated from the urinary tract. Compound 3l could achieve biofilm extension at its adhesion strength. After adding 10.0 µg/mL of compound 3l, the highest percentage was 94.60% for E. coli, 91.74% for P. aeruginosa, and 98.03% for C. neoformans. Moreover, in the protein leakage assay, the quantity of cellular protein discharged from E. coli was 180.25 µg/mL after treatment with 1.0 mg/mL of compound 3l, which explains the creation of holes in the cell membrane of E. coli and proves compound 3l's antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Additionally, in silico ADME prediction analyses of compounds 3c, 3d, and 3l revealed promising results, indicating the presence of drug-like properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ghorab
- Drug Chemistry Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Aiten M Soliman
- Drug Chemistry Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Maged S Abdel-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21215, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I El-Batal
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Soltan OM, Shoman ME, Abdel-Aziz SA, Narumi A, Konno H, Abdel-Aziz M. Molecular hybrids: A five-year survey on structures of multiple targeted hybrids of protein kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113768. [PMID: 34450497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases have grown over the past few years as a crucial target for different cancer types. With the multifactorial nature of cancer, and the fast development of drug resistance for conventional chemotherapeutics, a strategy for designing multi-target agents was suggested to potentially increase drug efficacy, minimize side effects and retain the proper pharmacokinetic properties. Kinase inhibitors were used extensively in such strategy. Different kinase inhibitor agents which target EGFR, VEGFR, c-Met, CDK, PDK and other targets were merged into hybrids with conventional chemotherapeutics such as tubulin polymerization and topoisomerase inhibitors. Other hybrids were designed gathering kinase inhibitors with targeted cancer therapy such as HDAC, PARP, HSP 90 inhibitors. Nitric oxide donor molecules were also merged with kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. The current review presents the hybrids designed in the past five years discussing their design principles, results and highlights their future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mai E Shoman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Salah A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 61111, Minia, Egypt
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yadav UP, Ansari AJ, Arora S, Joshi G, Singh T, Kaur H, Dogra N, Kumar R, Kumar S, Sawant DM, Singh S. Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl-3-amines. Bioorg Chem 2021; 118:105464. [PMID: 34785441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of imido-heterocycle compounds were designed, synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for the anticancer potential using breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), pancreatic (PANC-1), and colon (HCT-116 and HT-29) cancer cell lines and normal cells, while normal cells showed no toxicity. Among the screened compounds, 4h exhibited the best anticancer potential with IC50 values ranging from 1 to 5.5 μM. Compound 4h caused G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in all the cell lines except MDA-MB-231 mammosphere formation was inhibited. In-vitro enzyme assay showed selective topoisomerase IIα inhibition by compound 4h, leading to DNA damage as observed by fluorescent staining. Cell signalling studies showed decreased expression of cell cycle promoting related proteins while apoptotic proteins were upregulated. Interestingly MDA-MB-231 cells showed only cytostatic effects upon treatment with compound 4h due to defective p53 status. Toxicity study using overexpression of dominant-negative mutant p53 in MCF-7 cells (which have wild type functional p53) showed that anticancer potential of compound 4h is positively correlated with p53 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Prasad Yadav
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Arshad J Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Sahil Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Tashvinder Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Harsimrat Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Nilambra Dogra
- Centre for Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India.
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India.
| | - Devesh M Sawant
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India.
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaur M, Mehta V, Arora S, Munshi A, Singh S, Kumar R. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 5‐(2‐Nitrophenyl)‐1‐aryl‐1
H
‐pyrazoles as Topoisomerase Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Vikrant Mehta
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Sahil Arora
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumar M, Joshi G, Arora S, Singh T, Biswas S, Sharma N, Bhat ZR, Tikoo K, Singh S, Kumar R. Design and Synthesis of Non-Covalent Imidazo[1,2- a]quinoxaline-Based Inhibitors of EGFR and Their Anti-Cancer Assessment. Molecules 2021; 26:1490. [PMID: 33803355 PMCID: PMC7967119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 30 non-covalent imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-based inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were designed and synthesized. EGFR inhibitory assessment (against wild type) data of compounds revealed 6b, 7h, 7j, 9a and 9c as potent EGFRWT inhibitors with IC50 values of 211.22, 222.21, 193.18, 223.32 and 221.53 nM, respectively, which were comparable to erlotinib (221.03 nM), a positive control. Furthermore, compounds exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity when tested against cancer cell lines harboring EGFRWT; A549, a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), HCT-116 (colon), MDA-MB-231 (breast) and gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell line H1975 harboring EGFRL858R/T790M. In particular, compound 6b demonstrated significant inhibitory potential against gefitinib-resistant H1975 cells (IC50 = 3.65 μM) as compared to gefitinib (IC50 > 20 μM). Moreover, molecular docking disclosed the binding mode of the 6b to the domain of EGFR (wild type and mutant type), indicating the basis of inhibition. Furthermore, its effects on redox modulation, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle analysis and cell death mode in A549 lung cancer cells were also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manvendra Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India; (M.K.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India; (M.K.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (S.B.)
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248171, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sahil Arora
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India; (M.K.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Tashvinder Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India; (T.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sajal Biswas
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India; (M.K.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; (N.S.); (Z.R.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Zahid Rafiq Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; (N.S.); (Z.R.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; (N.S.); (Z.R.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India; (T.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India; (M.K.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma P, Singh S. Combinatorial Effect of DCA and Let-7a on Triple-Negative MDA-MB-231 Cells: A Metabolic Approach of Treatment. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420911437. [PMID: 32248711 PMCID: PMC7136934 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420911437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a metabolic modulator that inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and promotes the influx of pyruvate into the tricarboxylic acid cycle for complete oxidation of glucose. DCA stimulates oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) more than glycolysis by altering the morphology of the mitochondria and supports mitochondrial apoptosis. As a consequence, DCA induces apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells. Recently, the role of miRNAs has been reported in regulating gene expression at the transcriptional level and also in reprogramming energy metabolism. In this article, we indicate that DCA treatment leads to the upregulation of let-7a expression, but DCA-induced cancer cell death is independent of let-7a. We observed that the combined effect of DCA and let-7a induces apoptosis, reduces reactive oxygen species generation and autophagy, and stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis. This was later accompanied by stimulation of OXPHOS in combined treatment and was thus involved in metabolic reprogramming of MDA-MB-231 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar M, Joshi G, Chatterjee J, Kumar R. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and its Trafficking Regulation by Acetylation: Implication in Resistance and Exploring the Newer Therapeutic Avenues in Cancer. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1105-1123. [PMID: 32031073 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200207100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EGFR is overexpressed in numerous cancers. So, it becomes one of the most favorable drug targets. Single-acting EGFR inhibitors on prolong use induce resistance and side effects. Inhibition of EGFR and/or its interacting proteins by dual/combined/multitargeted therapies can deliver more efficacious drugs with less or no resistance. OBJECTIVE The review delves deeper to cover the aspects of EGFR mediated endocytosis, leading to its trafficking, internalization, and crosstalk(s) with HDACs. METHODS AND RESULTS This review is put forth to congregate relevant literature evidenced on EGFR, its impact on cancer prognosis, inhibitors, and its trafficking regulation by acetylation along with the current strategies involved in targeting these proteins (EGFR and HDACs) successfully by involving dual/hybrid/combination chemotherapy. CONCLUSION The current information on cross-talk of EGFR and HDACs would likely assist researchers in designing and developing dual or multitargeted inhibitors through combining the required pharmacophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manvendra Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Joydeep Chatterjee
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Inhibition of histone deacetylases, topoisomerases and epidermal growth factor receptor by metal-based anticancer agents: Design & synthetic strategies and their medicinal attributes. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104396. [PMID: 33130345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metal-based inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC), DNA topoisomerases (Topos) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) have demonstrated their cytotoxic potential against various cancer types such as breast, lung, uterus, colon, etc. Additionally, these have proven their role in resolving the resistance issues, enhancing the affinity, lipophilicity, stability, and biocompatibility and therefore, emerged as potential candidates for molecularly targeted therapeutics. This review focusses on nature and role of metals and organic ligands in tuning the anticancer activity in multiple modes of inhibition considering HDACs, Topos or EGFR as one of the primary targets. The conceptual design and synthetic approaches of platinum and non-platinum metal complexes comprising of chiefly ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc metals coordinated with organic scaffolds, along with their biological activity profiles, structure-activity relationships (SARs), docking studies, possible modes of action, and their scope and limitations are discussed in detail.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mao Y, Soni K, Sangani C, Yao Y. An Overview of Privileged Scaffold: Quinolines and Isoquinolines in Medicinal Chemistry as Anticancer Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:2599-2633. [PMID: 32942976 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620999200917154225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most difficult diseases and causes of death for many decades. Many pieces of research are continuously going on to get a solution for cancer. Quinoline and isoquinoline derivatives have shown their possibilities to work as an antitumor agent in anticancer treatment. The members of this privileged scaffold quinoline and isoquinoline have shown their controlling impacts on cancer treatment through various modes. In particular, this review suggests the current scenario of quinoline and isoquinoline derivatives as antitumor agents and refine the path of these derivatives to find and develop new drugs against an evil known as cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Mao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital,
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Kunjal Soni
- Shri Maneklal M. Patel Institute of Sciences and Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 362024, India
| | - Chetan Sangani
- Shri Maneklal M. Patel Institute of Sciences and Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 362024, India
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital,
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kalra S, Joshi G, Kumar M, Arora S, Kaur H, Singh S, Munshi A, Kumar R. Anticancer potential of some imidazole and fused imidazole derivatives: exploring the mechanism via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:923-939. [PMID: 33479688 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00146e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazole-based epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors were computationally designed and synthesized. All the compounds were assessed for their anti-proliferative activity against five cancer cell lines, viz., MDA-MB-231 (breast), T47D (breast) and MCF-7 (breast), A549 (lung) and HT-29 (colorectal). Compounds 2c and 2d emerged as better anticancer molecules with no toxicity towards normal cells. 2c and 2d inhibited EGFR enzymatic activity in vitro with IC50 values of 617.33 ± 0.04 nM and 710 ± 0.05 nM, respectively. In order to further improve the potency, we explored an unoccupied area of the ATP binding domain of EGFR and analysed an in silico interaction model of 2c and 2d-EGFR complexes that guided and allowed substitution of the 4-fluorophenyl ring (2c and 2d) with 4-(4-methylpiperazinyl)-3-nitrophenyl at the N-9 position, resulting in compound 3c with a better binding score and potent EGFR inhibitory activity (IC50: 236.38 ± 0.04 nM), which was comparable to the positive control erlotinib (239.91 ± 0.05 nM). 3c exhibited a great improvement in anticancer potency with inhibition of cell growth of all cancer cell lines at very low micromolar concentrations (IC50 = 1.98 to 4.07 μM). Further investigation revealed that 3c also induced an increase in ROS levels in cancer cells in a mitochondrial-independent manner and halted the cell cycle at the sub-G1 phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kalra
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine , School of Health Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ;
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products , School of Basic and Applied Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ,
| | - Manvendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products , School of Basic and Applied Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ,
| | - Sahil Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products , School of Basic and Applied Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ,
| | - Harsimrat Kaur
- Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital , Mandi Gobindgarh , India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine , School of Health Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ;
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine , School of Health Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ;
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products , School of Basic and Applied Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Joshi G, Kalra S, Yadav UP, Sharma P, Singh PK, Amrutkar S, Ansari AJ, Kumar S, Sharon A, Sharma S, Sawant DM, Banerjee UC, Singh S, Kumar R. E-pharmacophore guided discovery of pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines as dual inhibitors of topoisomerase-I and histone deacetylase. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
14
|
Pandey P, Chellappan DK, Tambuwala MM, Bakshi HA, Dua K, Dureja H. Central composite designed formulation, characterization and in vitro cytotoxic effect of erlotinib loaded chitosan nanoparticulate system. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:596-610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
15
|
Exploration of Pd-catalysed four-component tandem reaction for one-pot assembly of pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines as potential EGFR inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
16
|
Othman DI, Selim KB, El-Sayed MAA, Tantawy AS, Amen Y, Shimizu K, Okauchi T, Kitamura M. Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of New Substituted Thiophene-Quinoline Derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Erlotinib loaded chitosan nanoparticles: Formulation, physicochemical characterization and cytotoxic potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:1304-1316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
18
|
Chokkar N, Kalra S, Chauhan M, Kumar R. A Review on Quinoline Derived Scaffolds as Anti-HIV Agents. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:510-526. [PMID: 30338737 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181018163448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
After restricting the proliferation of CD4+T cells, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), infection persists at a very fast rate causing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This demands the vigorous need of suitable anti-HIV agents, as existing medicines do not provide a complete cure and exhibit drawbacks like toxicities, drug resistance, side-effects, etc. Even the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) failed to combat HIV/AIDS completely. The major breakthrough in anti-HIV discovery was marked with the discovery of raltegravir in 2007, the first integrase (IN) inhibitor. Thereafter, the discovery of elvitegravir, a quinolone derivative emerged as the potent HIV-IN inhibitor. Though many more classes of different drugs that act as anti-HIV have been identified, some of which are under clinical trials, but the recent serious focus is still laid on quinoline and its analogues. In this review, we have covered all the quinoline-based derivatives that inhibit various targets and are potential anti-HIV agents in various phases of the drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Chokkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Sourav Kalra
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Monika Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kaur G, Cholia RP, Joshi G, Amrutkar SM, Kalra S, Mantha AK, Banerjee UC, Kumar R. Anticancer activity of dihydropyrazolo[1,5-c
]quinazolines against rat C6 glioma cells via inhibition of topoisomerase II. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800023. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda India
| | - Ravi P. Cholia
- Department of Animal Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda India
| | - Suyog M. Amrutkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology); National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S. A. S. Nagar; Mohali India
| | - Sourav Kalra
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda India
| | - Anil K. Mantha
- Department of Animal Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda India
| | - Uttam C. Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology); National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S. A. S. Nagar; Mohali India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sawant DM, Sharma S, Pathare RS, Joshi G, Kalra S, Sukanya S, Maurya AK, Metre RK, Agnihotri VK, Khan S, Kumar R, Pardasani RT. Relay tricyclic Pd(ii)/Ag(i) catalysis: design of a four-component reaction driven by nitrene-transfer on isocyanide yields inhibitors of EGFR. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11530-11533. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05845h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A four-component reactions promoted by Pd(ii)/Ag(i) relay catalysis paved the way for the development of a new EGFR inhibitor.
Collapse
|
21
|
Joshi G, Chauhan M, Kumar R, Thakur A, Sharma S, Singh R, Wani AA, Sharon A, Bharatam PV, Kumar R. Cyclocondensation reactions of an electron deactivated 2-aminophenyl tethered imidazole with mono/1,2-biselectrophiles: synthesis and DFT studies on the rationalisation of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline versus benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazepine selectivity switches. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00706c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted cyclocondensation of title compounds afforded unreported imidazo[1,2-a] quinoxaline and benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazepines in high yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda-151001
- India
| | - Monika Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda-151001
- India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda-151001
- India
| | - Ankush Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda-151001
- India
| | - Sachin Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda-151001
- India
| | - Rajveer Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- I.S.F. College of Pharmacy
- Moga
- India
| | - Aabid Abdullah Wani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S.A.S. Nagar
- India
| | - Ashoke Sharon
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology
- Ranchi
- India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S.A.S. Nagar
- India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda-151001
- India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kalra S, Joshi G, Munshi A, Kumar R. Structural insights of cyclin dependent kinases: Implications in design of selective inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:424-458. [PMID: 28911822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are around 20 Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) known till date, and various research groups have reported their role in different types of cancer. The X-ray structures of some CDKs especially CDK2 was exploited in the past few years, and several inhibitors have been found, e.g., flavopiridol, indirubicin, roscovitine, etc., but due to the specificity issues of these inhibitors (binding to all CDKs), these were called as pan inhibitors. The revolutionary outcome of palbociclib in 2015 as CDK4/6 inhibitor added a new charm to the specific inhibitor design for CDKs. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) tools added a benefit to the design and development of new CDK inhibitors by studying the binding pattern of the inhibitors to the ATP binding domain of CDKs. Herein, we have attempted a comparative analysis of structural differences between several CDKs ATP binding sites and their inhibitor specificity by depicting the important ligand-receptor interactions for a particular CDK to be targeted. This perspective provides futuristic implications in the design of inhibitors considering the spatial features and structural insights of the specific CDK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kalra
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Raj Kumar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Joshi G, Nayyar H, Kalra S, Sharma P, Munshi A, Singh S, Kumar R. Pyrimidine containing epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:995-1006. [PMID: 28544624 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based design and synthesis of pyrimidine containing reversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors 1a-d are reported. The compounds (1a-d) inhibited the EGFR kinase activity in vitro with IC50 range 740 nm to 3 μm. mRNA expression of EGFR downstream target genes, that is twist, c-fos and aurora were found to be altered upon treatment with compounds 1a-d. The compounds 1a-d exhibited excellent anticancer activity at low micromolar level (3.2-9 μm) in lung, colon and breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, compounds induced the alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species level and. Selected compound 1b was found to increase sub-G1 population indicative of cell death, the mode of cell death was apoptotic as evident from Annexin V verses propidium iodide assay. Molecular modelling further helped to investigate the binding recognition pattern of the compounds in ATP binding EGFR domain similar to erlotinib and dissimilar to WZ4002.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Himanshu Nayyar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sourav Kalra
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Some Quinoline and Oxadiazole Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/9589517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In continuance of our search for newer antiproliferative agents we report herein the synthesis and antiproliferative studies of two series (5a–j and 10a–c) of heterocyclic compounds. All the new compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectral data. The antiproliferative activity of 10 compounds (5a–j) was carried out on HeLa (cervix cancer cell line) and MDA-MB-435 (melanoma) and LC50, TGI, and GI50 were calculated, while the antiproliferative activity of 3 compounds (10a–c) was carried out against nine different panels of nearly 60 cell lines (NCI-60) according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI US) Protocol at 10 μM. 1-(7-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl)-3-(4-methoxylphenyl)urea (5j) was found to have antiproliferative activity with GI50 of 35.1 μM against HeLa (cervix cancer cell line) and 60.4 μM against MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), respectively. The compounds 10a, 10b, and 10c showed antiproliferative activity with comparatively higher selectivity towards HOP-92 (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer) with percent growth inhibitions (GIs) of 34.14, 35.29, and 31.59, respectively.
Collapse
|